定量评估机动车限行、共享单车对西安市PM_(2.5)的影响
|
摘要
通过收集2016年9月1日至2017年2月28日中国空气质量在线监测分析平台公布的空气质量监测数据,利用统计分析和相关分析法,定量评估机动车限行政策、共享单车的投放使用对西安市PM_(2.5)的影响,旨在为西安市的空气污染防治管理和科学决策提供理论依据。结果表明:不论有无机动车限行和共享单车,交通高峰时段的大气PM_(2.5)浓度均低于非交通高峰时段。源解析表明,交通高峰时段产生的汽车尾气、道路扬尘等只是PM_(2.5)的来源之一,燃煤、生物质燃烧、工业生产等产生的SO_2、PM_(10)、CO和NO_2均对PM_(2.5)浓度有重要影响。在共享单车和限行政策的共同作用下,西安市的PM_(2.5)浓度得到了一定改善,但改善的幅度十分有限。改善空气质量仅靠机动车限行和共享单车投放很难起到明显效果,还应该从改善能源结构、提高节能水平、增加绿化面积等多方面着手。
By collecting PM_(2.5) concentration monitoring data published by China Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform from September 1, 2016 to February 28, 2017, using statistical analysis and correlation analytic method to evaluate the impact of traffic restriction policy and bike-sharing on PM_(2.5), aims to provide a theoretical basis for air pollution control management and scientific decision-making in Xi'an. The results indicate that regardless of whether there are traffic restrictions or bike-sharing, the PM_(2.5) concentration during peak traffic periods is lower than non-traffic peak periods. Source analysis shows that vehicle exhaust and road dust generated during peak traffic are only one of the sources of PM_(2.5),SO_2, PM_(10), CO and NO_2 produced by coal combustion, biomass burning, industrial production have an important impact on PM_(2.5) concentration. Under the combined action of sharing bicycles and restriction policy, the concentration of PM_(2.5) in Xi'an has been improved to some extent, but very limited. It is difficult to improve the air quality only by restricting the traffic of motor vehicles and sharing bicycles, it should also start from improve the energy structure, energy conservation and increase the green area and so on.
By collecting PM_(2.5) concentration monitoring data published by China Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform from September 1, 2016 to February 28, 2017, using statistical analysis and correlation analytic method to evaluate the impact of traffic restriction policy and bike-sharing on PM_(2.5), aims to provide a theoretical basis for air pollution control management and scientific decision-making in Xi'an. The results indicate that regardless of whether there are traffic restrictions or bike-sharing, the PM_(2.5) concentration during peak traffic periods is lower than non-traffic peak periods. Source analysis shows that vehicle exhaust and road dust generated during peak traffic are only one of the sources of PM_(2.5),SO_2, PM_(10), CO and NO_2 produced by coal combustion, biomass burning, industrial production have an important impact on PM_(2.5) concentration. Under the combined action of sharing bicycles and restriction policy, the concentration of PM_(2.5) in Xi'an has been improved to some extent, but very limited. It is difficult to improve the air quality only by restricting the traffic of motor vehicles and sharing bicycles, it should also start from improve the energy structure, energy conservation and increase the green area and so on.
引文
[1] Meng Z Y, Jiang X M, Yan P, et al. Characteristics and sources of PM2.5 and carbonaceous species during winter in Taiyuan, China[J].Atmos Environ, 2007, 41: 6901-6908.
[2] United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).Urban air pollution[OB/OL].http:// www.unep.org /urban _environment/is-sues/urban _air. asp(accessed 14.12.10).
[3] 华家丽,杨坤.国内外限行政策绩效评价研究述评[J].学术论坛,2013,22:188-190.
[4] Liu H, He K. Traffic optimization: A new way for air pollution control in China,s urban areas[J].Environ Sci Technol, 2012, 46(11): 5660 -5661.
[5] 赵素平,余晔,殷代英,等.交通限行对细颗粒物浓度及其谱分布的影响[J].高原气象, 2015,34(3): 777 -785.
[6] 漆威.限行政策无效视角下机动车污染源控制策略研究[J].兰州财经大学学报,2016,32(2):120-126.
[7] 孙红霞.北京市机动车限行政策对空气质量的影响分析[D].北京:北京交通大学,2018.
[8] 周思萌. 2017.共享单车使用者满意度的影响因素研究—以昆明市为例[J].物流技术, 36(4):35-39.
[9] 王珊,修天阳,孙扬,等. 1960-2012年西安地区雾霾日数与气象因素变化规律分析[J].环境科学学报, 2014,34(1):19-26.
[10] 陈锦超,董雪玲,张婉,等.北京市霾天PM2.5 污染特征及其与气象因素的关系[J].环境科学与技术, 2018,41(8):87-94.
[11] 孙蓉花,陈学刚,魏疆,等.乌鲁木齐市PM2.5浓度与气象条件耦合分析[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(12):1353 -1357.
[12] 顾凯华,史红仙,张帅,等.上海崇明岛近三年PM2.5浓度变化特征与气象条件的关系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(12): 2108-2116.
[13] 苏含笑,葛碧洲,陈兴都.典型城市市区春冬季PM2.5 污染特征及来源分析[J].环境工程,2018,36(9):99-103.
[14] 孙嘉文,方海羽.上海市PM2.5浓度变化特征及其对气象变化的响应研究[J].安徽农学通报, 2017,23(21):85-87.
[15] 于悦. PM2.5的成分特征及来源分析[J].农业与技术, 2017,37(8):236-237.
[16] 徐敬,丁国安,颜鹏.北京地区PM2.5的成分特征及来源分析[J].应用气象学报, 2007,18(5):645-654.
[17] 吴一帆,张子豪,王帅,等.大连市大气污染特征、影响因素及来源分析[J].环境工程, 2018,36(6):104-109.
[18] 张宝洪.简单分析重度污染天气机动车限行的合法性问题[J].吉林人大, 2017,26-27.
[19] 连建彬.论机动车限行的合法性[J].河北科技师范学院学报(社会科学版),2015,14(3):71-76.
[20] 唐涛.机动车限行的合宪性控制研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2017.
[21] 袁晓玲,李浩,杨万平.机动车限行政策能否有效改善西安市的空气质量?[J].农业与技术, 2018,33(6):107-114.
[22] 嵇春红,谭军.某市交通高峰时段空气质量影响研[J].山东化工,2017,46(6):172-174.
[23] 李芳,张承中.西安市大气颗粒物 PM2.5与降水关系的探讨[J].中国环境监测, 2013, 29(6):22-28.
[24] Sun C, Zheng S, Wang R.Restricting driving for better traffic and clearer skies: Did it work in Beijing?[J]. Transport Policy, 2014, 32:34-41.
[25] 曹宁,黄学敏,祝颖,等.西安冬季重污染过程PM2.5理化特征及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2019,39(1):32-39.
[26] 甘小风,曹军骥,王启元,等.西安市秋季大气细粒子(PM2.5)中化学元素的浓度特征和来源[J].安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(19): 11692-11694.
[27] 牟国桃,黄学敏,刘焕武.西安市重污染过程中PM2.5单粒子的污染特征[J].化学世界,2018, 59(3):164-172.
[28] 孟宁,贝耐芳,李国辉,等.关中地区冬季人为源减排对PM2.5浓度的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(5):1646-1656.
[29] 田莎莎,张显,卞思思,等.沈阳市PM2.5污染组分特征及其来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2019,39(2):487-496.
[30] 钱骏,廖瑞雪,邓利群,等.成都市大气中O3 污染水平及来源分析[J].四川环境,2011,30(3):20-23.
[31] 田晖, 刘连刚, 徐文世.西安市灰尘来源探析[J].北京地质,2002,14(1):23-27.
[32] Arimoto R, Duce R A, Savoie D L, et al. Relationships among aerosol constituents from Asia and the North Pacific during PEM-West[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1996,101(D1):2011-2023.
[33] 张婷,曹军骥,吴枫,等.西安市春夏季气体及PM2.5中水溶性组分的污染特征[J].中国科学院大学学报,2007,24(5):643-646.
[34] 刘盛强,刘世婧,刘志敏.城市空气质量与汽车保有量的相关性分析[J].现代制造技术与装备,2011,4:28-31.
[2] United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).Urban air pollution[OB/OL].http:// www.unep.org /urban _environment/is-sues/urban _air. asp(accessed 14.12.10).
[3] 华家丽,杨坤.国内外限行政策绩效评价研究述评[J].学术论坛,2013,22:188-190.
[4] Liu H, He K. Traffic optimization: A new way for air pollution control in China,s urban areas[J].Environ Sci Technol, 2012, 46(11): 5660 -5661.
[5] 赵素平,余晔,殷代英,等.交通限行对细颗粒物浓度及其谱分布的影响[J].高原气象, 2015,34(3): 777 -785.
[6] 漆威.限行政策无效视角下机动车污染源控制策略研究[J].兰州财经大学学报,2016,32(2):120-126.
[7] 孙红霞.北京市机动车限行政策对空气质量的影响分析[D].北京:北京交通大学,2018.
[8] 周思萌. 2017.共享单车使用者满意度的影响因素研究—以昆明市为例[J].物流技术, 36(4):35-39.
[9] 王珊,修天阳,孙扬,等. 1960-2012年西安地区雾霾日数与气象因素变化规律分析[J].环境科学学报, 2014,34(1):19-26.
[10] 陈锦超,董雪玲,张婉,等.北京市霾天PM2.5 污染特征及其与气象因素的关系[J].环境科学与技术, 2018,41(8):87-94.
[11] 孙蓉花,陈学刚,魏疆,等.乌鲁木齐市PM2.5浓度与气象条件耦合分析[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(12):1353 -1357.
[12] 顾凯华,史红仙,张帅,等.上海崇明岛近三年PM2.5浓度变化特征与气象条件的关系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(12): 2108-2116.
[13] 苏含笑,葛碧洲,陈兴都.典型城市市区春冬季PM2.5 污染特征及来源分析[J].环境工程,2018,36(9):99-103.
[14] 孙嘉文,方海羽.上海市PM2.5浓度变化特征及其对气象变化的响应研究[J].安徽农学通报, 2017,23(21):85-87.
[15] 于悦. PM2.5的成分特征及来源分析[J].农业与技术, 2017,37(8):236-237.
[16] 徐敬,丁国安,颜鹏.北京地区PM2.5的成分特征及来源分析[J].应用气象学报, 2007,18(5):645-654.
[17] 吴一帆,张子豪,王帅,等.大连市大气污染特征、影响因素及来源分析[J].环境工程, 2018,36(6):104-109.
[18] 张宝洪.简单分析重度污染天气机动车限行的合法性问题[J].吉林人大, 2017,26-27.
[19] 连建彬.论机动车限行的合法性[J].河北科技师范学院学报(社会科学版),2015,14(3):71-76.
[20] 唐涛.机动车限行的合宪性控制研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2017.
[21] 袁晓玲,李浩,杨万平.机动车限行政策能否有效改善西安市的空气质量?[J].农业与技术, 2018,33(6):107-114.
[22] 嵇春红,谭军.某市交通高峰时段空气质量影响研[J].山东化工,2017,46(6):172-174.
[23] 李芳,张承中.西安市大气颗粒物 PM2.5与降水关系的探讨[J].中国环境监测, 2013, 29(6):22-28.
[24] Sun C, Zheng S, Wang R.Restricting driving for better traffic and clearer skies: Did it work in Beijing?[J]. Transport Policy, 2014, 32:34-41.
[25] 曹宁,黄学敏,祝颖,等.西安冬季重污染过程PM2.5理化特征及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2019,39(1):32-39.
[26] 甘小风,曹军骥,王启元,等.西安市秋季大气细粒子(PM2.5)中化学元素的浓度特征和来源[J].安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(19): 11692-11694.
[27] 牟国桃,黄学敏,刘焕武.西安市重污染过程中PM2.5单粒子的污染特征[J].化学世界,2018, 59(3):164-172.
[28] 孟宁,贝耐芳,李国辉,等.关中地区冬季人为源减排对PM2.5浓度的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(5):1646-1656.
[29] 田莎莎,张显,卞思思,等.沈阳市PM2.5污染组分特征及其来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2019,39(2):487-496.
[30] 钱骏,廖瑞雪,邓利群,等.成都市大气中O3 污染水平及来源分析[J].四川环境,2011,30(3):20-23.
[31] 田晖, 刘连刚, 徐文世.西安市灰尘来源探析[J].北京地质,2002,14(1):23-27.
[32] Arimoto R, Duce R A, Savoie D L, et al. Relationships among aerosol constituents from Asia and the North Pacific during PEM-West[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1996,101(D1):2011-2023.
[33] 张婷,曹军骥,吴枫,等.西安市春夏季气体及PM2.5中水溶性组分的污染特征[J].中国科学院大学学报,2007,24(5):643-646.
[34] 刘盛强,刘世婧,刘志敏.城市空气质量与汽车保有量的相关性分析[J].现代制造技术与装备,2011,4:28-31.