高校扩招、教育收益率与城乡收入阶层分化——基于断点回归的分析
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摘要
利用中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS),基于模糊断点回归设计方法,对我国城乡居民教育收益率进行实证检验,探讨高校扩招政策对城乡居民教育收益率的影响以及对城乡居民带来的收入阶层分化效应。结果显示,高等教育扩招政策对城乡居民教育程度均产生了显著的正向影响,但对提高城镇居民受教育程度的作用更为明显;高校扩招政策对城乡内部不同收入群体的教育及收入产生了显著的分化作用,有助于缩小城市内部不同收入群体的教育收益率,但对不同收入群体的收入及教育具有分化影响,形成了"马太效应";高校扩招政策对城乡之间不同收入群体的影响也存在分化影响,在一定程度上缩小了城乡间高收入群体的收入差距。
Based on the China Comprehensive Social Survey Data( CGSS) and fuzzy regression discontinuity design method,an empirical test is conducted in this paper to explore the impact of college enrollment expansion policies on the education rate of urban and rural residents and differentiation of urban and rural income classes according to the returns to education of urban and rural residents in China. The result indicates that the enrollment expansion policy of higher education has a significant positive impact on the education level of urban and rural residents,but it has more obvious effects on improving the education level of urban residents. Furthermore,the enrollment expansion policy of colleges and universities has a significant differentiation effect on the education and income of different income groups in urban and rural areas,which could help to reduce the educational rate of return for different income groups within the city. But,it will have a differentiation effect on the income and education of different income groups,forming a "Matthew effect". The university's enrollment expansion policy has a differentiation effect on the education and income of different income groups in urban and rural areas,which has narrowed the income gap between urban and rural high-income groups to some extent.
Based on the China Comprehensive Social Survey Data( CGSS) and fuzzy regression discontinuity design method,an empirical test is conducted in this paper to explore the impact of college enrollment expansion policies on the education rate of urban and rural residents and differentiation of urban and rural income classes according to the returns to education of urban and rural residents in China. The result indicates that the enrollment expansion policy of higher education has a significant positive impact on the education level of urban and rural residents,but it has more obvious effects on improving the education level of urban residents. Furthermore,the enrollment expansion policy of colleges and universities has a significant differentiation effect on the education and income of different income groups in urban and rural areas,which could help to reduce the educational rate of return for different income groups within the city. But,it will have a differentiation effect on the income and education of different income groups,forming a "Matthew effect". The university's enrollment expansion policy has a differentiation effect on the education and income of different income groups in urban and rural areas,which has narrowed the income gap between urban and rural high-income groups to some extent.
引文
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[2]赵西亮.教育、户籍转换与城乡教育收益率差异[J].经济研究,2017,52(12):164-178.
[3]Li H,Loyalka P,Rozelle S,et al. Unequal Access to College in China:How Far Have Poor,Rural Students Been Left Behind?[J]. China Quarterly,2015,221:1-23.
[4]李春玲.教育不平等的年代变化趋势(1940-2010)——对城乡教育机会不平等的再考察[J].社会学研究,2014,29(2):65-89,243.
[5]侯玉娜,邓宁莎.高等教育扩招与教育收益率——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据的准实验研究[J].高教探索,2018,(2):23-30.
[6]Zhang J.,Y. Zhao,A. Park,Y. Song. Economic Returns to Schooling in Urban China,1988 to 2001[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2005,33(4):730-752.
[7]曹黎娟,颜孝坤.城乡居民教育收益率的差距——一个分阶段的考察[J].复旦教育论坛,2016,14(5):81-88.
[8]姚先国,张海峰.中国教育回报率估计及其城乡差异分析——以浙江、广东、湖南、安徽等省的调查数据为基础[J].财经论丛:浙江财经学院学报,2004,(6):1-7.
[9]叶光.就业机会不平等、教育回报差异与城乡工资差距[J].经济经纬,2015,32(4):25-30.
[10]吴要武,赵泉.高校扩招与大学毕业生就业[J].经济研究,2010,45(9):93-108.
[11]马汴京,蔡海静,姚先国.高校扩招与大学教育回报率变动——基于CGSS数据的经验研究[J].经济理论与经济管理,2016,(6):45-57.
[12]刘生龙,等.义务教育法与中国城镇教育回报率:基于断点回归设计[J].经济研究,2016,51(2):154-167.
[13]初帅,孟凡强.高校扩招与教育回报率的城乡差异——基于断点回归的设计[J].南方经济,2017,(10):16-35
[14]邢春冰.教育扩展、迁移与城乡教育差距——以大学扩招为例[J].经济学:季刊,2014,13(1):207-232.