农民环境权实现与基层政府环境治理公信力——基于福建省饮用水水源地周边农村的调查
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摘要
农民对环境资源的高度依赖与其在环境资源保护中的弱势地位决定了基层政府环境治理成效对农民环境权实现的重要性。对福建省饮用水水源地周边农民的实地调查发现,农民对自身的环境权认知水平较高,然而维权意识和能力较弱,具有明显的"搭便车"心理,导致维权行动积极性不高。农民对基层政府环境治理高度依赖却又信任不足是其环境维权的尴尬困境,除基层政府环境治理政策的变异执行、农民缺乏民主监督和决策的参与渠道及其"惯性质疑"思维下的非理性归因外,"压力型"制度下基层政府对环境治理不够重视和中央政府在环境治理中的履责艰难也是造成基层政府环境治理公信力危机的重要原因。
The purpose of this study was to improve the trust of rural grassroots government in environment protection and to protect the farmers' environmental right.Based the survey on the drinking water sourcing buffer zone of Nanping city,Fujian province,it proves that farmers have the higher environmental right cognitive,lower consciousness and lake of ability to protect the environmental right,having the obvious "free-rider" psychology and negative activism.What's more,highly dependent on the grass-roots government environmental governance but trust deficiency is the awkward dilemma of farmers' environmental protection.There are many reasons lead to the trust crisis of grass-roots government in environmental governance.The distorted policy,have no channel for farmers to supervise and make decision,and the farmer "inertia question" thinking of irrational attribution are the four important reasons lead to the government environmental credibility crisis.In addition,environmental neglect political incentive formed by "pressure system" and lack of responsibility of the central government in environmental governance are also the important reasons.Therefore,this article suggests that rural environment management should be administrated in an open,participation and cooperation social pattern,governed by multiple subjects.
The purpose of this study was to improve the trust of rural grassroots government in environment protection and to protect the farmers' environmental right.Based the survey on the drinking water sourcing buffer zone of Nanping city,Fujian province,it proves that farmers have the higher environmental right cognitive,lower consciousness and lake of ability to protect the environmental right,having the obvious "free-rider" psychology and negative activism.What's more,highly dependent on the grass-roots government environmental governance but trust deficiency is the awkward dilemma of farmers' environmental protection.There are many reasons lead to the trust crisis of grass-roots government in environmental governance.The distorted policy,have no channel for farmers to supervise and make decision,and the farmer "inertia question" thinking of irrational attribution are the four important reasons lead to the government environmental credibility crisis.In addition,environmental neglect political incentive formed by "pressure system" and lack of responsibility of the central government in environmental governance are also the important reasons.Therefore,this article suggests that rural environment management should be administrated in an open,participation and cooperation social pattern,governed by multiple subjects.
引文
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[13]王维平,马俊伟.论我国农村的垃圾管理[J].中国行政管理,2008:44-47.
[14]张君.农民环境抗争、集体行动的困境与农村治理危机[J].理论导刊,2014(2):20-26.
[15]俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000.
[16]林丽梅,刘振滨,黄森慰,等.农村生活垃圾集中处理的农户认知与行为响应:以治理情境为调节变量[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(2):127-134.
[2]兰竹虹.我国农民环境维权的现状、困境及对策思考[J].农村经济,2008(6).
[3]周蕾.公民参与对地方政府公信力影响研究[D].南京:南京大学,2018.
[4]朱艳丽.论环境治理中的政府责任[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2017,37(3).
[5]张祝平.论农民环境权实现的困境及发展走向[J].社会科学研究,2014(6).
[6]于华江,唐俊.农民环境权保护视角下的乡村环境治理[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版).2012,29(4):124-133.
[7]冉冉.压力型体制下的政治激励与地方环境治理[J].经济社会体制比较,2013(5):111-118.
[8]Lionel V.Pero,Timothy F.Smith.Institutional Credibility and Leadership:Critical Challenges for Community-based Natural Resource Governance in Rural and Remote Australia[J].Regional Environmental Change,2008(8):15-29.
[9]Xavier B.Lastra-Bravo,Carmen Hubbard,Guy Garrod,et al.What Drives Farmers'Participation in EU Agri-environmental Schemes?:Results from a Qualitative Meta-analysis[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2015(54):1-9.
[10]刘细良,刘秀秀.基于政府公信力的环境群体性事件成因及对策分析[J].中国管理科学,2013,21(11):153-158.
[11]朱琳,孙勤芳,鞠昌华,等.农村人居环境综合整治技术管理政策不足及对策[J].生态与农村环境学报,2014,30(6):811-815.
[12]张瑶琼.政府公共服务提供与政府公信力关系的实证研究--基于浙江省的实证研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[13]王维平,马俊伟.论我国农村的垃圾管理[J].中国行政管理,2008:44-47.
[14]张君.农民环境抗争、集体行动的困境与农村治理危机[J].理论导刊,2014(2):20-26.
[15]俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000.
[16]林丽梅,刘振滨,黄森慰,等.农村生活垃圾集中处理的农户认知与行为响应:以治理情境为调节变量[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(2):127-134.
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