木星磁场对航天器表面充电的影响分析
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摘要
木星具有太阳系行星中最强的磁场,而磁场会通过磁限制作用以及叠加动生电场对航天器表面充电情况造成影响。本文以木星高充电区域之极轨为研究对象,采用SPIS软件模拟研究了木星磁场对航天器表面充电危险性的影响。研究结果表明:低轨区域由于二次电子在磁场中的回旋半径很小,二次电子发射会受到抑制作用,造成充电更加恶劣,但是差分电势变化并不显著,而高轨道区域则由于回旋半径很大,未对充电情况造成明显影响,此时由于势垒的存在造成了太阳电池帆板充电的缓和;动生电场的存在,则会造成导体材料充电更加恶劣,其充电电位的变化除导体自由电荷移动所产生的动生电势外,还包括材料收集电荷移动所产生的额外电势,因此模拟仿真结果与理论计算值差别较大,此外动生电场还造成了太阳电池帆板上电势梯度的增加,增加了相邻电池贴片缝隙的放电风险。
The interaction of Jovian planetary magnetic field,the strongest in the Solar System,and charging of solar-panels on spacecraft round Jupiter was mathematically modeled and numerically simulated with SPIS software.The influence of Jovian polar orbit on the charging behavior,including the secondary electron emission,charging potential and motional electromotive force,was investigated. The simulated results show that the negative impact of magnetic field in low orbits far outweighs that in high orbits. For example,in low orbits,the stronger magnetic field significantly worsens the charging properties because of the decreases of electron gyro-radius and secondary electron emission; in high orbits,the less strong magnetic field mildly affects the charging characteristics because electron gyro-radius is bigger and because the potential barrier enhances secondary electron emission. Moreover,the motional electromotive force(stronger than the calculated one) hurts the charging behavior and increases discharge-damage risk.
The interaction of Jovian planetary magnetic field,the strongest in the Solar System,and charging of solar-panels on spacecraft round Jupiter was mathematically modeled and numerically simulated with SPIS software.The influence of Jovian polar orbit on the charging behavior,including the secondary electron emission,charging potential and motional electromotive force,was investigated. The simulated results show that the negative impact of magnetic field in low orbits far outweighs that in high orbits. For example,in low orbits,the stronger magnetic field significantly worsens the charging properties because of the decreases of electron gyro-radius and secondary electron emission; in high orbits,the less strong magnetic field mildly affects the charging characteristics because electron gyro-radius is bigger and because the potential barrier enhances secondary electron emission. Moreover,the motional electromotive force(stronger than the calculated one) hurts the charging behavior and increases discharge-damage risk.
引文
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[16]南京航空航天大学.木星轨道磁场和充电快速计算软件V1.0[CP/DK].2018SR229665,2018
[2]吕芮光.美欧木星探测合作进入实施阶段[EB/OL].科技日报,http://www.xinhuanet.com/science/2017-04/19/c_136220185.htm
[3]Koons H C,Mazur J E,Selesnick R S,et al.The Impact of the Space Environment on Space Systems[C].Proceedings of the 6th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference,6th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference,AFRL Science Center,1998,MA,USA:Air Force Research Laboratory,1998:7-11
[4]Anderson P C.Surface Charging in the Auroral Zone on the DMSP Spacecraft in LEO[C].Proceedings of the 6th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference,6th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference,AFRL Science Center,1998,MA,USA:Air Force Research Laboratory,1998:55-59
[5]Garrett H B,Evans R W,Whittlesey A C,et al.Modeling of the Jovian Auroral Environment and Its Effects on Spacecraft Charging[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2008,36(5):2440-2449
[6]赵呈选,李得天,杨生胜,等.基于PIC方法的GEO航天器表面材料充电过程研究[J].真空科学与技术学报,2014,34(12):1279-1284
[7]李凯,王立,秦晓刚,等.地球同步轨道高压太阳电池阵充放电效应研究[J].航天器环境工程,2008,25(2):125-128
[8]Theillaumas B,Sévoz M,Andersson B,et al.Simulation and Analysis of Spacecraft Charging using SPIS-GEO and NASCAP-GEO[C].Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference,2014,USA:Pasadena,2015,43:1-10
[9]Parker L W,Murphy B L.Potential Buildup on an Electron-Emitting Ionospheric Satellite[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1967,72(5):1631-1636
[10]Whipple E C.Potentials of Surfaces in Space[J].Reports on Progress in Physics,1981,44(11):1197-1250
[11]Garrett H B,Katz I,Jun I,et al.The Jovian Charging Environment and Its Effects—A Review[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2012,40(2):144-154
[12]Dols V,Gérard J C,Paresce F,et al.Ultraviolet Imaging of the Jovian Aurora with the Hubble Space Telescope[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1992,19(18):1803-1806
[13]Garrett H B,Evans R W,Whittlesey A C,et al.Modeling of the Jovian Auroral Environment and Its Effects on Spacecraft Charging[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2008,36(5):2440-2449
[14]ESA.Jovian Radiation Sources and Effects Plasma Models[DB/OL].SPENVIS,https://www.spenvis.oma.be/htbin/spenvis.exe/STUDYING?%23reset To Previous(jorem_plasma_par.html)
[15]Connerney J E P,Acu1a M H,Ness N F,et al.New Models of Jupiter's Magnetic Field Constrained by the Io Flux Tube Footprint[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics,1998,103(A6):11929-11939
[16]南京航空航天大学.木星轨道磁场和充电快速计算软件V1.0[CP/DK].2018SR229665,2018