杉木连栽对土壤氮含量和氮转化酶活性的影响
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摘要
连栽严重影响了杉木人工林的可持续经营,为探讨连栽杉木林地土壤氮循环的障碍机理,以湖南会同森林生态系统野外观测站天然次生林、1代和2代杉木人工林为对象,分析了杉木连栽过程中土壤不同形态氮(铵态氮、硝态氮、微生物量氮、全氮)含量的变化特征,以及土壤氮素含量和土壤氮转化酶(土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、天冬酰胺酶、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖核苷酶)活性之间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)随着连栽代数的增加,土壤中硝态氮含量显著增加(P<0.05),2代杉木人工林显著高于天然次生林,而其它土壤理化指标变化不显著;(2)土壤亚硝酸还原酶、蛋白酶及天冬酰胺酶活性随连栽代数增加而发生显著变化,亚硝酸还原酶活性表现为1代>2代>天然次生林,蛋白酶活性随着连栽代数增加而增加,天冬酰胺酶活性表现为天然次生林>2代>1代;(3)土壤亚硝酸还原酶活性与微生物量氮(MBN)呈极显著负相关,与土壤pH值呈显著正相关;蛋白酶活性与土壤含水率和硝态氮(NO3--N)含量呈显著正相关;天冬酰胺酶活性与土壤pH值呈显著正相关;硝酸还原酶活性与土壤全氮(TN)呈极显著正相关。
Successive planting affects sustainability management of Chinese fir plantation. To explore obstacle mechanism of soil nitrogen cycle in continuous Chinese fir plantation forest,it takes Natural Secondary Forests of Huitong Forest Ecosystem Field Observation Station,Hunan Province(NSF),first-rotation planation p(FRP) and second-rotation Chinese fir plantation(SRP) as objects. The research was conducted to analyze the concentrations of soil ammonium,nitrate,microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),total nitrogen(TN) as well as the relationship between soil N concentrations and enzymes [urease,protease,nitrate reductase(Nar),nitrite reductase(NiR),asparaginaseand N-acetamido glucosidase(NAG) ] activities related to N transformation. Three forests including natural secondary forest(NSF),the first rotation(FRP) and second rotation(SRP) of Chinese fir plantation,which located in Huitong Field Observation and Research Station,Hunan province,were selected as our research objects. The results showed that:(1) with the increase of rotations,soil nitrate concentration increased,with significantly higher nitrate concentrations in SRP than in NSF,while no significant changes were observed for other soil property parameters.(2) The activities of soil NiR,protease and asparaginase changed significantly with the increase of rotations. Specifically,soil NiR activity followed the trend of FRP >SRP >NSF,soil protease activity increased with rotation,soil asparaginase activity followed the trend of NSF > FRP > SRP.(3) Soil Nar activity was significantly and positively correlated with soil MBN,while significantly and negatively correlated with soil pH value. Soil protease activity was significantly and positively correlated with soil moisture and soil nitrate content; soil asparaginase activity was significantly and positively correlated with soil pH value; soil Nar was significantly and positively correlated with soil TN.
Successive planting affects sustainability management of Chinese fir plantation. To explore obstacle mechanism of soil nitrogen cycle in continuous Chinese fir plantation forest,it takes Natural Secondary Forests of Huitong Forest Ecosystem Field Observation Station,Hunan Province(NSF),first-rotation planation p(FRP) and second-rotation Chinese fir plantation(SRP) as objects. The research was conducted to analyze the concentrations of soil ammonium,nitrate,microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),total nitrogen(TN) as well as the relationship between soil N concentrations and enzymes [urease,protease,nitrate reductase(Nar),nitrite reductase(NiR),asparaginaseand N-acetamido glucosidase(NAG) ] activities related to N transformation. Three forests including natural secondary forest(NSF),the first rotation(FRP) and second rotation(SRP) of Chinese fir plantation,which located in Huitong Field Observation and Research Station,Hunan province,were selected as our research objects. The results showed that:(1) with the increase of rotations,soil nitrate concentration increased,with significantly higher nitrate concentrations in SRP than in NSF,while no significant changes were observed for other soil property parameters.(2) The activities of soil NiR,protease and asparaginase changed significantly with the increase of rotations. Specifically,soil NiR activity followed the trend of FRP >SRP >NSF,soil protease activity increased with rotation,soil asparaginase activity followed the trend of NSF > FRP > SRP.(3) Soil Nar activity was significantly and positively correlated with soil MBN,while significantly and negatively correlated with soil pH value. Soil protease activity was significantly and positively correlated with soil moisture and soil nitrate content; soil asparaginase activity was significantly and positively correlated with soil pH value; soil Nar was significantly and positively correlated with soil TN.
引文
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[2]马祥庆,刘爱琴,马壮,等.不同代数杉木林养分积累和分布的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(4):501-506.
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[4]周玉泉,康文星,陈日升,等.不同栽植代数杉木林养分吸收、积累和利用效率的比较[J].生态学报,38(11):3 868-3 878.
[5]陈龙池,汪思龙,陈楚莹.杉木人工林衰退机理探讨[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1 953-1 957.
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[7]毛超,漆良华.森林土壤氮转化与循环研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2015,28(2):8-13.
[8]何友军,王清奎,汪思龙,等.杉木人工林土壤微生物生物量碳氮特征及其与土壤养分的关系[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2 292-2 296.
[9]刘丽,徐明恺,汪思龙,等.杉木人工林土壤质量演变过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4 692-4 706.
[10]刘捷豹,陈光水,郭剑芬,等.森林土壤酶对环境变化的响应研究进展[J].生态学报,2017(1):110-117.
[11]王理德,王方琳,郭春秀,等.土壤酶学硏究进展[J].土壤,2016,48(1):12-21.
[12]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[13]林娜,刘勇,李国雷,等.森林土壤酶研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(4):21-25.
[14]吴旺旺,张丽丽,林达,等.氮沉降对凋落叶分解前期土壤酶活性的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(2):174-180.
[15]罗飞,谢书妮,张海燕,等.酸雨区不同林龄杉木林土壤酶活性季节动态[J].福建林学院学报,2014,34(2):131-137.
[16]KYAING M S,顾立江,程红梅.植物中硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶的作用[J].生物技术进展,2011,1(3):159-164.
[17]张威,张明,白震,等.土壤中几丁质酶的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2007,38(3):569-575.
[18]林启美,吴玉光,刘焕龙.熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(2):63-66.
[19]盛炜彤,杨承栋,范少辉.杉木人工林的土壤性质变化[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(4):377-385.
[20]焦如珍,杨承栋,屠星南,等.杉木人工林不同发育阶段林下植被、土壤微生物、酶活性及养分的变化[J].林业科学研究,1997,10(4):373-379.
[21]唐健,覃祚玉,王会利,等.广西杉木主产区连栽杉木林地土壤肥力综合评价[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(1):30-35.
[22]刘晶静,吴伟祥,丁颖,等.氨氧化古菌及其在氮循环中的重要作用[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2 154-2 160.
[23]胡亚利.杉木人工林土壤养分动态变化规律研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[24]周丽丽.不同发育阶段杉木人工林养分内循环与周转利用效率的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2014.
[25]杨玉盛,邱仁辉,何宗明,等.不同栽杉代数29年生杉木林净生产力及营养元素生物循环的研究[J].林业科学,1998,34(6):3-11.
[26]莫江明,郁梦德,孔国辉.鼎湖山马尾松人工林土壤硝态氮和铵态氮动态研究[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(4):335-341.
[26]连华森.经营因素对2代3年生杉木林生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2005,33(2):4-5,17.
[27]刘善江,夏雪,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.
[28]张威,张明,张旭东,等.土壤蛋白酶和芳香氨基酶的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1 468-1 474.
[29]孙启武,杨承栋,焦如珍,等.江西大岗山连栽杉木人工林土壤性质的变化[J].林业科学,2003,39(3):1-5.
[30]吴永玲,王兵,赵超,等.杉木人工林不同发育阶段土壤肥力综合评价研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):69-75.
[31]周礼恺.土壤酶学[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[32]FU M H,TABATABAI M A. Nitrate reductase activity in soils:effects of trace elements[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1989,21(7):943-946.
[33]陈利军,武志杰,姜勇,等.与氮转化有关的土壤酶活性对抑制剂施用的响应[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1 099-1 103.
[34]FRANKENBERGER W T Jr,TABATABAI M A. L-asparaginase activity of soils[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,1991,11(1):6-12.
[35]崔艳荷,张威,何红波,等.外源氮素添加对森林土壤氨基糖转化的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(4):960-965.
[36]张星,李敏,姚庆智,等.大青山不同树种根围土壤酶活性与微生物群落丰度的研究[J].生物技术通报,2017,33(10):209-216.
[37]SCHLOTER M,DILLY O,MUNCH J C. Indicators for evaluating soil quality[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2003,98(1/2/3):255-262.
[38]ALLISON S D,VITOUSEK P M. Responses of extracellular enzymes to simple and complex nutrient inputs[J]. Soil Biologyand Biochemistry,2005,37(5):937-944.
[2]马祥庆,刘爱琴,马壮,等.不同代数杉木林养分积累和分布的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(4):501-506.
[3]杨玉盛,何宗明,陈光水,等.杉木多代连栽后土壤肥力变化[J].土壤与环境,2001,10(1):33-38.
[4]周玉泉,康文星,陈日升,等.不同栽植代数杉木林养分吸收、积累和利用效率的比较[J].生态学报,38(11):3 868-3 878.
[5]陈龙池,汪思龙,陈楚莹.杉木人工林衰退机理探讨[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1 953-1 957.
[6]VITOUSEK P M,HOWARTH R W. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea:how can it occur?[J]. Biogeochemistry,1991,13(2):87-115.
[7]毛超,漆良华.森林土壤氮转化与循环研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2015,28(2):8-13.
[8]何友军,王清奎,汪思龙,等.杉木人工林土壤微生物生物量碳氮特征及其与土壤养分的关系[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2 292-2 296.
[9]刘丽,徐明恺,汪思龙,等.杉木人工林土壤质量演变过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4 692-4 706.
[10]刘捷豹,陈光水,郭剑芬,等.森林土壤酶对环境变化的响应研究进展[J].生态学报,2017(1):110-117.
[11]王理德,王方琳,郭春秀,等.土壤酶学硏究进展[J].土壤,2016,48(1):12-21.
[12]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[13]林娜,刘勇,李国雷,等.森林土壤酶研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(4):21-25.
[14]吴旺旺,张丽丽,林达,等.氮沉降对凋落叶分解前期土壤酶活性的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(2):174-180.
[15]罗飞,谢书妮,张海燕,等.酸雨区不同林龄杉木林土壤酶活性季节动态[J].福建林学院学报,2014,34(2):131-137.
[16]KYAING M S,顾立江,程红梅.植物中硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶的作用[J].生物技术进展,2011,1(3):159-164.
[17]张威,张明,白震,等.土壤中几丁质酶的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2007,38(3):569-575.
[18]林启美,吴玉光,刘焕龙.熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(2):63-66.
[19]盛炜彤,杨承栋,范少辉.杉木人工林的土壤性质变化[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(4):377-385.
[20]焦如珍,杨承栋,屠星南,等.杉木人工林不同发育阶段林下植被、土壤微生物、酶活性及养分的变化[J].林业科学研究,1997,10(4):373-379.
[21]唐健,覃祚玉,王会利,等.广西杉木主产区连栽杉木林地土壤肥力综合评价[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(1):30-35.
[22]刘晶静,吴伟祥,丁颖,等.氨氧化古菌及其在氮循环中的重要作用[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2 154-2 160.
[23]胡亚利.杉木人工林土壤养分动态变化规律研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[24]周丽丽.不同发育阶段杉木人工林养分内循环与周转利用效率的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2014.
[25]杨玉盛,邱仁辉,何宗明,等.不同栽杉代数29年生杉木林净生产力及营养元素生物循环的研究[J].林业科学,1998,34(6):3-11.
[26]莫江明,郁梦德,孔国辉.鼎湖山马尾松人工林土壤硝态氮和铵态氮动态研究[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(4):335-341.
[26]连华森.经营因素对2代3年生杉木林生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2005,33(2):4-5,17.
[27]刘善江,夏雪,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.
[28]张威,张明,张旭东,等.土壤蛋白酶和芳香氨基酶的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1 468-1 474.
[29]孙启武,杨承栋,焦如珍,等.江西大岗山连栽杉木人工林土壤性质的变化[J].林业科学,2003,39(3):1-5.
[30]吴永玲,王兵,赵超,等.杉木人工林不同发育阶段土壤肥力综合评价研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):69-75.
[31]周礼恺.土壤酶学[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[32]FU M H,TABATABAI M A. Nitrate reductase activity in soils:effects of trace elements[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1989,21(7):943-946.
[33]陈利军,武志杰,姜勇,等.与氮转化有关的土壤酶活性对抑制剂施用的响应[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1 099-1 103.
[34]FRANKENBERGER W T Jr,TABATABAI M A. L-asparaginase activity of soils[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,1991,11(1):6-12.
[35]崔艳荷,张威,何红波,等.外源氮素添加对森林土壤氨基糖转化的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(4):960-965.
[36]张星,李敏,姚庆智,等.大青山不同树种根围土壤酶活性与微生物群落丰度的研究[J].生物技术通报,2017,33(10):209-216.
[37]SCHLOTER M,DILLY O,MUNCH J C. Indicators for evaluating soil quality[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2003,98(1/2/3):255-262.
[38]ALLISON S D,VITOUSEK P M. Responses of extracellular enzymes to simple and complex nutrient inputs[J]. Soil Biologyand Biochemistry,2005,37(5):937-944.