基于爆破振动效应的巷道稳定性研究
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摘要
针对爆破应力波产生的巷道围岩振动破坏问题,基于弹性波理论,建立了弹性空间体中质点振动模型。利用金山店铁矿爆破振动监测数据,计算并分析了爆破应力波作用下的巷道围岩质点位移及振动速度波形特征,研究了单次最大起爆药量和岩体弹性模量对岩体质点位移和振动速度波形的影响,同时分析了爆心距与围岩质点最大振动速度的关系。结果表明:岩体质点在爆破应力波作用下的位移呈正弦式衰减,振动速度呈余弦式衰减,波形上出现的正负交替现象表明岩体在爆破应力波的作用下处于交替拉压状态。围岩质点位移和振动速度峰值随着单次最大起爆药量的增大而增大;巷道岩体质点位移和振动速度峰值随着岩体弹性模量的减小逐渐增大,振动持续时间也相应增大。受采矿爆破影响,在爆心距小于10～15m范围内的巷道及支护体容易发生破坏。研究成果与现场试验结果相符,可为爆破应力波作用下巷道的支护设计及爆破控制提供依据。
Aiming at the vibration failure of roadway surrounding rock caused by blasting stress wave,aparticle vibration model in elastic space is established based on elastic wave theory.Based on the blasting vibration monitoring data of Jinshandian Iron Mine,the displacement and vibration velocity waveforms of the surrounding rock mass of the roadway under the action of blasting stress wave are calculated and analyzed.The influence of single maximum detonating charge and rock elastic modulus on rock mass displacement and vibration velocity waveform is studied and at the same time,the relationship between the blast center distance and the maximum particle vibration velocity of the surrounding rock is analyzed.The results show that under the action of blasting stress wave,the displacement and vibration velocity of rock mass particle are sinusoidal attenuation and cosine attenuation respectively.The alternation of positive and negative on thewaveform indicates that the rock mass is in the state of alternating tension and compression under the action of blasting stress wave.The particle displacement and peak value of vibration velocity of the surrounding rock increase with the increase of the single maximum explosive charge.The particle displacement and vibration velocity peak value of roadway rock mass increase gradually with the decrease of rock mass elastic modulus.With the decrease of elastic modulus of rock mass,the vibration duration increases correspondingly.Under the influence of mining blasting,the roadway and the support body within the range of the blast center distance of less than 10～15 mare easy to be destroyed.The research results are consistent with the field test results,which can provide a basis for the roadway support design and blasting control under blast stress wave.
Aiming at the vibration failure of roadway surrounding rock caused by blasting stress wave,aparticle vibration model in elastic space is established based on elastic wave theory.Based on the blasting vibration monitoring data of Jinshandian Iron Mine,the displacement and vibration velocity waveforms of the surrounding rock mass of the roadway under the action of blasting stress wave are calculated and analyzed.The influence of single maximum detonating charge and rock elastic modulus on rock mass displacement and vibration velocity waveform is studied and at the same time,the relationship between the blast center distance and the maximum particle vibration velocity of the surrounding rock is analyzed.The results show that under the action of blasting stress wave,the displacement and vibration velocity of rock mass particle are sinusoidal attenuation and cosine attenuation respectively.The alternation of positive and negative on thewaveform indicates that the rock mass is in the state of alternating tension and compression under the action of blasting stress wave.The particle displacement and peak value of vibration velocity of the surrounding rock increase with the increase of the single maximum explosive charge.The particle displacement and vibration velocity peak value of roadway rock mass increase gradually with the decrease of rock mass elastic modulus.With the decrease of elastic modulus of rock mass,the vibration duration increases correspondingly.Under the influence of mining blasting,the roadway and the support body within the range of the blast center distance of less than 10～15 mare easy to be destroyed.The research results are consistent with the field test results,which can provide a basis for the roadway support design and blasting control under blast stress wave.
引文
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[12]张乐,卢文波,周俊汝,等.爆破冲击荷载作用下中隔墩岩体的动力响应与局部破坏机制[J].岩土力学,2014,35(S2):520-527.
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[14]何理,钟冬望,宋琨.基于裂纹扩展的岩体爆破损伤计算方法[J].化工矿物与加工,2018,47(12):69-72.
[15]王胜,王文杰,曹中,等.爆破动载下围岩裂纹扩展规律研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2018,47(2):52-56.
[16]张云鹏,杨曦,朱晓玺.爆破振动影响下露天边坡临界振速及安全距离计算[J].化工矿物与加工,2018,47(8):28-30.
[17]张袁娟.不同间隔介质对爆破效果影响研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2019,48(1):1-3.
[18]张吉勇,付玉华,周俊.基于随机森林算法的爆破振速预测研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2018,47(4):34-37.
[19]GB 6722-2011,爆破安全规程[S].
[20]陈士海.爆破灾害预测与控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2006.
[2]ORTLEPP W D,STACEY T R.Performance of tunnel support under large deformation,static and dynamic loading[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(1):15-21.
[3]王文杰,马雄忠,邹常富,等.金山店铁矿玻璃钢锚杆支护试验及存在问题[J].金属矿山,2012(10):1-4.
[4]曾佑富,伍永平,来兴平,等.复杂条件下大断面巷道顶板冒落失稳分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(4):423-427.
[5]王承树.爆炸荷载作用下坑道喷锚支护的破坏形态[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1989(1):73-91.
[6]闫长斌,徐国元,杨飞.爆破动荷载作用下围岩累积损伤效应声波测试研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(1):88-93.
[7]刘国华,王振宇.爆破荷载作用下隧道的动态响应与抗爆分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2004,38(2):77-82.
[8]贾虎.爆破动载作用下邻近硐室围岩稳定性的研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2006.
[9]SHARPE J A.The production of elastic waveby explosion pressure[J].Geophysics,1942(S2):144-154.
[10]DE-HOOP A T.A modifification of cagniard`s method for solving seismic pulse problems[J].Appl Sci Res,1960,8(1):349-356.
[11]王洪新.半无限弹性体内作用竖向矩形和条形均布荷载时的应力计算公式[J].岩土力学,2016,37(1):113-118.
[12]张乐,卢文波,周俊汝,等.爆破冲击荷载作用下中隔墩岩体的动力响应与局部破坏机制[J].岩土力学,2014,35(S2):520-527.
[13]孙成禹,张立.任意方向震源二维兰姆问题的一个精确解[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(10):3 370-3 378.
[14]何理,钟冬望,宋琨.基于裂纹扩展的岩体爆破损伤计算方法[J].化工矿物与加工,2018,47(12):69-72.
[15]王胜,王文杰,曹中,等.爆破动载下围岩裂纹扩展规律研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2018,47(2):52-56.
[16]张云鹏,杨曦,朱晓玺.爆破振动影响下露天边坡临界振速及安全距离计算[J].化工矿物与加工,2018,47(8):28-30.
[17]张袁娟.不同间隔介质对爆破效果影响研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2019,48(1):1-3.
[18]张吉勇,付玉华,周俊.基于随机森林算法的爆破振速预测研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2018,47(4):34-37.
[19]GB 6722-2011,爆破安全规程[S].
[20]陈士海.爆破灾害预测与控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2006.