雾霾环境指标对U70BL型绝缘子积污增长的影响
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摘要
为深入研究雾霾环境下绝缘子的表面积污规律,分析了雾霾的空气质量指数(AQI)、雾水电导率、相对湿度这3个环境指标对U70BL型绝缘子表面积污特性的影响。通过统计平顶山市一座污秽试验站内U70BL型绝缘子在2014-12-10—2015-02-28期间的积污数据及同期的AQI指数日值,得出当AQI数值在50~100、100~200、200~500内时,试验绝缘子表面的盐密日平均增长量分别为-2.92×10~(-4)、3.7×10~(-4)、8.6×10~(-4) mg/cm~2;随着AQI指数的升高,盐密日增长量整体呈增加趋势。此外分析了实验室条件下相对湿度、雾水电导率对U70BL型绝缘子积污特性的影响,可得:相对湿度一定时,表面盐密随着雾水电导率的升高而增加;利用最小二乘法得到雾水电导率(x)与测量盐密(y)间的拟合关系式为y=1.771 5×10-6x+0.0112;雾水电导率为1 000μS/cm或2 500μS/cm时,湿度作用下污秽颗粒的湿沉降作用显著;且湿度越大,绝缘子表面盐密的增量越大;实验环境下,绝缘子积污9 h后表面的盐密增长量级始终在10~(-3) mg/cm~2。
We investigated the influences of environmental indicators of fog-haze(such as the air quality index, relative humidity, and fog conductivity) on insulator(U70 BL) pollution performances. We analyzed the data based on the daily pollution degree insulator U70 BL in Henan Province in 2014.12.10~2015.2.28. The average daily growths of equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD) of the test insulator are-2.92×10~(-4) and 3.7×10~(-4) mg/cm~2, 8.6×10~(-4) mg/cm~2 respectively, when the AQIs are 50~100, 100~200 and 200~500. ESDDs daily growth will increase with AQI in a logistic curve pattern. Meanwhile, corresponding experiments were carried on in the laboratory. When the relative humidity is constant, ESDD increases as the fog conductivity increases linearly, and the least squares method is used to obtain the fitting relationship y=1.771 5×10-6 x+0.0112 between the electrical fog conductivity(x) and the ESDD(y). When the fog conductivity is 1 000 μS/cm or 2 500 μS/cm, the wet deposition effect of the dirty particles is obvious; and the greater the humidity is, the greater the ESDD increment of the insulator surface will be. Under the experimental environment, the magnitude of ESDD increment of the insulator surface after 9 hours is always 10~(-3) mg/cm~2.
We investigated the influences of environmental indicators of fog-haze(such as the air quality index, relative humidity, and fog conductivity) on insulator(U70 BL) pollution performances. We analyzed the data based on the daily pollution degree insulator U70 BL in Henan Province in 2014.12.10~2015.2.28. The average daily growths of equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD) of the test insulator are-2.92×10~(-4) and 3.7×10~(-4) mg/cm~2, 8.6×10~(-4) mg/cm~2 respectively, when the AQIs are 50~100, 100~200 and 200~500. ESDDs daily growth will increase with AQI in a logistic curve pattern. Meanwhile, corresponding experiments were carried on in the laboratory. When the relative humidity is constant, ESDD increases as the fog conductivity increases linearly, and the least squares method is used to obtain the fitting relationship y=1.771 5×10-6 x+0.0112 between the electrical fog conductivity(x) and the ESDD(y). When the fog conductivity is 1 000 μS/cm or 2 500 μS/cm, the wet deposition effect of the dirty particles is obvious; and the greater the humidity is, the greater the ESDD increment of the insulator surface will be. Under the experimental environment, the magnitude of ESDD increment of the insulator surface after 9 hours is always 10~(-3) mg/cm~2.
引文
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[14]张建忠,孙瑾,王冠岚,等.北京地区空气质量指数时空分布特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(1):33-39.ZHANG Jianzhong,SUN jin,WANG Guanlan,et al.Space-time distribution of air quality index and its relationship with meteorological conditions[J].Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2014,37(1):33-39.
[15]熊洁,陈楠,操文祥,等.武汉市一次重霾天气AQI演变及气象因子特征分析[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(12):183-187,316.XIONG Jie,CHEN nan,CAO Wenxiang,el al.Study on heavy smog days in wuhan in terms of AQI index and characteristic of meteorological factors[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,38(12):183-187,316.
[16]余德芬,孙才新,顾乐观,等.酸性湿沉降对绝缘子闪络特性影响的表征量研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(4):16-20.YU Defen,SUN Caixin,GU Leguan.The research to token on flashover characteristics of insulator in the acid wet precipitation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2001,21(4):16-20.
[2]邓鹤鸣,何正浩,许宇航,等.雾霾对冲击放电路径影响特性的分析[J].高电压技术,2009,35(11):2669-2673.DENG Heming,HE Zhenhao,XU Yuhang,et al.Effects of haze environment on discharge path under lightning impulses[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(11):2669-2673.
[3]蒋兴良,刘洋,孟志高,等.雾霾对绝缘子交流闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(11):3311-3317.JIANG Xingliang,LIU Yang,MENG Zhigao,et al.Effect of fog-haze on AC flashover performance of insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(11):3311-3317.
[4]邓霞君,蔡振群,项晓美,等.浙江省空气质量及主要气象因子的影响分析[J].环境科学与技术,2014(增刊2):372-377,395.DENG Xiajun,CAI Zhenqun,XIANG Xiaomei,et al.Air quality in zhejiang province and impact of main meteorological elements[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014(Supplement 2):372-377,395.
[5]律方成,马建桥,汪佛池,等.雾霾天气下动车组支柱绝缘子表面污秽分布规律[J].高电压技术,2014,40(11):3305-3310.LU Fangcheng,MA Jianqiao,WANG Fochi,et al.Pollution distribution rule of insulator surface of insulator surface of locomotives under fog-haze condition[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(11):3305-3310.
[6]李永刚,黄成才,汪佛池,等.雾霾天气对复合绝缘子运行性能的影响[J].电网技术,2014,38(7):1792-1797.LI Yonggang,HUANG Chengcai,WANG Fuchi,et al.Influences of haze weather on operating performance of composite insulators[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(7):1792-1797.
[7]王彬,梁曦东,张轶博,等.交、直流电压下复合绝缘子和瓷绝缘子的自然积污试验[J].高电压技术,2009,35(9):2322-2328.WANG Bin,LIANG Xidong,ZHANG Yibo,et al.Natural pollution test of composite and porcelain insulators under AC and DC stress[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(9):2322-2328.
[8]李恒真,刘刚,李立浧.绝缘子表面自然污秽成份分析及其研究展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(16):128-137.LI Hengzhen,LIU Gang,LI Licheng.Study status and prospect of natural contamination component on insulator surface[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(16):128-137.
[9]宿志一.雾霾天气对输变电设备外绝缘的影响[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2284-2289.SU Zhiyi.Influences of fog-haze on external insulation of transmission and distribution equipments[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(8):2284-2290.
[10]卢明,刘动,陈枫林,等.雾霾环境对积污的影响[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(4):10-13,18.LU Ming,LIU Dong,CHEN Fenglin,et al.Influence of fog-haze environment on pollution[J].Insulator and Surge Arrester,2015(4):10-13,18.
[11]刘小欢.典型伞型结构绝缘子积污特性及其交流污闪特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.LIU Xiaohuan.Study on the pollution accumulation and AC pollution flashover performance of insulators with typical sheds[D].Chongqing,China:Chongqing University,2013.
[12]张小曳,孙俊英,王亚强,等.我国雾-霾成因及其治理的思考[J].科学通报,2013,58(13):1178-1187.ZHANG Xiaoyi,SUN Junying,WANG Yaqiang,et al.Factors contributing to haze and fog in China[J].China Science Bull(Chinese Ver.),2013,58(13):1178-1187.
[13]高峰,李瑶琴,李黎,等.哈郑线河南段带电绝缘子污秽成分及悬挂高度对积污的影响[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2923-2928.GAO Feng,LI Yaoqin,LI Li,et al.Analysis on contamination components of energized insulator of Hami-Zhengzhou overhead line in Henan and influence of installation height on pollution accumulation[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2923-2928.
[14]张建忠,孙瑾,王冠岚,等.北京地区空气质量指数时空分布特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(1):33-39.ZHANG Jianzhong,SUN jin,WANG Guanlan,et al.Space-time distribution of air quality index and its relationship with meteorological conditions[J].Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2014,37(1):33-39.
[15]熊洁,陈楠,操文祥,等.武汉市一次重霾天气AQI演变及气象因子特征分析[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(12):183-187,316.XIONG Jie,CHEN nan,CAO Wenxiang,el al.Study on heavy smog days in wuhan in terms of AQI index and characteristic of meteorological factors[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,38(12):183-187,316.
[16]余德芬,孙才新,顾乐观,等.酸性湿沉降对绝缘子闪络特性影响的表征量研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(4):16-20.YU Defen,SUN Caixin,GU Leguan.The research to token on flashover characteristics of insulator in the acid wet precipitation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2001,21(4):16-20.