旅游开发背景下乡遗记忆建构与影响因素研究——以潍坊杨家埠为例
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摘要
当前,中国传统村落不断衰落甚至消亡,乡村记忆的保护与延续已成为乡村振兴战略中的重要课题。乡遗记忆作为乡村记忆的重要组成部分,其建构与传承也成为当前非遗保护与利用的核心议题之一。基于乡遗记忆空间(包括象征、生活、生产及商业空间),从文化景观、节庆及身体实践对居民和游客群体的乡遗记忆构建进行了对比分析,并从自身因素、外界因素、协调力量及关键因素4个方面探索居民乡遗记忆构建的影响因素,以及从身体感觉及身体实践两个方面探索游客乡遗记忆建构的影响因素,为如何保留与延续乡遗记忆给予启示意义。
The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is a major decision-making arrangement made by the Party's 19 th National Congress. It is a comprehensive and historic task of building a well-off society in an all-round way as well as a socialist modernized country in an all-round way. At present, the traditional Chinese villages have been declining or even disappearing.The protection and continuation of rural memories have become an important topic in the strategy of rural rejuvenation. As an important part of rural memories,the construction and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage in ancient village have also become one of the core topics of current non-heritage conservation and utilization. Yangjiabu is a national "intangible cultural village" that integrates new year paintings and kites. It is also the only "double heritage village" in China. The article takes Yangjiabu as an example,which is representative and typical. Based on the memories space(including symbolism space,life space,production space and commercial space),the article makes a contrastive analysis of the memories construction of residents and tourists from cultural landscapes, festivals and physical practices. And the article explores the influencing factors of resident memory construction from four aspects:self factor, external factor, coordination force and key factors,as well as explores the influencing factors of tourist memory construction from two aspects of physical feeling and physical practice. The study finds: First, the analytical framework for the construction of memory in rural areas was established. The conceptual framework of the construction analysis of the memory of the country is established from the three levels of memory subject, memory carrier and memory space. Second, the memory space of Yangjiabu can be divided into production space, life space, symbol space and commercial space. The change of memory space of Yangjiabu can be divided into three stages. Third, residents and tourists, as the main body of the memory construction, show significant differences in construction. Fourth, the factors affecting the construction of the memory of residents and tourists are different. Finally, the article gives some enlightenment for the preservation and continuation of memory for intangible cultural heritage in ancient village:In the development of urbanization and tourism, retaining a certain memory space has become the key to the construction of memory in rural areas. For residents, the objective guarantee of the market and the active measures to encourage residents to inherit the New Year painting and kite industry can help retain the residents of the memory; for tourists, the body feeling and physical practice of the tourists should start with the appropriate promotion measures to leave a deep memory.
The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is a major decision-making arrangement made by the Party's 19 th National Congress. It is a comprehensive and historic task of building a well-off society in an all-round way as well as a socialist modernized country in an all-round way. At present, the traditional Chinese villages have been declining or even disappearing.The protection and continuation of rural memories have become an important topic in the strategy of rural rejuvenation. As an important part of rural memories,the construction and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage in ancient village have also become one of the core topics of current non-heritage conservation and utilization. Yangjiabu is a national "intangible cultural village" that integrates new year paintings and kites. It is also the only "double heritage village" in China. The article takes Yangjiabu as an example,which is representative and typical. Based on the memories space(including symbolism space,life space,production space and commercial space),the article makes a contrastive analysis of the memories construction of residents and tourists from cultural landscapes, festivals and physical practices. And the article explores the influencing factors of resident memory construction from four aspects:self factor, external factor, coordination force and key factors,as well as explores the influencing factors of tourist memory construction from two aspects of physical feeling and physical practice. The study finds: First, the analytical framework for the construction of memory in rural areas was established. The conceptual framework of the construction analysis of the memory of the country is established from the three levels of memory subject, memory carrier and memory space. Second, the memory space of Yangjiabu can be divided into production space, life space, symbol space and commercial space. The change of memory space of Yangjiabu can be divided into three stages. Third, residents and tourists, as the main body of the memory construction, show significant differences in construction. Fourth, the factors affecting the construction of the memory of residents and tourists are different. Finally, the article gives some enlightenment for the preservation and continuation of memory for intangible cultural heritage in ancient village:In the development of urbanization and tourism, retaining a certain memory space has become the key to the construction of memory in rural areas. For residents, the objective guarantee of the market and the active measures to encourage residents to inherit the New Year painting and kite industry can help retain the residents of the memory; for tourists, the body feeling and physical practice of the tourists should start with the appropriate promotion measures to leave a deep memory.
引文
[1] 国家统计局.2016年中国城镇化率达到57.35%[EB/OL].(2017-01-20)[2017-08-08].http://money.163.com/17/0120/10/CB7GVOLH002580S6.html.
[2] 张茜翼.两会观察:10年消失90万自然村,中国古村落亟待保护[EB/OL].(2015-03-10)[2017-08-08].http://www.chinanews.com/cul/2015/03-10/7117801.shtml.
[3] 刘沛林.新型城镇化建设中“留住乡愁”的理论与实践探索[J].地理研究,2015,34(7):1205-1212.
[4] 杨同卫,苏永刚.论城镇化过程中乡村记忆的保护与保存[J].山东社会科学,2014(1):68-71.
[5] 马海燕.中国10年消失90万个古村落,冯骥才吁立法保护[EB/OL].(2015-07-19)[2017-08-08].http://www.chinanews.com/cul/2015/07-19/7414210.shtml.
[6] 莫里斯·哈布瓦赫.论集体记忆[M].毕然,郭金华,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2002.
[7] 高萍.社会记忆理论研究综述[J].西北民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011(3):112-120.
[8] 钱莉莉,张捷,郑春晖,等.地理学视角下的集体记忆研究综述[J].人文地理,2015(6):7-12.
[9] 李虎.仪式展演·集体记忆·他者表述:基于一个客家村落“会期”仪式之思考[J].民俗研究,2011(4):249-259.
[10] 钱力成,张翮翾.社会记忆研究:西方脉络、中国图景与方法实践[J].社会学研究,2015(6):215-237.
[11] AZARYAHU M.RePlacing memory:the reorientation of Buchenwald[J].Cultural geographies,2003,10(1):1-20.
[12] JOHNSON N C.The spectacle of memory: Ireland’s remembrance of the Great War,1919[J].Journal of historical geography,1999,25(1):36-56.
[13] BLUNT A.Collective memory and productive nostalgia:Anglo-Indian homemaking at McCluskieganj[J]. Environment & planning D society & space,2003,21(6):717-738.
[14] ATKINSON D.Kitsch geographies and the everyday spaces of social memory[J].Environment & planning A,2007,39(3):521-540.
[15] 黄维,梁璐,李凡.文本、冲突与展演视角下的西方记忆地理研究评述[J].人文地理,2016(4):17-25.
[16] NAGEL C.Reconstructing space,re-creating memory:sectarian politics and urban development in post-war Beirut[J].Political geography,2002,21(5):717-725.
[17] THRIFT N,DEWSBURY J D.Dead geographies—and how to make them live[J].Environment & planning D:society & space,2000,18(4):411-432.
[18] EDENSOR T.The ghosts of industrial ruins:ordering and disordering memory in excessive space[J].Environment & planning D:society & space,2005,23(6):43-64.
[19] 郑宇.集体记忆的构建与演化:箐口村哈尼族“集体失忆”的阐释[J].思想战线,2008,34(3):20-24.
[20] 苏醒,杨慧,梁虎.旅游开发背景下女性历史记忆的变迁:以大理千年白族村落诺邓为例[J].旅游研究,2010,2(2):20-25.
[21] 汪芳,孙瑞敏.传统村落的集体记忆研究:对纪录片《记住乡愁》进行内容分析为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(12):2368-2380.
[22] 侍非,毛梦如,唐文跃,等.仪式活动视角下的集体记忆和象征空间的建构过程及其机制研究:以南京大学校庆典礼为例[J].人文地理,2015(1):56-63.
[23] 袁同凯,房静静.论记忆的空间性叙事[J].新疆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(1):53-60.
[24] 李凡,朱竑,黄维.从地理学视角看城市历史文化景观集体记忆的研究[J].人文地理,2010(4):60-66.
[25] 郭巍.城市旅游形象及其标志性节庆活动主题创新研究:以苏州国际旅游节为例[J].思想战线,2013,39(3):149-150.
[26] 王敏,林钿,江荣灏,等.传统节庆、身体与展演空间:基于人文地理学视觉量化方法的研究[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):671-684.
[27] 李菲.身体与传承:非物质文化遗产研究的范式转型[J].思想战线,2014,40(6):110-116.
[28] 孙峰.从集体记忆到社会记忆[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.
[29] 潘澜,林璧属,王昆欣.探索旅游体验记忆的影响因素:中国旅游情景下的研究[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(1):49-56.
[30] 保继刚,孟凯,章倩滢.旅游引导的乡村城市化:以阳朔历村为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(8):1422-1434.
[31] 赵悦,石美玉.非物质文化遗产旅游开发中的三大矛盾探析[J].旅游学刊,2013,28(9):84-93.
[32] 郭永平.身体实践与仪式展演:集体化时代大寨妇女的社会记忆[J].西北民族研究,2015(3):184-193.
①本文所指“居民”为在当地社区居住、生活和工作的人员,以与旅游活动中的游客相对应。
[2] 张茜翼.两会观察:10年消失90万自然村,中国古村落亟待保护[EB/OL].(2015-03-10)[2017-08-08].http://www.chinanews.com/cul/2015/03-10/7117801.shtml.
[3] 刘沛林.新型城镇化建设中“留住乡愁”的理论与实践探索[J].地理研究,2015,34(7):1205-1212.
[4] 杨同卫,苏永刚.论城镇化过程中乡村记忆的保护与保存[J].山东社会科学,2014(1):68-71.
[5] 马海燕.中国10年消失90万个古村落,冯骥才吁立法保护[EB/OL].(2015-07-19)[2017-08-08].http://www.chinanews.com/cul/2015/07-19/7414210.shtml.
[6] 莫里斯·哈布瓦赫.论集体记忆[M].毕然,郭金华,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2002.
[7] 高萍.社会记忆理论研究综述[J].西北民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011(3):112-120.
[8] 钱莉莉,张捷,郑春晖,等.地理学视角下的集体记忆研究综述[J].人文地理,2015(6):7-12.
[9] 李虎.仪式展演·集体记忆·他者表述:基于一个客家村落“会期”仪式之思考[J].民俗研究,2011(4):249-259.
[10] 钱力成,张翮翾.社会记忆研究:西方脉络、中国图景与方法实践[J].社会学研究,2015(6):215-237.
[11] AZARYAHU M.RePlacing memory:the reorientation of Buchenwald[J].Cultural geographies,2003,10(1):1-20.
[12] JOHNSON N C.The spectacle of memory: Ireland’s remembrance of the Great War,1919[J].Journal of historical geography,1999,25(1):36-56.
[13] BLUNT A.Collective memory and productive nostalgia:Anglo-Indian homemaking at McCluskieganj[J]. Environment & planning D society & space,2003,21(6):717-738.
[14] ATKINSON D.Kitsch geographies and the everyday spaces of social memory[J].Environment & planning A,2007,39(3):521-540.
[15] 黄维,梁璐,李凡.文本、冲突与展演视角下的西方记忆地理研究评述[J].人文地理,2016(4):17-25.
[16] NAGEL C.Reconstructing space,re-creating memory:sectarian politics and urban development in post-war Beirut[J].Political geography,2002,21(5):717-725.
[17] THRIFT N,DEWSBURY J D.Dead geographies—and how to make them live[J].Environment & planning D:society & space,2000,18(4):411-432.
[18] EDENSOR T.The ghosts of industrial ruins:ordering and disordering memory in excessive space[J].Environment & planning D:society & space,2005,23(6):43-64.
[19] 郑宇.集体记忆的构建与演化:箐口村哈尼族“集体失忆”的阐释[J].思想战线,2008,34(3):20-24.
[20] 苏醒,杨慧,梁虎.旅游开发背景下女性历史记忆的变迁:以大理千年白族村落诺邓为例[J].旅游研究,2010,2(2):20-25.
[21] 汪芳,孙瑞敏.传统村落的集体记忆研究:对纪录片《记住乡愁》进行内容分析为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(12):2368-2380.
[22] 侍非,毛梦如,唐文跃,等.仪式活动视角下的集体记忆和象征空间的建构过程及其机制研究:以南京大学校庆典礼为例[J].人文地理,2015(1):56-63.
[23] 袁同凯,房静静.论记忆的空间性叙事[J].新疆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(1):53-60.
[24] 李凡,朱竑,黄维.从地理学视角看城市历史文化景观集体记忆的研究[J].人文地理,2010(4):60-66.
[25] 郭巍.城市旅游形象及其标志性节庆活动主题创新研究:以苏州国际旅游节为例[J].思想战线,2013,39(3):149-150.
[26] 王敏,林钿,江荣灏,等.传统节庆、身体与展演空间:基于人文地理学视觉量化方法的研究[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):671-684.
[27] 李菲.身体与传承:非物质文化遗产研究的范式转型[J].思想战线,2014,40(6):110-116.
[28] 孙峰.从集体记忆到社会记忆[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.
[29] 潘澜,林璧属,王昆欣.探索旅游体验记忆的影响因素:中国旅游情景下的研究[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(1):49-56.
[30] 保继刚,孟凯,章倩滢.旅游引导的乡村城市化:以阳朔历村为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(8):1422-1434.
[31] 赵悦,石美玉.非物质文化遗产旅游开发中的三大矛盾探析[J].旅游学刊,2013,28(9):84-93.
[32] 郭永平.身体实践与仪式展演:集体化时代大寨妇女的社会记忆[J].西北民族研究,2015(3):184-193.
①本文所指“居民”为在当地社区居住、生活和工作的人员,以与旅游活动中的游客相对应。