基于限流电感电压的多端交直流混合配电网直流故障检测方案
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摘要
直流故障的快速准确检测是多端交直流混合配电网亟需发展的关键技术之一。直流故障电流上升速度快、故障影响范围广,传统的交流故障检测方法不再适用于直流故障。该文提出一种基于直流线路限流电感电压变化率的多端交直流混合配电网直流故障快速检测方案。首先,详细分析了多端交直流混合配电网的直流故障特性,在此基础上,提出了利用直流线路单端限流电感电压变化率检测直流故障的方法。接着,设计了完整的识别故障线路、判断故障类型和故障极的故障检测方案,并研究了相应的阈值选取方法。最后,通过MATLAB仿真平台对所提故障检测方案进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明所提方法不受过渡电阻、故障距离、以及换流站功率反转的影响,能够在故障后迅速确定故障线路、故障类型以及故障极,实现直流故障的快速准确检测,为多端交直流混合配电网保护系统的设计奠定了基础。
Rapid and accurate detection of DC faults is a key technologies for development of multi-terminal hybrid AC/DC distribution networks. DC fault currents rise rapidly after DC fault and traditional AC fault detection methods are no longer suitable for DC faults. A DC fault detection scheme based on voltage change rate of DC current-limiting inductor for multi-terminal hybrid AC/DC distribution network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the characteristics of DC faults are analyzed thoroughly. Based on this, a method detecting DC faults using single-end current-limiting inductor voltage change rate is proposed. Secondly, a comprehensive fault detection scheme identifying faulty line, fault type and faulty pole is designed, and corresponding threshold selection method is studied in detail. Finally, the proposed fault detection scheme is verified with MATLAB simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is accurate and fast enough for different fault resistances and different fault distances, not affected by power reversal of the converters.
Rapid and accurate detection of DC faults is a key technologies for development of multi-terminal hybrid AC/DC distribution networks. DC fault currents rise rapidly after DC fault and traditional AC fault detection methods are no longer suitable for DC faults. A DC fault detection scheme based on voltage change rate of DC current-limiting inductor for multi-terminal hybrid AC/DC distribution network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the characteristics of DC faults are analyzed thoroughly. Based on this, a method detecting DC faults using single-end current-limiting inductor voltage change rate is proposed. Secondly, a comprehensive fault detection scheme identifying faulty line, fault type and faulty pole is designed, and corresponding threshold selection method is studied in detail. Finally, the proposed fault detection scheme is verified with MATLAB simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is accurate and fast enough for different fault resistances and different fault distances, not affected by power reversal of the converters.
引文
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[13]Meghwani A,Srivastava S,Chakrabarti S.A non-unit protection scheme for DC microgrid based on local measurements[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(1):172-181.
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[15]Li R,Xu L,Yao L.DC fault detection and location in meshed multiterminal HVDC systems based on DC reactor voltage change rate[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1516-1526.
[16]毕天姝,王帅,贾科,等.基于短时能量的多端柔性直流单极接地故障线路识别方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):689-695.Bi Tianshu,Wang Shuai,Jia Ke,et al.Short-term energy based approach for monopolar grounding line identification in MMC-MTDCsystems[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):689-695(in Chinese).
[17]王帅,毕天姝,贾科.基于小波时间熵的MMC-HVDC架空线路单极接地故障检测方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2179-2185.Wang Shuai,Bi Tianshu,Jia Ke.Wavelet entropy based single pole grounding fault detection approach for MMC-HVDC overhead lines[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2179-2185(in Chinese).
[18]Liu J,Tai N,Fan C.Transient-voltage based protection scheme for DC line faults in multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1483-1494.
[19]何佳伟,李斌,李晔,等.多端柔性直流电网快速方向纵联保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6878-6887.He Jiawei,Li Bin,Li Ye,et al.A fast directional pilot protection scheme for the MMC-based MTDC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6878-6887(in Chinese).
[20]Liu J,Fan C,Tai N,et al.Transient measured impedance-based protection scheme for DC line faults in ultra high-voltage direct-current System[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(14):3597-3609.
[21]李斌,何佳伟.柔性直流配电系统故障分析及限流方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):3026-3036.Li Bin,He Jiawei.DC fault analysis and current limiting technique for VSC-based DC distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):3206-3036(in Chinese).
[22]Liu J,Tai N,Fan C,et al.A hybrid current-limiting circuit for DCline fault in multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5595-5607.
[23]王艳婷,张保会,范新凯.柔性直流电网架空线路快速保护方案[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):13-19.Wang Yanting,Zhang Baohui,Fan Xinkai.Single-ended protection scheme based on boundary characteristic for the multi-terminal VSC-based DC distribution system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):13-19(in Chinese).
[2]盛万兴,李蕊,李跃,等.直流配电电压等级序列与典型网络架构初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(13):3391-3403.Sheng Wanxing,Li Rui,Li Yue,et al.A preliminary study on voltage level sequence and typical network architecture of direct current distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(13):3391-3403(in Chinese).
[3]宋强,赵彪,刘文华,等.智能直流配电网研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(25):9-19.Song Qiang,Zhao Biao,Liu Wenhua,et al.An overview of research on smart DC distribution power network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(25):9-19(in Chinese).
[4]黄仁乐,蒲天骄,刘克文,等.城市能源互联网功能体系及应用方案设计[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):26-33.Huang Renle,Pu Tianjiao,Liu Kewen,et al.Design of hierarchy and functions of regional energy Internet and its demonstration applications[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):26-33(in Chinese).
[5]Guillod T,Krismer F,Kolar J.Protection of MV converters in the grid:the case of MV/LV solid-state transformers[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging&Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2017,5(1):393-408.
[6]周家培,赵成勇,李承昱,等.基于直流电抗器电压的多端柔性直流电网边界保护方案[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):89-94.Zhou Jiapei,Zhao Chengyong,Li Chengyu,et al.Boundary protection scheme for multi-terminal flexible DC grid based on DC reactor voltage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):89-94(in Chinese).
[7]姚良忠,吴婧,王志冰,等.未来高压直流电网发展形态分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(34):6007-6020.Yao Liangzhong,Wu Jing,Wang Zhibing,et al.Pattern analysis of future HVDC grid development[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(34):6007-6020(in Chinese).
[8]Yang J,Fletcher J E,O'Reilly J.Short-circuit and ground fault analyses and location in VSC-based DC network cables[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(10):3827-3837.
[9]Belda N A,Plet C,Smeets R P P.Analysis of faults in multiterminal HVDC grid for definition of test requirements of HVDC circuit breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,33(1):403-411.
[10]Tang L,Ooi B T.Locating and isolating DC faults in multi-terminal DC systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(3):1877-1884.
[11]Park J D,Candelaria J.Fault detection and isolation in low-voltage DC-bus microgrid system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(2):779-787.
[12]Fletcher S D A,Norman P J,Fong K,et al.High-speed differential protection for smart DC distribution systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2610-2617.
[13]Meghwani A,Srivastava S,Chakrabarti S.A non-unit protection scheme for DC microgrid based on local measurements[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(1):172-181.
[14]Sneath J,Rajapakse A.Fault detection and interruption in an earthed HVDC grid using ROCOV and hybrid DC breakers[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):973-981.
[15]Li R,Xu L,Yao L.DC fault detection and location in meshed multiterminal HVDC systems based on DC reactor voltage change rate[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1516-1526.
[16]毕天姝,王帅,贾科,等.基于短时能量的多端柔性直流单极接地故障线路识别方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):689-695.Bi Tianshu,Wang Shuai,Jia Ke,et al.Short-term energy based approach for monopolar grounding line identification in MMC-MTDCsystems[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):689-695(in Chinese).
[17]王帅,毕天姝,贾科.基于小波时间熵的MMC-HVDC架空线路单极接地故障检测方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2179-2185.Wang Shuai,Bi Tianshu,Jia Ke.Wavelet entropy based single pole grounding fault detection approach for MMC-HVDC overhead lines[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2179-2185(in Chinese).
[18]Liu J,Tai N,Fan C.Transient-voltage based protection scheme for DC line faults in multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1483-1494.
[19]何佳伟,李斌,李晔,等.多端柔性直流电网快速方向纵联保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6878-6887.He Jiawei,Li Bin,Li Ye,et al.A fast directional pilot protection scheme for the MMC-based MTDC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6878-6887(in Chinese).
[20]Liu J,Fan C,Tai N,et al.Transient measured impedance-based protection scheme for DC line faults in ultra high-voltage direct-current System[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(14):3597-3609.
[21]李斌,何佳伟.柔性直流配电系统故障分析及限流方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):3026-3036.Li Bin,He Jiawei.DC fault analysis and current limiting technique for VSC-based DC distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):3206-3036(in Chinese).
[22]Liu J,Tai N,Fan C,et al.A hybrid current-limiting circuit for DCline fault in multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5595-5607.
[23]王艳婷,张保会,范新凯.柔性直流电网架空线路快速保护方案[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):13-19.Wang Yanting,Zhang Baohui,Fan Xinkai.Single-ended protection scheme based on boundary characteristic for the multi-terminal VSC-based DC distribution system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):13-19(in Chinese).