中国东北浅覆盖区地质填图物化探信息协同辅助技术
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摘要
针对中国东北浅覆盖区地质露头少、填图效率不高、精确度和准确度较低的问题,开发了物化探信息协同辅助技术并应用于地质体类型的识别。在以覆盖层较薄、面积广大、物理风化为主、土壤位移较小为特点的东北森林沼泽浅覆盖区,利用土壤化学成分和航磁信息识别下伏地质体是可行的。基于这一前提,可将指定研究区划分为一定数量的统计单元,在各单元内,通过数学统计方法产生众数、宽度、变化频率、偏度、峰度等航磁特征参数并将其标准化,将化探指标酸度、碱度、钙含量、铝含量、钙镁含量、硅铝含量、镁铁含量、微量元素含量等特征参数标准化;然后采用逐级分类的方法,每级选择有效的物化探特征参数,在当前级别上实现单元划分并将数据分为不同数据集,在下一级别划分时重新有针对地选择参数,分别对各数据集进一步分类,直到分类结果对应较明确的地质填图单元,并最终编制出解译图。以黑龙江省大兴安岭地区某典型森林沼泽浅覆盖区为例进行了方法验证,将结果与已知地质信息比对分析,认为地质体单元识别结果与已知信息基本吻合,使得地质体类型识别更精确,边界更清晰,可为区域地质研究提供新线索。
Aiming at the difficulties of geological mapping at shallow cover areas Northeast China,such as fewer outcrops,lower efficiency,lower precision and accuracy,we developed a geophysical and geochemical information integration technology for geological body identification.It is suitable for the shallow cover area in Northeast China,where it is huge with the features of strong physical weathering and small soil displacement.In this method,the entire study area is divided into a number of statistical units,the regional aeromagnetic information in each unit is transformed into characteristic parameters,such as mode,interquartile range,frequency,skewness,kurtosis,and the regional geochemical information in each unit is transformed into the characteristic parameters,such as acidity,alkalinity,calcium content,aluminum content,content of calcium and magnesium,content of aluminum and silicon,content of magnesium and iron,and individual trace elements.Then,all the units are classified step by step based on their characteristic parameters to finally identify geological bodies.Taking somewhere in a typical shallow overburden area in Northeast China as an example,we applied this method.By comparing the results with the known geological information,the recognition results of geologic units are in good agreement with the known information.This method can provide richer geological information and new clues for regional geological research.
Aiming at the difficulties of geological mapping at shallow cover areas Northeast China,such as fewer outcrops,lower efficiency,lower precision and accuracy,we developed a geophysical and geochemical information integration technology for geological body identification.It is suitable for the shallow cover area in Northeast China,where it is huge with the features of strong physical weathering and small soil displacement.In this method,the entire study area is divided into a number of statistical units,the regional aeromagnetic information in each unit is transformed into characteristic parameters,such as mode,interquartile range,frequency,skewness,kurtosis,and the regional geochemical information in each unit is transformed into the characteristic parameters,such as acidity,alkalinity,calcium content,aluminum content,content of calcium and magnesium,content of aluminum and silicon,content of magnesium and iron,and individual trace elements.Then,all the units are classified step by step based on their characteristic parameters to finally identify geological bodies.Taking somewhere in a typical shallow overburden area in Northeast China as an example,we applied this method.By comparing the results with the known geological information,the recognition results of geologic units are in good agreement with the known information.This method can provide richer geological information and new clues for regional geological research.
引文
[1]马晓阳.我国东北森林沼泽浅覆盖区化探异常查证方法技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006:1-3.Ma Xiaoyang.Study on the Techniques and Methods for the Geochemical Anomaly Verification in SwampForest Areas,Northeast China[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2006:1-3.
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[3]王涛,计文化,胡建民,等.专题地质填图及有关问题讨论[J].地质通报,2016,35(5):633-641.Wang Tao,Ji Wenhua,Hu Jianmin,et al.Geological Mapping for Special Issues and a Discussion on Related Topics[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(5):633-641.
[4]Green P M.Digital Image Processing of Integrated Geochemical and Geological Information[J].Journal of the Geological Society of London,1984,141(5):941-949.
[5]郝立波,陆继龙,李龙.区域化探数据在浅覆盖区地质填图中的应用方法研究[J].中国地质,2007,34(4):710-715.Hao Libo,Lu Jilong,Li Long.Method of Using Regional Geochemical Data in Geological Mapping in Shallow Overburden Areas[J].Geology in China,2007,34(4):710-715.
[6]徐国志,徐锦鹏,段玲玲.化探资料在地质填图中的应用[J].物探与化探,2015,39(3):450-455.Xu Guozhi,Xu Jinpeng,Duan Lingling.The Application of Geochemical Data in Geological Mapping[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2015,39(3):450-455.
[7]Kirkwood C,Everett P,Ferreira A,et al.Stream Sediment Ggeochemistry as a Tool for Enhancing Geological Understanding:An Overview of New Data from South West England[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2016,163:28-40.
[8]戴慧敏,金鑫,孙中任,等.大比例尺地球化学方法在地质填图中的应用[J].地质与资源,2015,24(1):33-38.Dai Huimin,Jin Xin,Sun Zhongren,et al.The Application of Large Scale Geochemical Mapping Method[J].Geology and Resources,2015,24(1):33-38.
[9]时艳香,郝立波,陆继龙,等.因子分类法在黑龙江塔河地区地质填图中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(5):899-903.Shi Yanxiang,Hao Libo,Lu Jilong,et al.Application of Factor Classification in Geological Mapping in Tahe Area,Heilongjiang Province[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2008,38(5):899-903.
[10]翁仕明,汤正江,张雷.用多元素背景值法进行地质单元划分[J].物探与化探,2006,30(1):38-40.Weng Shiming,Tang Zhengjiang,Zhang Lei.The Application of Multi-Element Background Value Method to the Division of Geological Units[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2006,30(1):38-40.
[11]刘菁华,王祝文.地面综合物探方法在浅覆盖区地质填图单元的划分研究[J].中国地质,2005,32(1):162-167.Liu Jinghua,Wang Zhuwen.Division Scheme of the Geological Mapping Units in Shallow Cover Areas Based on Ground Integrated Geophysical Methods[J].Geology in China,2005,32(1):162-167.
[12]赵玉岩,吴燕冈,郝立波,等.利用航磁数据识别浅覆盖区地质体的方法研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2008,30(2):125-127.Zhao Yuyan,Wu Yangang,Hao Libo,et al.A Study on Lithologic Identification in Shallow Cover Areas from Aeromagnetic[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,30(2):125-127.
[13]孙中任,赵雪娟,贾立国,等.地面高精度磁测数据在区域地质填图中应用研究[J].地质与资源,2010,19(2):173-179.Sun Zhongren,Zhao Xuejuan,Jia Liguo,et al.Application of Ground High-Precision Magnetic Measurement in Regional Geological Mapping[J].Geology and Resources,2010,19(2):173-179.
[14]赖月荣,韩磊,杨树生.高精度磁测在阿勒泰冰碛物覆盖区地质填图中的应用[J].物探与化探,2014,38(6):1181-1185.Lai Yuerong,Han Lei,Yang Shusheng.The Rffects of Applying High Precision Magnetic Survey to Geological Mapping in Altay Glacial till Covering Area[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(6):1181-1185.
[15]祁光.重力反演在立体地质填图中的应用[D].长春:吉林大学,2009:15-22.Qi Guang.Application of Gravity Inversion for Spatial Geological Mapping[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009:15-22.
[16]马超飞,马建文,韩秀珍,等.应用多元数据提取高植被覆盖地区岩性信息:以湖南黔阳地区为例[J].地质科学,2002,37(3):365-371.Ma Chaofei,Ma Jianwen,Han Xiuzhen,et al.Extraction of Lithological Information Using MultiData in Densely Vegetated Area:An Example from Qianyang,Hunan[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2002,37(3):365-371.
[17]郭奎成,马江水,孙广瑞,等.浅覆盖区多源数据融合整合的技术方法[J].地质通报,2008,27(7):1097-1102.Guo Kuicheng,Ma Jiangshui,Sun Guangrui,et al.Multi-Source Data Integration Technique in Shallow Cover Areas[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(7):1097-1102.
[18]徐世哲,张研,文百红,等.切割法在路东地区磁异常解释中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):316-318.Xu Shizhe,Zhang Yan,Wen Baihong,et al.The Application of Cutting Method to Interpretation of Magnetic Anomaly in Region of Ludong[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(3):316-318.
[19]El-Ata A S,EI-Khafeef A A,Ghoneimi A E,et al.Applications of Aeromagnetic Data to Detect the Basement Tectonics of Eastern Yemen Region[J].Egyptian Journal of Petroleum,2013,22(2):277-292.
[20]尚世贵.小波变换在磁异常分离中的应用:以安徽庐枞矿集区小包庄铁矿床为例[J].物探与化探,2014,38(6):1119-1123.Shang Shigui.The Application of Wavelet Transform in the Separation of Magnetic Anomaly:A Case Study of the Lu-Zong Ore District Xiaobaozhuang Iron Deposit,Anhui Province[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(6):1119-1123.
[21]文百红,程方道.用于划分磁异常的新方法:插值切割法[J].中南矿冶学院学报,1990,21(3):229-235.Wen Baihong,Cheng Fangdao.A New Interpolating Cut Method for Identifying Regional and Local Fields of Magnetic Anomaly[J].J Cent South Inst Min Metall,1990,21(3):229-235.
[22]赵玉岩.区域地球物理地球化学数据在浅覆盖区地质填图中的应用[D].长春:吉林大学,2009:6-11.Zhao Yuyan.Application of Regional Geophysical and Geochemical Data to Geological Survey in Shallow Overlay Area[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009:6-11
[23]Xie X,Mu X,Ren T.Geochemical Mapping in China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1990,60:99-113.
[24]黑龙江省地矿局物探大队.塔河县幅1/5万航磁编图[R].哈尔滨:黑龙江省地矿局物探大队,1980.Geophysical Team of Geological and Mineral Bureau of Heilongjiang Province.Aeromagnetic Map of Tahe County at 1∶50 000-Scale[R].Harbin:Geophysical Team of Geological and Mineral Bureau of Heilongjiang Province,1980.
[2]周飞飞,杨健.现代地质填图,走向特殊地质地貌区[N].中国国土资源报,2016-01-26(6).Zhou Feifei,Yang Jian.Modern Geological Mapping,Towards Special Geological Landform[N].China Land and Resources News,2016-01-26](6).
[3]王涛,计文化,胡建民,等.专题地质填图及有关问题讨论[J].地质通报,2016,35(5):633-641.Wang Tao,Ji Wenhua,Hu Jianmin,et al.Geological Mapping for Special Issues and a Discussion on Related Topics[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(5):633-641.
[4]Green P M.Digital Image Processing of Integrated Geochemical and Geological Information[J].Journal of the Geological Society of London,1984,141(5):941-949.
[5]郝立波,陆继龙,李龙.区域化探数据在浅覆盖区地质填图中的应用方法研究[J].中国地质,2007,34(4):710-715.Hao Libo,Lu Jilong,Li Long.Method of Using Regional Geochemical Data in Geological Mapping in Shallow Overburden Areas[J].Geology in China,2007,34(4):710-715.
[6]徐国志,徐锦鹏,段玲玲.化探资料在地质填图中的应用[J].物探与化探,2015,39(3):450-455.Xu Guozhi,Xu Jinpeng,Duan Lingling.The Application of Geochemical Data in Geological Mapping[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2015,39(3):450-455.
[7]Kirkwood C,Everett P,Ferreira A,et al.Stream Sediment Ggeochemistry as a Tool for Enhancing Geological Understanding:An Overview of New Data from South West England[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2016,163:28-40.
[8]戴慧敏,金鑫,孙中任,等.大比例尺地球化学方法在地质填图中的应用[J].地质与资源,2015,24(1):33-38.Dai Huimin,Jin Xin,Sun Zhongren,et al.The Application of Large Scale Geochemical Mapping Method[J].Geology and Resources,2015,24(1):33-38.
[9]时艳香,郝立波,陆继龙,等.因子分类法在黑龙江塔河地区地质填图中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(5):899-903.Shi Yanxiang,Hao Libo,Lu Jilong,et al.Application of Factor Classification in Geological Mapping in Tahe Area,Heilongjiang Province[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2008,38(5):899-903.
[10]翁仕明,汤正江,张雷.用多元素背景值法进行地质单元划分[J].物探与化探,2006,30(1):38-40.Weng Shiming,Tang Zhengjiang,Zhang Lei.The Application of Multi-Element Background Value Method to the Division of Geological Units[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2006,30(1):38-40.
[11]刘菁华,王祝文.地面综合物探方法在浅覆盖区地质填图单元的划分研究[J].中国地质,2005,32(1):162-167.Liu Jinghua,Wang Zhuwen.Division Scheme of the Geological Mapping Units in Shallow Cover Areas Based on Ground Integrated Geophysical Methods[J].Geology in China,2005,32(1):162-167.
[12]赵玉岩,吴燕冈,郝立波,等.利用航磁数据识别浅覆盖区地质体的方法研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2008,30(2):125-127.Zhao Yuyan,Wu Yangang,Hao Libo,et al.A Study on Lithologic Identification in Shallow Cover Areas from Aeromagnetic[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,30(2):125-127.
[13]孙中任,赵雪娟,贾立国,等.地面高精度磁测数据在区域地质填图中应用研究[J].地质与资源,2010,19(2):173-179.Sun Zhongren,Zhao Xuejuan,Jia Liguo,et al.Application of Ground High-Precision Magnetic Measurement in Regional Geological Mapping[J].Geology and Resources,2010,19(2):173-179.
[14]赖月荣,韩磊,杨树生.高精度磁测在阿勒泰冰碛物覆盖区地质填图中的应用[J].物探与化探,2014,38(6):1181-1185.Lai Yuerong,Han Lei,Yang Shusheng.The Rffects of Applying High Precision Magnetic Survey to Geological Mapping in Altay Glacial till Covering Area[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(6):1181-1185.
[15]祁光.重力反演在立体地质填图中的应用[D].长春:吉林大学,2009:15-22.Qi Guang.Application of Gravity Inversion for Spatial Geological Mapping[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009:15-22.
[16]马超飞,马建文,韩秀珍,等.应用多元数据提取高植被覆盖地区岩性信息:以湖南黔阳地区为例[J].地质科学,2002,37(3):365-371.Ma Chaofei,Ma Jianwen,Han Xiuzhen,et al.Extraction of Lithological Information Using MultiData in Densely Vegetated Area:An Example from Qianyang,Hunan[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2002,37(3):365-371.
[17]郭奎成,马江水,孙广瑞,等.浅覆盖区多源数据融合整合的技术方法[J].地质通报,2008,27(7):1097-1102.Guo Kuicheng,Ma Jiangshui,Sun Guangrui,et al.Multi-Source Data Integration Technique in Shallow Cover Areas[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(7):1097-1102.
[18]徐世哲,张研,文百红,等.切割法在路东地区磁异常解释中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):316-318.Xu Shizhe,Zhang Yan,Wen Baihong,et al.The Application of Cutting Method to Interpretation of Magnetic Anomaly in Region of Ludong[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(3):316-318.
[19]El-Ata A S,EI-Khafeef A A,Ghoneimi A E,et al.Applications of Aeromagnetic Data to Detect the Basement Tectonics of Eastern Yemen Region[J].Egyptian Journal of Petroleum,2013,22(2):277-292.
[20]尚世贵.小波变换在磁异常分离中的应用:以安徽庐枞矿集区小包庄铁矿床为例[J].物探与化探,2014,38(6):1119-1123.Shang Shigui.The Application of Wavelet Transform in the Separation of Magnetic Anomaly:A Case Study of the Lu-Zong Ore District Xiaobaozhuang Iron Deposit,Anhui Province[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(6):1119-1123.
[21]文百红,程方道.用于划分磁异常的新方法:插值切割法[J].中南矿冶学院学报,1990,21(3):229-235.Wen Baihong,Cheng Fangdao.A New Interpolating Cut Method for Identifying Regional and Local Fields of Magnetic Anomaly[J].J Cent South Inst Min Metall,1990,21(3):229-235.
[22]赵玉岩.区域地球物理地球化学数据在浅覆盖区地质填图中的应用[D].长春:吉林大学,2009:6-11.Zhao Yuyan.Application of Regional Geophysical and Geochemical Data to Geological Survey in Shallow Overlay Area[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009:6-11
[23]Xie X,Mu X,Ren T.Geochemical Mapping in China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1990,60:99-113.
[24]黑龙江省地矿局物探大队.塔河县幅1/5万航磁编图[R].哈尔滨:黑龙江省地矿局物探大队,1980.Geophysical Team of Geological and Mineral Bureau of Heilongjiang Province.Aeromagnetic Map of Tahe County at 1∶50 000-Scale[R].Harbin:Geophysical Team of Geological and Mineral Bureau of Heilongjiang Province,1980.