长江三角洲南翼第四纪沉积层序及其与古环境演变的耦合
|
摘要
为研究长江三角洲南翼第四纪地层划分及其与古环境演变的耦合关系,对长江三角洲南翼的第四系BZK02孔(孔深322. 1 m,取芯率大于96%),进行沉积物粒度、孢粉和微体古生物分析,结合岩性地层讨论了上新世以来钻孔揭示的孢粉组合、古环境演化、沉积层序和古气候特征。结果表明,研究区上新世以来经历了多次环境变化,孢粉类型鉴定133种,有孔虫鉴定17属29种,介形类鉴定7属8种。钻孔自下而上揭示岩性第四纪沉积地层依次为上新统嘉兴组一段(299. 8～322. 0 m)、早更新统嘉兴组(160～299. 8 m)、中更新统前港组(87. 3～160. 0 m)、晚更新统东浦组(72. 0～87. 3 m)、晚更新统宁波组(18. 6～72. 0 m)、全新统镇海组(0～18. 6 m)。古环境演化主要表现为上新世以残积坡、河流沉积为主,气候温冷偏湿;早更新世以河流相、河湖相沉积为主,气候经历温暖湿润-寒冷干燥变化的2个旋回;中更新世早期为河流-滨海相沉积,气候温暖湿润,晚期为河湖相沉积为主,气候温凉干燥;晚更新世以河湖、潮坪、河口沉积环境为主,气候经历温暖湿润-温暖偏干-温暖偏湿-寒冷干燥变化;全新世以浅海相、河湖相、湖沼相沉积环境,气候特征早期为干冷,晚期温暖偏干。
The sediment granularity,sporopollen and micropaleontology analysis of quaternary BZK02 bore( depth: 322. 1 m,core-taking rate > 96%) of the south wing of Yangtze River delta has been carried out. The sporopollen assemblage,sedimentary environment evolution,sedimentary facies and paleoclimate characteristics revealed by bore since the Pliocene was discussed,and the quaternary stratigraphic division and paleoenvironment was studied. The results showed that since the Pliocene,133 species of sporopollen,29 species of foraminifera,7 genera and 8 species of foraminifera had been identified. Bore reveals that the lithologic quaternary strata are in turn the first member of Jiaxing formation( 299. 8 ～ 322. 0 m),the Jiaxing formation of early Pleistocene( 160 ～299. 8 m) and the Qiangang formation of middle Pleistocene( 87. 3 ～ 160. 0 m). The late Pleistocene Dongpu formation( 72. 0 ～ 87. 3 m),the late Pleistocene Ningbo formation( 18. 6 ～ 72. 0 m) and the new Pleistocene Zhenhai formation( 0 ～ 18. 6 m). The evolution of paleoenvironment is mainly represented by residual slope,fluvial deposition and warm,cold and wet climate. In the early Pleistocene,fluvial facies and lacustrine facies were the main deposits,and the climate experienced two cycles of warm,humid,cold and dry changes. In the early middle Pleistocene,river-shore marine facies was deposited,the climate was warm and humid,the late period was dominated by fluvial and lacustrine facies,and the climate was warm,cool and dry. The late Pleistocene was dominated by river and lake,tidal flat and estuary sedimentary environment. The climate experienced warm and humid,warm and dry,warm and wet,cold and dry. The sedimentary environment of the Holocene is shallow sea facies,river and lake facies,lake and marsh facies,and the climate is dry and cold in the early stage and warm and dry in the late period.
The sediment granularity,sporopollen and micropaleontology analysis of quaternary BZK02 bore( depth: 322. 1 m,core-taking rate > 96%) of the south wing of Yangtze River delta has been carried out. The sporopollen assemblage,sedimentary environment evolution,sedimentary facies and paleoclimate characteristics revealed by bore since the Pliocene was discussed,and the quaternary stratigraphic division and paleoenvironment was studied. The results showed that since the Pliocene,133 species of sporopollen,29 species of foraminifera,7 genera and 8 species of foraminifera had been identified. Bore reveals that the lithologic quaternary strata are in turn the first member of Jiaxing formation( 299. 8 ～ 322. 0 m),the Jiaxing formation of early Pleistocene( 160 ～299. 8 m) and the Qiangang formation of middle Pleistocene( 87. 3 ～ 160. 0 m). The late Pleistocene Dongpu formation( 72. 0 ～ 87. 3 m),the late Pleistocene Ningbo formation( 18. 6 ～ 72. 0 m) and the new Pleistocene Zhenhai formation( 0 ～ 18. 6 m). The evolution of paleoenvironment is mainly represented by residual slope,fluvial deposition and warm,cold and wet climate. In the early Pleistocene,fluvial facies and lacustrine facies were the main deposits,and the climate experienced two cycles of warm,humid,cold and dry changes. In the early middle Pleistocene,river-shore marine facies was deposited,the climate was warm and humid,the late period was dominated by fluvial and lacustrine facies,and the climate was warm,cool and dry. The late Pleistocene was dominated by river and lake,tidal flat and estuary sedimentary environment. The climate experienced warm and humid,warm and dry,warm and wet,cold and dry. The sedimentary environment of the Holocene is shallow sea facies,river and lake facies,lake and marsh facies,and the climate is dry and cold in the early stage and warm and dry in the late period.
引文
1 Chen Q,Li C,Li P,et al. Late Quaternary palaeosols in the Yangtze Delta,China,and their palaeoenvironmental implications[J]. Geomorphology,2008,100(3-4):465-483
2 Miao Y,Ping Z,Lu S,et al. Late Quaternary pollen records from the Yangtze River Delta,East China,and its implications for the Asian monsoon evolution[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(10):7845-7854
3 刘杜娟,叶银灿.长江三角洲地区的相对海平面上升与地面沉降[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(4):400-404Liu Dujuan,Ye Yincan. Relative sea surface rise and land subsidence in Changjiang Delta Area[J]. Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2005,16(4):400-404
4 张玉兰.长江三角洲前缘地区晚第四纪沉积的孢粉与环境研究[J].海洋学报(中文版),2005,27(4):82-87Zhang Yulan. Studies on sporo-pollen and environment of Late Quaternary on the front edge of Changjiang River Delta[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2005,27(4):82-87
5 Miao W,Li S,Fen J,et al. Stratigraphic division of NB5 core in the Yangtze delta area and its environmental change information[J]. Geology in China,2016,43(6):200-213
6 王张华,赵宝成,陈静,等.长江三角洲地区晚第四纪年代地层框架及两次海侵问题的初步探讨[J].古地理学报,2008,10(1):99-110Wang Zhanghua,Zhao Baocheng,Chen Jing,et al. Chronostratigraphy and two transgressions during the late Quaternary in Changjiang Delta Area[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(1):99-110
7 赵宝成.长江三角洲前缘晚第四纪层序特征及冰后期海平面波动沉积响应[J].上海国土资源,2013,34(2):50-54Zhao Baocheng. Late Quaternary sequence stratigraphy of the Yangtze River Delta-Front area with special reference to the response of the sedimentary environment to postglacial sea-level change[J]. Shanghai Land&Resources,2013,34(2):50-54
8 杨云平,李义天,孙昭华,等.长江口邻近陆架表层沉积物变化特征及成因[J].沉积学报,2014,32(5):863-872Yang Yunping,Li Yitian,Sun Zhaohua,et al. Surface sediment in the nearby shelf of the Yangtze River:Change and causes[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(5):863-872
9 Zhao X,Hu D,Wu Z,et al. Reviews on the ressearch of late cenozoic geology and environment of the Yangtze River Delta area[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2017,23(1):4-67
10 Su J,Fan D,Leng W,et al. Postglacial sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary environment evolution of the Yangtze River subaqueous delta[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2017,19(3):541-556
11 白雪莘,张卫国,董艳,等.长江三角洲全新世地层中潮滩沉积磁性特征及其古环境意义[J].沉积学报,2016,34(6):1165-1175Bai Xuexin,Zhang Weiguo,Dong Yan,et al. Magnetic properties of holocene tidal flats in the Yangtze Delta and their paleoenvironmental implications[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2016,34(6):1165-1175
12 Shu J,Wang W,Chen Y. Sedimentary characteristics of the palaeochannel and environment evolution during the Holocene in the NW Taihu Plain,Yangtze River Delta[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy,2008; 32(2):146-152
13 吴洁,刘春莲,张素青,等.珠江三角洲东部晚第四纪微体动物群的古环境意义[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(6):45-52Wu Jie,Liu Chunlian,Zhang Suqing,et al. Palaeoenvironmental significance of late quaternary microfaunas in the eastern Pearl river delta[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2014,53(6):45-52
14 黄向青,梁开,夏真,等.北部湾北部上更新统的沉积特征及其记录的古环境[J].第四纪研究,2018,38(2):454-471Huang Xiangqing,Liang Kai,Xia Zhen,et al. The sedimentary characteristics of Upper Pleistocene and its palaeo-environmental records in northern Beibu Gulf[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2018,38(2):454-471
15 Ma X,Yu Y,Jiang R,et al. Grain-size analysis of the quaternary sediments in Borehole ZKA4 in the Yangtze River Delta and its paleoenvironment and paleoclimate implications[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy,2015(4):76-85
16 王秋根,杨文光,朱利东,等.青藏邛多江盆地40. 4~30. 0calkaBP湖相沉积物粒度特征及其古气候意义[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(4):1-7Wang Qiugen,Yang Wenguang,Zhu Lidong,et al. Particle size characteristics and their climatic significance of Qiongduojiang Basin lacustrine sediment in Qinghai—Tibet Plateau in 40. 4~30. 0 calka BP[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(4):1-7
17 陈静,李晓,王张华,等.长江三角洲120kaB. P.以来孢粉记录反映的古气候变化及其与海平面的耦合[J].海洋科学,2009,32(2):68-73Chen Jing,Li Xiao,Wang Zhanghua,et al. Paleoclimate and sea level fluctuations in Shanghai region:Sporo-pollen implications during the past 120000 years[J]. Marine Sciences,2009,32(2):68-73
18 钟泽红,刘娟,徐万兴,等.北部湾盆地乌石凹陷流二段孢粉相与三角洲~湖底扇沉积体系[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(3):7-15Zhong Zehong,Liu Juan,Xu Wanxing,et al. Palynofacies and sedimentary systems of the delta and the sublacustrine fan in the 2nd member of liushagang formation of Wushi Sag,Beibuwan Basin[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(3):7-15
19 刘晓燕,袁四化,刘智荣,等.北京平原东北部晚更新世晚期金鸡河一级阶地孢粉记录[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(33):5-9Liu Xiaoyan,Yuan Sihua,Liu Zhirong,et al. Sporopollen record in Jinji River level terrace during the late late Pleistocene in northeast Beijing Plain[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(33):5-9
20 刘春莲,Fürsich Franz T,董艺辛,等.珠江三角洲PRD05孔的高分辨率介形类记录与晚第四纪古环境重建[J].古地理学报,2008,10(3):313-322Liu Chunlian,Fürsich Franz T,Dong Yixin,et al. High resolution outraced records of borehole PRD05 and the late Quaternary palaeoenvironment in Pearl River Delta[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(3):313-322
21 李泉,赵艳.基于孢粉组合定量重建古植物多样性的方法与进展[J].第四纪研究,2018,38(4):821-829Li Quan,Zhao Yan. Quantitative methods and progress of paleo-floristic diversity reconstruction based on pollen assemblages[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2018,38(4):821-829
22 林清龙,林楠,马宏杰.杭州湾南岸慈溪地区晚第四纪沉积与古环境演化[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(9):1-8Lin Qinglong,Lin Nan,Ma Hongjie. Late Quaternary sediments and paleoenvironmental evolution in Cixi,Hangzhou Bay south coast area[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(9):1-8
23 Gao L,Long H,Zhang P,et al. The sedimentary evolution of Yangtze River delta since MIS3:A new chronology evidence revealed by OSL dating[J]. Quaternary Geochronology,2019,49(2):153-158
24 梁文君,肖传桃,肖胜.川西地区中二叠世-中三叠世微量、常量元素与古环境、古气候关系研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(11):14-24Liang Wenjun,Xiao Chuantao,Xiao Sheng. Study on relationships between paleoenvironment,paleoclimate of middle Permian-middle Triassic and Constant,trace elements in Western Sichuan[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(11):14-24
25 丁国强,申改慧,李月丛,等.泥河湾盆地上新世末期植被与气候变化的孢粉学记录[J].第四纪研究,2018,38(2):336-347Ding Guoqiang,Shen Gaihui,Li Yuecong,et al. Late Pliocene palynological records of vegetation and climate changes in the Nihewan Basin[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2018,38(2):336-347
26 马宏杰,张世涛,张奥博,等.滇西兰坪盆地上新世古环境分析[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(23):1-6Ma Hongjie,Zhang Shitao,Zhang Aobo,et al. Analysis of paleoenvironment during the late Pliocene of Lanping Basin,Western Yunnan,China[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(23):1-6
27 王张华,丘金波,冉莉华,等.长江三角洲南部地区晚更新世年代地层和海水进退[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(4):1-8Wang Zhanghua,Qiu Jinbo,Ran Lihua,et al. Chronostratigraphy and transgression/regression during late Pleistocene in the Southern Changjiang(Yangtze)River Delta Plain[J]. Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2004,24(4):1-8
28 于俊杰,劳金秀,蒋仁,等.基于多重地层对比研究还原长江三角洲北翼晚第四纪古环境演变[J].地质通报,2016,35(10):1692-1704Yu Junjie,Lao Jinxiu,Jiang Ren,et al. Reconstruction of the Late Quaternary palaeoenvi-ronment on the north wing of Yangtze River Delta,based on comparative study of the multistratigraphies[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(10):1692-1704
29 Pan D,Chen T,Zhan Q,et al. Mineral magnetic properties of Holocene sediments in the subaqueous Yangtze delta and the implications for human activity and early diagenesis[J]. Quaternary International,2017,459(30):133-143
2 Miao Y,Ping Z,Lu S,et al. Late Quaternary pollen records from the Yangtze River Delta,East China,and its implications for the Asian monsoon evolution[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(10):7845-7854
3 刘杜娟,叶银灿.长江三角洲地区的相对海平面上升与地面沉降[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(4):400-404Liu Dujuan,Ye Yincan. Relative sea surface rise and land subsidence in Changjiang Delta Area[J]. Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2005,16(4):400-404
4 张玉兰.长江三角洲前缘地区晚第四纪沉积的孢粉与环境研究[J].海洋学报(中文版),2005,27(4):82-87Zhang Yulan. Studies on sporo-pollen and environment of Late Quaternary on the front edge of Changjiang River Delta[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2005,27(4):82-87
5 Miao W,Li S,Fen J,et al. Stratigraphic division of NB5 core in the Yangtze delta area and its environmental change information[J]. Geology in China,2016,43(6):200-213
6 王张华,赵宝成,陈静,等.长江三角洲地区晚第四纪年代地层框架及两次海侵问题的初步探讨[J].古地理学报,2008,10(1):99-110Wang Zhanghua,Zhao Baocheng,Chen Jing,et al. Chronostratigraphy and two transgressions during the late Quaternary in Changjiang Delta Area[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(1):99-110
7 赵宝成.长江三角洲前缘晚第四纪层序特征及冰后期海平面波动沉积响应[J].上海国土资源,2013,34(2):50-54Zhao Baocheng. Late Quaternary sequence stratigraphy of the Yangtze River Delta-Front area with special reference to the response of the sedimentary environment to postglacial sea-level change[J]. Shanghai Land&Resources,2013,34(2):50-54
8 杨云平,李义天,孙昭华,等.长江口邻近陆架表层沉积物变化特征及成因[J].沉积学报,2014,32(5):863-872Yang Yunping,Li Yitian,Sun Zhaohua,et al. Surface sediment in the nearby shelf of the Yangtze River:Change and causes[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(5):863-872
9 Zhao X,Hu D,Wu Z,et al. Reviews on the ressearch of late cenozoic geology and environment of the Yangtze River Delta area[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2017,23(1):4-67
10 Su J,Fan D,Leng W,et al. Postglacial sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary environment evolution of the Yangtze River subaqueous delta[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2017,19(3):541-556
11 白雪莘,张卫国,董艳,等.长江三角洲全新世地层中潮滩沉积磁性特征及其古环境意义[J].沉积学报,2016,34(6):1165-1175Bai Xuexin,Zhang Weiguo,Dong Yan,et al. Magnetic properties of holocene tidal flats in the Yangtze Delta and their paleoenvironmental implications[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2016,34(6):1165-1175
12 Shu J,Wang W,Chen Y. Sedimentary characteristics of the palaeochannel and environment evolution during the Holocene in the NW Taihu Plain,Yangtze River Delta[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy,2008; 32(2):146-152
13 吴洁,刘春莲,张素青,等.珠江三角洲东部晚第四纪微体动物群的古环境意义[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(6):45-52Wu Jie,Liu Chunlian,Zhang Suqing,et al. Palaeoenvironmental significance of late quaternary microfaunas in the eastern Pearl river delta[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2014,53(6):45-52
14 黄向青,梁开,夏真,等.北部湾北部上更新统的沉积特征及其记录的古环境[J].第四纪研究,2018,38(2):454-471Huang Xiangqing,Liang Kai,Xia Zhen,et al. The sedimentary characteristics of Upper Pleistocene and its palaeo-environmental records in northern Beibu Gulf[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2018,38(2):454-471
15 Ma X,Yu Y,Jiang R,et al. Grain-size analysis of the quaternary sediments in Borehole ZKA4 in the Yangtze River Delta and its paleoenvironment and paleoclimate implications[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy,2015(4):76-85
16 王秋根,杨文光,朱利东,等.青藏邛多江盆地40. 4~30. 0calkaBP湖相沉积物粒度特征及其古气候意义[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(4):1-7Wang Qiugen,Yang Wenguang,Zhu Lidong,et al. Particle size characteristics and their climatic significance of Qiongduojiang Basin lacustrine sediment in Qinghai—Tibet Plateau in 40. 4~30. 0 calka BP[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(4):1-7
17 陈静,李晓,王张华,等.长江三角洲120kaB. P.以来孢粉记录反映的古气候变化及其与海平面的耦合[J].海洋科学,2009,32(2):68-73Chen Jing,Li Xiao,Wang Zhanghua,et al. Paleoclimate and sea level fluctuations in Shanghai region:Sporo-pollen implications during the past 120000 years[J]. Marine Sciences,2009,32(2):68-73
18 钟泽红,刘娟,徐万兴,等.北部湾盆地乌石凹陷流二段孢粉相与三角洲~湖底扇沉积体系[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(3):7-15Zhong Zehong,Liu Juan,Xu Wanxing,et al. Palynofacies and sedimentary systems of the delta and the sublacustrine fan in the 2nd member of liushagang formation of Wushi Sag,Beibuwan Basin[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(3):7-15
19 刘晓燕,袁四化,刘智荣,等.北京平原东北部晚更新世晚期金鸡河一级阶地孢粉记录[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(33):5-9Liu Xiaoyan,Yuan Sihua,Liu Zhirong,et al. Sporopollen record in Jinji River level terrace during the late late Pleistocene in northeast Beijing Plain[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(33):5-9
20 刘春莲,Fürsich Franz T,董艺辛,等.珠江三角洲PRD05孔的高分辨率介形类记录与晚第四纪古环境重建[J].古地理学报,2008,10(3):313-322Liu Chunlian,Fürsich Franz T,Dong Yixin,et al. High resolution outraced records of borehole PRD05 and the late Quaternary palaeoenvironment in Pearl River Delta[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(3):313-322
21 李泉,赵艳.基于孢粉组合定量重建古植物多样性的方法与进展[J].第四纪研究,2018,38(4):821-829Li Quan,Zhao Yan. Quantitative methods and progress of paleo-floristic diversity reconstruction based on pollen assemblages[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2018,38(4):821-829
22 林清龙,林楠,马宏杰.杭州湾南岸慈溪地区晚第四纪沉积与古环境演化[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(9):1-8Lin Qinglong,Lin Nan,Ma Hongjie. Late Quaternary sediments and paleoenvironmental evolution in Cixi,Hangzhou Bay south coast area[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(9):1-8
23 Gao L,Long H,Zhang P,et al. The sedimentary evolution of Yangtze River delta since MIS3:A new chronology evidence revealed by OSL dating[J]. Quaternary Geochronology,2019,49(2):153-158
24 梁文君,肖传桃,肖胜.川西地区中二叠世-中三叠世微量、常量元素与古环境、古气候关系研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(11):14-24Liang Wenjun,Xiao Chuantao,Xiao Sheng. Study on relationships between paleoenvironment,paleoclimate of middle Permian-middle Triassic and Constant,trace elements in Western Sichuan[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(11):14-24
25 丁国强,申改慧,李月丛,等.泥河湾盆地上新世末期植被与气候变化的孢粉学记录[J].第四纪研究,2018,38(2):336-347Ding Guoqiang,Shen Gaihui,Li Yuecong,et al. Late Pliocene palynological records of vegetation and climate changes in the Nihewan Basin[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2018,38(2):336-347
26 马宏杰,张世涛,张奥博,等.滇西兰坪盆地上新世古环境分析[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(23):1-6Ma Hongjie,Zhang Shitao,Zhang Aobo,et al. Analysis of paleoenvironment during the late Pliocene of Lanping Basin,Western Yunnan,China[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(23):1-6
27 王张华,丘金波,冉莉华,等.长江三角洲南部地区晚更新世年代地层和海水进退[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(4):1-8Wang Zhanghua,Qiu Jinbo,Ran Lihua,et al. Chronostratigraphy and transgression/regression during late Pleistocene in the Southern Changjiang(Yangtze)River Delta Plain[J]. Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2004,24(4):1-8
28 于俊杰,劳金秀,蒋仁,等.基于多重地层对比研究还原长江三角洲北翼晚第四纪古环境演变[J].地质通报,2016,35(10):1692-1704Yu Junjie,Lao Jinxiu,Jiang Ren,et al. Reconstruction of the Late Quaternary palaeoenvi-ronment on the north wing of Yangtze River Delta,based on comparative study of the multistratigraphies[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(10):1692-1704
29 Pan D,Chen T,Zhan Q,et al. Mineral magnetic properties of Holocene sediments in the subaqueous Yangtze delta and the implications for human activity and early diagenesis[J]. Quaternary International,2017,459(30):133-143