基于流域要素空间关系的水污染溯源研究
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摘要
为快速准确地实现水质监测断面水质超标时的河流水污染溯源,提出整合现有流域要素,构建水污染溯源的流域要素空间关系模型。该模型以划分为4个等级的河段和汇水单元为基础,建立汇水单元层级与上下游河段的编码关系;再将全流域要素与汇水单元建立空间关联关系,构建5个流域要素空间关系子系统模型;最后各子系统模型集聚组成一个相互协作的流域要素空间关系网络。以敖江流域实时水质监测断面为污染溯源触发点,将各个流域要素空间关系子系统模型直接应用于水污染溯源过程,结果表明,建立的关系模型在实际应用中能最大限度地提供污染源空间分布和结构信息,有效地识别和筛选研究区域的水污染引发源,快速缩小未知污染源搜查范围,提高了水污染溯源搜寻过程的效率和精度。
In order to quickly and accurately trace the source of water pollution when the water quality of monitoring section exceeded the standard,a spatial relationship model of basin elements for water pollution traceability was proposed by integrating existing river basin elements. The model was based on four levels of river reach and catchment unit,and established the coding relationship between catchment unit level and upstream and downstream river reach. Then it established the spatial correlation relationship between the whole basin elements and catchment unit,and constructed five subsystem models of the spatial relationship of basin elements. Finally,the subsystem models were aggregated to form a collaborative spatial relationship network of river basin elements. Taking the real-time water quality monitoring section of Aojiang River Basin as the trigger point of pollution traceability,the subsystem model of spatial relationship of elements in each basin was directly applied to the process of water pollution traceability. The results show that the established relationship model can provide the spatial distribution and structure information of pollution sources to the greatest extent in practical application,effectively identify and screen the water pollution sources in the study area,quickly reduce the search scope of unknown pollution sources,and improve the efficiency and accuracy of water pollution traceability search process.
In order to quickly and accurately trace the source of water pollution when the water quality of monitoring section exceeded the standard,a spatial relationship model of basin elements for water pollution traceability was proposed by integrating existing river basin elements. The model was based on four levels of river reach and catchment unit,and established the coding relationship between catchment unit level and upstream and downstream river reach. Then it established the spatial correlation relationship between the whole basin elements and catchment unit,and constructed five subsystem models of the spatial relationship of basin elements. Finally,the subsystem models were aggregated to form a collaborative spatial relationship network of river basin elements. Taking the real-time water quality monitoring section of Aojiang River Basin as the trigger point of pollution traceability,the subsystem model of spatial relationship of elements in each basin was directly applied to the process of water pollution traceability. The results show that the established relationship model can provide the spatial distribution and structure information of pollution sources to the greatest extent in practical application,effectively identify and screen the water pollution sources in the study area,quickly reduce the search scope of unknown pollution sources,and improve the efficiency and accuracy of water pollution traceability search process.
引文
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[9]李雪,曹芳芳,陈先春,等.敏感区域目标污染物空间溯源分析:以新安江流域跨省界断面为例[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(9):1714-1720.(LI Xue,CAO Fangfang,CHEN Xianchun,et al. Spatial source apportionment analysis of target pollutant for sensitive area:a case study in Xin’anjiang River Basin for interprovincial assessment section[J]. China Environmental Science,2013,33(9):1714-1720.(in Chinese))
[10]张玉珍,黄文丹,王智苑,等.福建敖江流域水域生态系统健康评估[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(6):1079-1086.(ZHANG Yuzhen,HUANG Wendan,WANG Zhiyuan,et al. Evaluation of aquatic ecosystem health in Aojiang Basin,Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(6):1079-1086.(in Chinese))
[11]翁笑艳.山仔水库叶绿素a与环境因子的相关分析及富营养化评价[J].干旱环境监测,2006,20(2):73-78.(WENG Xiaoyan. Correlation between Chlorophyll-a and related environmental factors in Shanzi Reservoir[J].Arid Environmental Monitoring,2006,20(2):73-78.(in Chinese))
[12]李小梅,吴春山,庄一庭,等.石板材加工行业的水环境污染特征研究[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,22(4):67-71.(LI Xiaomei,WU Chunshan,ZHUANG Yiting,et al. Pollution characteristics of water environment caused by stone-processing industry[J].Journal of Fujian Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2006,22(4):67-71.(in Chinese))
[2]国家环境保护总局.中国环境状况公报[M].北京:国家环境保护总局,2015.
[3]WEI Guozhen,CHI Zhang,YU Li,et al. Source identification of sudden contamination based on the parameter uncertainty analysis[J]. Journal of Hydroinformatics,2016,18(6):919-927.
[4]邢利英,张国珍.基于改进的共轭梯度算法重构地下水污染源项[J].水资源保护,2017,33(3):42-46.(XING Liying, ZHANG Guozhen. Reconstruction of the groundwater pollution source with improved conjugate gradient algorithm[J]. Water Resources Protection,2017,33(3):42-46.(in Chinese))
[5]姜继平,董芙嘉,刘仁涛,等.基于河流示踪实验的Bayes污染溯源:算法参数、影响因素及频率法对比[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(10):3813-3825.(JIANG Jiping,DONG Fujia,LIU Rentao,et al. Applicability of Bayesian inference approach for pollution source identification of river chemical spills:a tracer experiment based analysis of algorithmic parameters,impacts and comparison with frequentist approaches[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(10):3813-3825.(in Chinese))
[6]刘颖,刘丹.我国流域事故污染源搜索的困境与方法初探[J].水资源与水工程学报,2009,20(1):72-77.(LIU Ying,LIU Dan. Study on the predicament and method in searching a accidental pollution source in watershed[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2009,20(1):72-77.(in Chinese))
[7]郑军,张立,杨常青,等.跨国界流域重金属污染溯源体系框架初步构建[J].水资源保护,2015,31(6):57-61.(ZHENG Jun,ZHANG Li,YANG Changqing,et al. Initial framework construction of sources identification system of heavy metal pollution in trans-boundary river basin[J].Water Resources Protection,2015,31(6):57-61.(in Chinese))
[8]刘颖,朱清新,刘丹.基于最优搜索理论的流域事故污染源搜索新方法[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(11):140-145.(LIU Ying,ZHU Qingxin,LIU Dan. New method for searching accidental pollution source in drainage area based on optimal search theory[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2008,31(11):140-145.(in Chinese))
[9]李雪,曹芳芳,陈先春,等.敏感区域目标污染物空间溯源分析:以新安江流域跨省界断面为例[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(9):1714-1720.(LI Xue,CAO Fangfang,CHEN Xianchun,et al. Spatial source apportionment analysis of target pollutant for sensitive area:a case study in Xin’anjiang River Basin for interprovincial assessment section[J]. China Environmental Science,2013,33(9):1714-1720.(in Chinese))
[10]张玉珍,黄文丹,王智苑,等.福建敖江流域水域生态系统健康评估[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(6):1079-1086.(ZHANG Yuzhen,HUANG Wendan,WANG Zhiyuan,et al. Evaluation of aquatic ecosystem health in Aojiang Basin,Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(6):1079-1086.(in Chinese))
[11]翁笑艳.山仔水库叶绿素a与环境因子的相关分析及富营养化评价[J].干旱环境监测,2006,20(2):73-78.(WENG Xiaoyan. Correlation between Chlorophyll-a and related environmental factors in Shanzi Reservoir[J].Arid Environmental Monitoring,2006,20(2):73-78.(in Chinese))
[12]李小梅,吴春山,庄一庭,等.石板材加工行业的水环境污染特征研究[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,22(4):67-71.(LI Xiaomei,WU Chunshan,ZHUANG Yiting,et al. Pollution characteristics of water environment caused by stone-processing industry[J].Journal of Fujian Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2006,22(4):67-71.(in Chinese))
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