不同盐分胁迫对京郊设施黄瓜生产的影响
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摘要
连续2年在北京市房山区和大兴区4个基地,开展了设施菜田土壤不同盐分胁迫下对黄瓜的株高、茎粗、产量和品质影响的研究。以土壤电导率(EC)为指标,盐分胁迫处理分别为处理1(T1)0.21 dS·m~(-1)、处理2(T2)0.375 dS·m~(-1)、处理3(T3)0.532 dS·m~(-1)、处理4(T4)0.914 dS·m~(-1)、处理5(T5)1.108 dS·m~(-1)。结果表明:1)黄瓜苗期安全范围是EC值0.25～0.8 dS·m~(-1),幼苗缓苗快,株高与茎粗达到最佳水平。2)EC值在0.5～0.8 dS·m~(-1)范围时,黄瓜的产量和维生素C含量随着土壤盐分的增加而增加;当EC值大于0.8 dS·m~(-1)时,则随着盐分的增加而下降。硝酸盐变化趋势则刚好相反。黄瓜全生育期安全范围是EC值0.5～0.8 dS·m~(-1),可确保黄瓜高产与品质提高。3)土壤盐分与黄瓜产量呈负相关(y=-123.76x+164.86,r=0.870,P=0.002)。当土壤盐分上升至0.8～0.9 dS·m~(-1),甚至超过1 dS·m~(-1)时,可能会造成20%～60%的黄瓜减产。
The effects of different salt stress on the plant height,diameter,yield and quality of cucumber were studied for two consecutive years in four bases in Fangshan and Daxing district of Beijing.Soil electrical conductivity(EC) was used as an indicator,and the salt stress treatments were 0.21 dS·m~(-1) for treatment 1(T1),0.375 dS·m~(-1) for treatment 2(T2),0.532 dS·m~(-1) for treatment 3(T3),0.914 dS·m~(-1) for treatment 4(T4) and 1.108 dS·m~(-1) for treatment 5(T5).The result showed that the safe value of soil salt for cucumber seedlings was between 0.25 ～ 0.8 dS·m~(-1),in which the plant height and diameter may reach the best level.When the EC value was in the range of 0.5 ～ 0.8 dS·m~(-1),the cucumber yield and vitamin C content increased with the increasing of soil salinity.While when the EC value was greater than 0.8 dS·m~(-1),it decreased with the increasing of soil salinity.The change of nitrate was on the opposite with them.The safe range of soil salt for cucumber during the whole growing period was 0.5 ～ 0.8 dS·m~(-1),which may ensure both the high yield and quality of cucumber.Soil salt content negatively correlated with cucumber yield(y=-123.76 x+164.86,r=0.870,P=0.002). When the soil salinity is increased to 0.8 ～ 0.9 dS·m~(-1),or even more than 1 dS·m~(-1),it may cause a 20% ～ 60% yield reduction in cucumber production.
The effects of different salt stress on the plant height,diameter,yield and quality of cucumber were studied for two consecutive years in four bases in Fangshan and Daxing district of Beijing.Soil electrical conductivity(EC) was used as an indicator,and the salt stress treatments were 0.21 dS·m~(-1) for treatment 1(T1),0.375 dS·m~(-1) for treatment 2(T2),0.532 dS·m~(-1) for treatment 3(T3),0.914 dS·m~(-1) for treatment 4(T4) and 1.108 dS·m~(-1) for treatment 5(T5).The result showed that the safe value of soil salt for cucumber seedlings was between 0.25 ～ 0.8 dS·m~(-1),in which the plant height and diameter may reach the best level.When the EC value was in the range of 0.5 ～ 0.8 dS·m~(-1),the cucumber yield and vitamin C content increased with the increasing of soil salinity.While when the EC value was greater than 0.8 dS·m~(-1),it decreased with the increasing of soil salinity.The change of nitrate was on the opposite with them.The safe range of soil salt for cucumber during the whole growing period was 0.5 ～ 0.8 dS·m~(-1),which may ensure both the high yield and quality of cucumber.Soil salt content negatively correlated with cucumber yield(y=-123.76 x+164.86,r=0.870,P=0.002). When the soil salinity is increased to 0.8 ～ 0.9 dS·m~(-1),or even more than 1 dS·m~(-1),it may cause a 20% ～ 60% yield reduction in cucumber production.
引文
[1]北京市统计局.2017北京市统计年鉴[G].2017.
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[5]费伟,陈火英,曹忠,等.盐胁迫对番茄幼苗生理特性的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2005,23(1):5-9.
[6]黄绍文,高伟,唐继伟,等.我国主要菜区耕层土壤盐分总量及离子组成[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):965-977.
[7]张金锦,段增强,李汛.基于黄瓜种植的设施菜田土壤硝酸盐型次生盐渍化的分级研究[J].土壤学报,2012,49:673-680.
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[9]张春兰,张耀东,朱建春,等.施用稻草对防治保护地土壤盐渍化的作用[J].土壤肥料,1994,(3):146-148.
[10]高峻岭,宋朝玉,黄绍文,等.青岛市设施蔬菜施肥现状与土壤养分状况[J].山东农业科学,2011,(3):68-72.
[11]李宇虹,陈清.设施果类蔬菜土壤EC值动态及盐害敏感性分析[J].中国蔬菜,2014,(2):15-20.
[2]文方芳.种植年限对设施大棚土壤次生盐渍化与酸化的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(4):49-53.
[3]宋科,徐四新,罗国安,等.土壤可溶性盐含量对黄瓜种子萌发及其幼苗生长发育的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(3):593-597.
[4]张润花,郭世荣,李娟.盐胁迫对黄瓜根系活力、叶绿素含量的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2006,(2):47-49.
[5]费伟,陈火英,曹忠,等.盐胁迫对番茄幼苗生理特性的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2005,23(1):5-9.
[6]黄绍文,高伟,唐继伟,等.我国主要菜区耕层土壤盐分总量及离子组成[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):965-977.
[7]张金锦,段增强,李汛.基于黄瓜种植的设施菜田土壤硝酸盐型次生盐渍化的分级研究[J].土壤学报,2012,49:673-680.
[8]李先珍,王耀林,张志斌.京郊蔬菜大棚土壤盐离子积累状况研究初报[J].中国蔬菜,1993,(4):15-17.
[9]张春兰,张耀东,朱建春,等.施用稻草对防治保护地土壤盐渍化的作用[J].土壤肥料,1994,(3):146-148.
[10]高峻岭,宋朝玉,黄绍文,等.青岛市设施蔬菜施肥现状与土壤养分状况[J].山东农业科学,2011,(3):68-72.
[11]李宇虹,陈清.设施果类蔬菜土壤EC值动态及盐害敏感性分析[J].中国蔬菜,2014,(2):15-20.
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