不同平茬年限人工柠条林光合特性及土壤水分的响应变化
|
摘要
平茬是荒漠草原老化人工柠条林营林抚育的重要措施,为系统认识柠条平茬后连续的生理与生态响应过程及其变化规律,该研究设置对比观测样地,以未平茬柠条(WPC)为对照,以平茬后连续生长1～5年(PC1～PC5)的柠条为处理,对各样地柠条净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、水分利用效率等光合生理特征及其土壤含水量分布的影响进行测定分析。结果表明:(1)平茬处理对柠条生理特性的影响因平茬年限的增加而异,其中PC1和PC2柠条的净光合速率和蒸腾速率较WPC略有提高,PC1柠条处于补偿生长的活跃期,水分利用效率明显高于其他平茬处理,PC2柠条的水分利用效率开始下降;PC3和PC4的柠条蒸腾速率、净光合速率和气孔导度显著上升,且PC4处理下达到最大值,相应水分利用效率也逐步回升;PC5的柠条几乎不存在补偿性生长,净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率开始回落,逐渐接近WPC;平茬措施对PC1与PC5柠条胞间CO2浓度大小的影响较大。(2)PC1的土壤水分含量在0～100cm土层因受冠层截留大幅减小的影响而低于其他年限平茬处理;PC2的土壤水分略有改善,PC3、PC4的土壤含水量显著提高,PC5的土壤水分状况则逐渐接近于WPC。(3)随平茬年限的增加,柠条光合特性与土壤含水量间存在一定的动态互馈关系,其中PC1的土壤水分略有下降,柠条生长减缓;PC2土壤含水量逐步恢复;PC3土壤含水量增长幅度开始下降,柠条的各项生理指标上升;PC4柠条的光合生理指标、土壤含水量都达到了最高值;PC5柠条的各项指标开始下降。研究发现,PC4处理是柠条光合生理和土壤水分响应变化的拐点,可参考作为平茬柠条优化管理的一个时间节点。
Pruning is an important measure for the aging of artificial Caragana intermedia in the desertsteppe.It is a systematic understanding of the physiological and ecological response processes and their changes after the pruning of C.intermedia.The study sets a comparative observation plot to and using unpruned C.intermedia(WPC)as a control,and photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_2 concentration,water use efficiency of C.intermedia were treated that continuously grown for 1 to 5 years(PC1-PC5).The photosynthetic physiological characteristics and the effects of soil water content and distribution were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)the effect of pruning treatment on the physiological characteristics of C.intermedia was different due to the increase in the number of pruning years.The photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of PC1 and PC2 were slightly higher than that of WPC,and PC1 was in the active period of compensatory growth,and its water use efficiency was significantly higher than that in other pruning years of C.intermedia.The water use efficiency of C.intermediain PC2 began to decrease.The transpiration rate,photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of PC3 and PC4 increased significantly,reached the maximum value in PC4 as well as the corresponding water use efficiency gradually recovered.Pruning measures had a greater impact on the intercellular CO_2 concentration of C.intermediain PC1 and PC5.(2)The water status of C.intermediain PC1 was lower than that of other pruning years because the soil water content was significantly reduced by canopy closure at 0-100 cm;the soil water of C.intermediain PC2 was slightly improved and it of C.intermediain PC3 and PC4 was significantly increased,and the soil water status of C.intermediain PC5 was gradually closer to that of WPC C.intermedia.(3)With the increase in the number of pruning years,there is a dynamic relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and soil water content of C.intermedia.The soil moisture of PC1 is slightly decreased,and the growth slowed down.The soil profile water content of C.intermediain PC2 gradually recovered,and the growth rate of soil water content of C.intermediain PC3 began to decline and the physiological indexes increased.The physiological indicators and soil water content of C.intermediain PC4 reached its highest value.The indicators of PC5 began to decline.In summary,PC4 treatment is the inflection point of photosynthetic physiology and soil water response of C.intermedia,which can be used as a time node for optimal management of pruning C.intermedia.
Pruning is an important measure for the aging of artificial Caragana intermedia in the desertsteppe.It is a systematic understanding of the physiological and ecological response processes and their changes after the pruning of C.intermedia.The study sets a comparative observation plot to and using unpruned C.intermedia(WPC)as a control,and photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_2 concentration,water use efficiency of C.intermedia were treated that continuously grown for 1 to 5 years(PC1-PC5).The photosynthetic physiological characteristics and the effects of soil water content and distribution were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)the effect of pruning treatment on the physiological characteristics of C.intermedia was different due to the increase in the number of pruning years.The photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of PC1 and PC2 were slightly higher than that of WPC,and PC1 was in the active period of compensatory growth,and its water use efficiency was significantly higher than that in other pruning years of C.intermedia.The water use efficiency of C.intermediain PC2 began to decrease.The transpiration rate,photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of PC3 and PC4 increased significantly,reached the maximum value in PC4 as well as the corresponding water use efficiency gradually recovered.Pruning measures had a greater impact on the intercellular CO_2 concentration of C.intermediain PC1 and PC5.(2)The water status of C.intermediain PC1 was lower than that of other pruning years because the soil water content was significantly reduced by canopy closure at 0-100 cm;the soil water of C.intermediain PC2 was slightly improved and it of C.intermediain PC3 and PC4 was significantly increased,and the soil water status of C.intermediain PC5 was gradually closer to that of WPC C.intermedia.(3)With the increase in the number of pruning years,there is a dynamic relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and soil water content of C.intermedia.The soil moisture of PC1 is slightly decreased,and the growth slowed down.The soil profile water content of C.intermediain PC2 gradually recovered,and the growth rate of soil water content of C.intermediain PC3 began to decline and the physiological indexes increased.The physiological indicators and soil water content of C.intermediain PC4 reached its highest value.The indicators of PC5 began to decline.In summary,PC4 treatment is the inflection point of photosynthetic physiology and soil water response of C.intermedia,which can be used as a time node for optimal management of pruning C.intermedia.
引文
[1]王志会,夏新莉,尹伟伦.我国柠条抗旱性研究现状[J].河北林果研究,2006,(4):388-391.WANG Z H,XIA X L,YIN W L.The developmental status of Caragana drought resistance[J].Hebei Journal of Forestry and Orchard Research,2006,(4):388-391.
[2]LI X R,KONG D S,TAN H J,et al.Changes in soil and vegetation following stabilisation of dunes in the southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert,China[J].Plant and soil,2007,300:221-231.
[3]杨永胜,卜崇峰,高国雄.平茬措施对柠条生理特征及土壤水分的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1 327-1 336.YANG Y S,BU C F,GAO G X.Effect of pruning measure on physiology character and soil waters of Caragana korshinskii[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(4):1 327-1 336.
[4]刘军.放牧对松嫩草地植物多样性、生产力的作用及机制[D].吉林长春:东北师范大学,2015.
[5]贺郝钰,李新荣,苏洁琼.火烧对荒漠化草原土壤性质的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,(12):3 312-3 317.HE H Y,LI X R,SU J Q.Effects of fire on soil properties in desertified steppe[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,(12):3 312-3 317.
[6]王璡.施肥和刈割对亚高寒草甸种间相互作用的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[7]邵玲玲,李毅,李禄军,等.柠条叶片光合速率日变化特征的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2007,(1):12-14.SHAO L L,LI Y,LI L J,et al.The diurnal variations of photosynthesis in leaves of Caragana microphylla Lam[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2007,(1):12-14.
[8]王邦锡,黄久常,王辉.不同生长季节光照强度和温度对柠条叶片光合作用和呼吸作用的影响[J].中国沙漠,1996,(2):145-148.WANG B X,HUANG J C,WANG H.Effects of light intensity and temperature on photosynthesis and respiration in leaves of Caragana korshinskii Kom.during different growth seasons[J].Journal of Desert Research,1996,(2):145-148.
[9]鲍婧婷,王进,苏洁琼.不同林龄柠条(Caragana korshinskii)的光合特性和水分利用特征[J].中国沙漠,2016,(1):199-205.BAO J T,WANG J,SU J Q.Photosynthetic properties and water Use Caragana korshinskii in different ages[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,(1):199-205.
[10]高忠江,施树良,李钰.SPSS方差分析在生物统计的应用[J].现代生物医学进展,2008,8(11):2 116-2 120.GAO Z J,SHI S L,LI Y.Application of SPSS in ANOVA of biological statistics[J].Progress in Modern Biomedicine,2008,8(11):2 116-2 120.
[11]何树斌,刘国利,杨惠敏.不同水分处理下紫花苜蓿刈割后残茬的光合变化及其机制[J].草业学报,2009,(6):192-197.HE S B,LIU G L,YANG H M.Changes and mechanism in response of photosynthetic rates of lucerne residue to cutting under different water treatments[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,(6):192-197.
[12]田灵芝,董召荣,沈洁,等.刈割-追氮对小黑麦抽穗后光合特性的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2004,31(1):72-75.TIAN L Z,DONG Z R,SHEN J.Effects of mowing and topdressing of nitrogenon photosynthetic characteristics in triticale[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2004,31(1):72-75.
[13]NIINEMETS U,PORTSMUTH A,TRUUS L.Leaf structural and photosynthetic characteristics,and biomass allocation to foliage torelation to foliage content and tree in three Betula species[J].Annals of Botany,2002,1989:191-204.
[14]LPEZSAMPSON A,CERNUSAK L A,PAGE T.Relationship between leaf functional traits and productivity in Aquilaria crassna(Thymelaeaceae)plantations:a tool to aid in the early selection of high-yielding trees.[J].Tree Physiology,2017,37(5):1-9.
[15]方向文.地上组织去除后柠条(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)补偿生长的生理生态机制[D].兰州:兰州大学,2006.
[16]MABRY C M,WAYNE P W.Defoliation of the annual herb Abutilon the ophrasti:mechanisms underlying reproductive compensation[J].Oecologia,1997,111(2):225-232.
[17]张利平,王新平,刘立超,等.沙坡头主要建群植物油蒿和柠条的气体交换特征研究[J].生态学报,1998,18(2):133-137.ZHANG L P,WANG X P,LIU L C,et al.Study on gas exchange characteristics of main constructive plants A.ordosica and C.korshinskiiin shaptou region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1998,18(2):133-137.
[18]OHYAMA T,HARPER J E.Effects of shoot removal on N2fixation and assimilation in nodulation mutant and wide-type soybean[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1991,37:471-476.
[19]OFOSU-BUDU K G,SANECKA H,FUJITA K.Analysis of factors controlling dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen release in soybean using pod removal stemgirdling and defoliation[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1995,41:407-416.
[20]AVITABILE S C,CALLISTER K E,KELLY L T,et al.Systematic fire mapping is critical for fire ecology,planning and management:A case study in the semi-arid Murray Mallee,south-eastern Australia[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2013,117:81-91.
[21]张益望,程积民,贺学礼.半干旱区人工林生长与水分生态研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,(3):18-22.ZHANG Y W,CHENG J M,HE X L.Study on plant growth and water ecology of some artificial forests in Semi-arid Region of Loess Plateau[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,(3):18-22.
[22]刘凯.荒漠草原人工柠条林土壤水分动态及其对降水脉动的响应[D].银川:宁夏大学,2013.
[23]荀俊杰,李俊英,陈建文,等.幼龄柠条细根现存量与环境因子的关系[J].植物生态学报,2009,(4):764-771.XUN J J,LI J Y,CHEN J W,et al.Relationships of fine root standing length of Caragana korshinskii seedlings with environmental factors[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,(4):764-771.
[24]DONOVAN I.A,EHLERINGER J R.Contrasting wateruse patterns among size and life-history classes of a semi-Arid shrub[J].Functional Ecology,1992,6:482-488.
[25]MILLE P M,EDDLEMAN I.E,MILLER J M.Juniper us occidental is juvenile foliage;advantages and disadvantages for a stress-tolerant,invasive conifer[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1995,25:470-479.
[26]LEE C A,MUZIKA R M.Plant senescence for ecologists:precision in concept,scale,and terminology[J].Plant Ecology,2014,215(12):1 417-1 422.
[2]LI X R,KONG D S,TAN H J,et al.Changes in soil and vegetation following stabilisation of dunes in the southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert,China[J].Plant and soil,2007,300:221-231.
[3]杨永胜,卜崇峰,高国雄.平茬措施对柠条生理特征及土壤水分的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1 327-1 336.YANG Y S,BU C F,GAO G X.Effect of pruning measure on physiology character and soil waters of Caragana korshinskii[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(4):1 327-1 336.
[4]刘军.放牧对松嫩草地植物多样性、生产力的作用及机制[D].吉林长春:东北师范大学,2015.
[5]贺郝钰,李新荣,苏洁琼.火烧对荒漠化草原土壤性质的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,(12):3 312-3 317.HE H Y,LI X R,SU J Q.Effects of fire on soil properties in desertified steppe[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,(12):3 312-3 317.
[6]王璡.施肥和刈割对亚高寒草甸种间相互作用的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[7]邵玲玲,李毅,李禄军,等.柠条叶片光合速率日变化特征的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2007,(1):12-14.SHAO L L,LI Y,LI L J,et al.The diurnal variations of photosynthesis in leaves of Caragana microphylla Lam[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2007,(1):12-14.
[8]王邦锡,黄久常,王辉.不同生长季节光照强度和温度对柠条叶片光合作用和呼吸作用的影响[J].中国沙漠,1996,(2):145-148.WANG B X,HUANG J C,WANG H.Effects of light intensity and temperature on photosynthesis and respiration in leaves of Caragana korshinskii Kom.during different growth seasons[J].Journal of Desert Research,1996,(2):145-148.
[9]鲍婧婷,王进,苏洁琼.不同林龄柠条(Caragana korshinskii)的光合特性和水分利用特征[J].中国沙漠,2016,(1):199-205.BAO J T,WANG J,SU J Q.Photosynthetic properties and water Use Caragana korshinskii in different ages[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,(1):199-205.
[10]高忠江,施树良,李钰.SPSS方差分析在生物统计的应用[J].现代生物医学进展,2008,8(11):2 116-2 120.GAO Z J,SHI S L,LI Y.Application of SPSS in ANOVA of biological statistics[J].Progress in Modern Biomedicine,2008,8(11):2 116-2 120.
[11]何树斌,刘国利,杨惠敏.不同水分处理下紫花苜蓿刈割后残茬的光合变化及其机制[J].草业学报,2009,(6):192-197.HE S B,LIU G L,YANG H M.Changes and mechanism in response of photosynthetic rates of lucerne residue to cutting under different water treatments[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,(6):192-197.
[12]田灵芝,董召荣,沈洁,等.刈割-追氮对小黑麦抽穗后光合特性的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2004,31(1):72-75.TIAN L Z,DONG Z R,SHEN J.Effects of mowing and topdressing of nitrogenon photosynthetic characteristics in triticale[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2004,31(1):72-75.
[13]NIINEMETS U,PORTSMUTH A,TRUUS L.Leaf structural and photosynthetic characteristics,and biomass allocation to foliage torelation to foliage content and tree in three Betula species[J].Annals of Botany,2002,1989:191-204.
[14]LPEZSAMPSON A,CERNUSAK L A,PAGE T.Relationship between leaf functional traits and productivity in Aquilaria crassna(Thymelaeaceae)plantations:a tool to aid in the early selection of high-yielding trees.[J].Tree Physiology,2017,37(5):1-9.
[15]方向文.地上组织去除后柠条(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)补偿生长的生理生态机制[D].兰州:兰州大学,2006.
[16]MABRY C M,WAYNE P W.Defoliation of the annual herb Abutilon the ophrasti:mechanisms underlying reproductive compensation[J].Oecologia,1997,111(2):225-232.
[17]张利平,王新平,刘立超,等.沙坡头主要建群植物油蒿和柠条的气体交换特征研究[J].生态学报,1998,18(2):133-137.ZHANG L P,WANG X P,LIU L C,et al.Study on gas exchange characteristics of main constructive plants A.ordosica and C.korshinskiiin shaptou region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1998,18(2):133-137.
[18]OHYAMA T,HARPER J E.Effects of shoot removal on N2fixation and assimilation in nodulation mutant and wide-type soybean[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1991,37:471-476.
[19]OFOSU-BUDU K G,SANECKA H,FUJITA K.Analysis of factors controlling dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen release in soybean using pod removal stemgirdling and defoliation[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1995,41:407-416.
[20]AVITABILE S C,CALLISTER K E,KELLY L T,et al.Systematic fire mapping is critical for fire ecology,planning and management:A case study in the semi-arid Murray Mallee,south-eastern Australia[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2013,117:81-91.
[21]张益望,程积民,贺学礼.半干旱区人工林生长与水分生态研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,(3):18-22.ZHANG Y W,CHENG J M,HE X L.Study on plant growth and water ecology of some artificial forests in Semi-arid Region of Loess Plateau[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,(3):18-22.
[22]刘凯.荒漠草原人工柠条林土壤水分动态及其对降水脉动的响应[D].银川:宁夏大学,2013.
[23]荀俊杰,李俊英,陈建文,等.幼龄柠条细根现存量与环境因子的关系[J].植物生态学报,2009,(4):764-771.XUN J J,LI J Y,CHEN J W,et al.Relationships of fine root standing length of Caragana korshinskii seedlings with environmental factors[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,(4):764-771.
[24]DONOVAN I.A,EHLERINGER J R.Contrasting wateruse patterns among size and life-history classes of a semi-Arid shrub[J].Functional Ecology,1992,6:482-488.
[25]MILLE P M,EDDLEMAN I.E,MILLER J M.Juniper us occidental is juvenile foliage;advantages and disadvantages for a stress-tolerant,invasive conifer[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1995,25:470-479.
[26]LEE C A,MUZIKA R M.Plant senescence for ecologists:precision in concept,scale,and terminology[J].Plant Ecology,2014,215(12):1 417-1 422.