江西相山火山盆地三维地质建模的实践与思考
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摘要
三维地质建模是在地质体空间结构分析的基础上,运用计算机技术,建立可供展示、编辑、计算和输出于一体的数据模型。在江西相山地区地表数字地质填图、深部地球物理勘探、钻探数据分析的基础上,依托GOCAD软件平台建成了5个不同范围、不同数据源的三维地质模型,探索了数字地质填图建模、地质剖面建模和多源数据融合建模3种建模方法。其中数字地质填图建模是很有推广价值的三维建模方法,可以作为地表区域地质填图的一种新型表达方式,也可以作为一种过渡性模型,用作更深层次三维地质调查的工作部署基础和建模约束条件。三维地质建模强调多源数据的有机融合与相互印证,需要地质、物探、信息技术多学科融合,在3D空间里理解所有地质体、地质现象的几何形态和成因关系。
The 3D geological modeling is a data model based on the analysis of geological spatial structure for displaying, editing,counting and outputting by the computer technology. In the 1980s, China began to carry out 3D modeling work on important geological sections such as sedimentary basins and deposits. In 2012, the CGS officially launched the pilot work of the 3D geological survey, and combined 3D geological modeling with regional geological mapping. 3D geological model from Xiangshan volcanic basin was built in 5 different scales and different data sources in the GOCAD(Geological Object Computer Aid Design) software platform,and three modeling methods were explored, i.e., digital geological mapping modeling, geological profile modeling and multi-source data fusion modeling. It integrated the surface of digital geological mapping in Xiangshan area with deep geophysical exploration and the analysis of drilling data. The digital geological mapping modeling has the great popularization value since it not only can be usedas a new way of expression of surface regional geological mapping but also can be used as a transitional model for deeper level's 3D geological survey deployment foundation and the modeling constraints. 3D dimensional geological modeling emphasizes the organic integration of multi-source data and confirmation with each other, and the need of merging geological and geophysical exploration results, information technology, and multi-disciplinary integration. 3D modeling is an effective method for understanding geological features of the geological bodies, geometry of geological phenomena and paragenesis of formation in the 3D space.
The 3D geological modeling is a data model based on the analysis of geological spatial structure for displaying, editing,counting and outputting by the computer technology. In the 1980s, China began to carry out 3D modeling work on important geological sections such as sedimentary basins and deposits. In 2012, the CGS officially launched the pilot work of the 3D geological survey, and combined 3D geological modeling with regional geological mapping. 3D geological model from Xiangshan volcanic basin was built in 5 different scales and different data sources in the GOCAD(Geological Object Computer Aid Design) software platform,and three modeling methods were explored, i.e., digital geological mapping modeling, geological profile modeling and multi-source data fusion modeling. It integrated the surface of digital geological mapping in Xiangshan area with deep geophysical exploration and the analysis of drilling data. The digital geological mapping modeling has the great popularization value since it not only can be usedas a new way of expression of surface regional geological mapping but also can be used as a transitional model for deeper level's 3D geological survey deployment foundation and the modeling constraints. 3D dimensional geological modeling emphasizes the organic integration of multi-source data and confirmation with each other, and the need of merging geological and geophysical exploration results, information technology, and multi-disciplinary integration. 3D modeling is an effective method for understanding geological features of the geological bodies, geometry of geological phenomena and paragenesis of formation in the 3D space.
引文
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[5]Dekemp E A.3-D visualization of structural field data:examples from the Archean Caopatina Formation,Abitibi greenstone belt,Quebec,Canada[J].Computer&Geosciences,2000,26(5):509-530.
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[7]柯丹,韩绍阳,侯惠群,等.三维可视化技术在矿产资源勘探领域中的应用探讨[J].世界核地质科学,2005,22(2):108-113.
[8]吕鹏,张炜,刘国,等.国外重要地质调查机构三维地质填图工作进展[J].国土资源情报,2013,3:13-18.
[9]Larry D B.A new map of crustal‘terranes’in the united states from COCORP deep seismic reflection profiling[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1991,105:3-13.
[10]DEKORP Research Group.Results of deep reflection seismic profiling in the Oberpfalz(Bavaria)[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical society,1987,89(1):353-360.
[11]DEKORP Research group.Results of the DEKORP 1(BELCORP-DEKORP)deep seismic reflection studies in the western part of the Rhenish Massif[J].Geophysical Journal International,1991,106(1):203-227.
[12]DEKORP Basin Research Group.The north German basin and its development[J].Pure ppl.Geohys.,1999,27:55-58.
[13]Meissner R,Rabbel W.Nature of crustal reflectivity along the DEKORP profiles in Germany in comparison with reflection patterns from different tectonic units worldwide:a review[J].Pure Appl.Geohys.,1999,156:7-28.
[14]Ron M C,Philip T C,Hammer,G F V,et al.Lithospheric strcture in northwestern Canada from Lithoprobe seismic refraction and related studies:a synthesis[J].Can.J.Earth Sci.,2005,42:1277-1293.
[15]董树文,李廷栋,Sino Probe团队.深部探测技术与实验研究(Sino Probe)[J].地球学报,2011,32(增刊):3-23.
[16]Turner A K.Three-Dimensional modeling with Geoscientific information systems[M].Kluwer Academic Publishers,1992:1-433.
[17]Mallet J L.Discrete smooth interpolation[J].ACM Transaction on Graphics,1989,8(2):121-144.
[18]Mallet J L.Space-time mathematical framework for sedimentary geology[J].Mathematical Geology,2004,36(1):1-32.
[19]Deekmp E A.Three-dimensional projection of curvilinear geological features through direction cosine interpolation of structural field observations[J].Computers&Geosciences,1998,24(3):269-284.
[20]Dekemp E A.Interpretive tools for 3-D structural geological modeling partⅠ:Bézier-based curves,ribbons and grip frames[J].GeoInformatica,2003,7(1):55-71.
[21]Hillier M J,Schetselaar E M,Dekemp E A,et al.Three-dimensional modeling of geological surfaces using generalized interpolation with radial basis functions[J].Math.Geosci.,2014,46:931-953.
[22]Keppel E.Approximating complex surfaces by triangulation of contour lines[J].IBM Journal of Research and Development,1975,19(1):2-11.
[23]Tipper J C.The study of geological objects in three dimensions by the computerized reconstruction of serial sections[J].The Journal of Geology,1976,84(4):476-484.
[24]Tipper J C.A method and fortran program for the computerized reconstruction of three-dimensional objects from serial sections[J].Computers&Geosciences,1977,3(4):579-599.
[25]Herbert M H,Jones C B,Tudhope D S.Three-dimensional reconstruction of geoscientific objects from serial sections[J].Visual Computer,1995,11(7):343-359.
[26]Lemon A M,Jones N L.Building solid models from boreholes and user-defined cross-sections[J].Computers&Geosciences,2003,29(5):547-555.
[27]Djebbi M,Gabtni H.3D gravity modeling of a salt structure associated to the Trozza-Labaied lineament(central tunisia)constrained by seismic and borehole data[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2015,103:71-80.
[28]Minimo L G,Lagmay A M F A.3D modeling of the Buhi debris avalanche deposit of Iriga volcano,Philippines by integrating shallow-seismic reflection and geological data[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2016,319:106-123.
[29]Naseem A,Ghulam M S.3D geological modeling of Punjab platform,middle indus basin Pakistan through integration of wireline logs and seismic data[J].Journal Geological Society India,2014,83:211-217.
[30]Kaufmann O,Martin T.3D geological modeling from boreholes,cross-sections and geological maps,application over former natural gas storages in coal mines[J].Computers&Geosciences,2008,34(3):278-290.
[31]Lemon A M,Jones N L.Building solid models from boreholes and user-defined cross-sections[J].Computers&Geosciences,2003,29(5):547-555.
[32]魏世臧,郭春茂,周仰贞.葛洲坝工程二江泄水闸抗滑稳定的三维地质力学模型实验研究[J].水利学报,1983,6:36-44.
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