塔北古隆起的三维地质结构及相关问题探讨
|
摘要
盆地深层构造地质学的研究可以揭示沉积盆地早期的物质记录,揭示盆地深层地质结构、构造样式及其变化特点,还原构造-古地理环境等。塔北古隆起是塔里木盆地油气最富集的构造单元之一,是研究板块内部变形的理想场所。对塔北古隆起地质结构的精细解析有利于加深对古隆起控油气理论的理解,对深层海相油气勘探具有指导意义。文中基于整个塔北地区的地震资料以及大量钻井资料,建立其三维地质结构,通过Petrel软件实现三维可视化。塔北古隆起存在12个不整合面,可划分为五大构造层:基底(AnZ)、震旦系—下古生界(Z-S)、上古生界(D3d-P)、中生界(T-K1)、新生界(E-Q)构造层。塔北古隆起的地质结构受其深层主干断裂系统控制,依据深层主干断裂发育模式的差异,可将古隆起分为4段:(Ⅰ)温宿凸起段;(Ⅱ)英买力低凸起段;(Ⅲ)哈拉哈塘凹陷与轮南低凸起段;(Ⅳ)草湖凹陷与库尔勒鼻状凸起段。哈拉哈塘凹陷-库尔勒鼻状凸起(甚至包括孔雀河斜坡)的古生界构造层保留了NE-SW向的古生代构造形迹,与近E-W向深层主干断裂系统斜交,可能指示塔北古隆起在晚古生代处于右旋压扭性或NW-SE向主应力环境,直到侏罗纪—早白垩世才发生改变。
Structural geology of deep sedimentary basins can reveal the basins'early stage material records as well as their geological structures,structural styles and changing characteristics,and restore the basins'tectono-paleogeography.The Tabei paleo-uplift is one of the most petroleum rich tectonic elements in the Tarim Basin,making it an ideal place to explore the deformation behaviors in the interior of the tectonic plates.Through detailed geological structural studies,we can enhance our understanding of the paleo-uplift control theory for guiding deep marine petroleum exploration.In this paper,based on seismic and drilling data covering most northern Tarim Basin,we developed a 3-D geological model of the Tabei paleo-uplift and performed the Petrel 3-D visualization.The Tabei paleo-uplift has twelve unconformities and can be divided into five structural layers:basement(AnZ),Sinian-Lower Paleozoic(Z-S),Upper Paleozoic(D3d-P),Mesozoic(T-K1)and Cenozoic(E-Q)structural layers.The structural framework of the Tabei paleo-uplift is controlled by its major fault system and can be divided into four segments according to developmental variations of the major fault:(Ⅰ)the Wensu uplift;(Ⅱ)the Yingmaili lower uplift;(Ⅲ)the Halahatang sag and Lunnan lower uplift;and(Ⅳ)the Caohu sag and Korla nose-shaped uplift.The Halahatang Sag-Korla nose-shaped uplift(may even include the Kongquehe slope)retains the Paleozoic structural features of NESW trending,and makes an oblique crossing with the NEE-SWW trending major fault system.We hypothesize that dextral transpression might have been the main tectonic setting during the Paleozoic until the JurassicEarly Cretaceous.
Structural geology of deep sedimentary basins can reveal the basins'early stage material records as well as their geological structures,structural styles and changing characteristics,and restore the basins'tectono-paleogeography.The Tabei paleo-uplift is one of the most petroleum rich tectonic elements in the Tarim Basin,making it an ideal place to explore the deformation behaviors in the interior of the tectonic plates.Through detailed geological structural studies,we can enhance our understanding of the paleo-uplift control theory for guiding deep marine petroleum exploration.In this paper,based on seismic and drilling data covering most northern Tarim Basin,we developed a 3-D geological model of the Tabei paleo-uplift and performed the Petrel 3-D visualization.The Tabei paleo-uplift has twelve unconformities and can be divided into five structural layers:basement(AnZ),Sinian-Lower Paleozoic(Z-S),Upper Paleozoic(D3d-P),Mesozoic(T-K1)and Cenozoic(E-Q)structural layers.The structural framework of the Tabei paleo-uplift is controlled by its major fault system and can be divided into four segments according to developmental variations of the major fault:(Ⅰ)the Wensu uplift;(Ⅱ)the Yingmaili lower uplift;(Ⅲ)the Halahatang sag and Lunnan lower uplift;and(Ⅳ)the Caohu sag and Korla nose-shaped uplift.The Halahatang Sag-Korla nose-shaped uplift(may even include the Kongquehe slope)retains the Paleozoic structural features of NESW trending,and makes an oblique crossing with the NEE-SWW trending major fault system.We hypothesize that dextral transpression might have been the main tectonic setting during the Paleozoic until the JurassicEarly Cretaceous.
引文
[1]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地古生界古隆起和中、新生界前陆逆冲带构造及其控油意义[G]∥童晓光,梁狄刚,贾承造.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.北京:科学出版社,1996:225-234.
[2]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):209-223.
[3]何登发,李德生,童晓光,等.多期叠加盆地古隆起控油规律[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):475-488.
[4]何登发,谢晓安.中国克拉通盆地中央古隆起与油气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,1997(2):11-19.
[5]冉启贵,陈发景,张光亚.中国克拉通古隆起的形成,演化及与油气的关系[J].现代地质,1997(4):478-487.
[6]汪泽成,赵文智.海相古隆起在油气成藏中的作用[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(4):26-32.
[7]赵文智.中国海相石油地质与叠合含油气盆地[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:360.
[8]贾承造.21世纪初中国石油地质理论问题与陆上油气勘探战略[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005:411.
[9]赵靖舟,王清华,时保宏,等.塔里木古生界克拉通盆地海相油气富集规律与古隆起控油气论[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):703-712.
[10]何登发,李德生,王成善,等.中国沉积盆地深层构造地质学的研究进展与展望[J].地学前缘,2017,24(3):219-233.
[11]何登发,孙方原,何金有,等.温宿北-野云沟断裂的构造几何学与运动学特征及塔北隆起的成因机制[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):917-934.
[12]贾承造.盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:1-70.
[13]张宗命,贾承造.塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油气方向[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997(3):8-13.
[14]JIA C Z.Tectonic characteristics and petroleum,Tarim Basin,China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:1-438.
[15]韩剑发,王招明,潘文庆,等.轮南古隆起控油理论及其潜山准层状油气藏勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):448-453.
[16]邬光辉,李启明,肖中尧,等.塔里木盆地古隆起演化特征及油气勘探[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):124-130.
[17]徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):114-119.
[18]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):142-147.
[19]程海艳,李江海,赵星.塔北隆起古生代构造样式和构造反演[J].中国地质,2009,36(2):314-321.
[20]程海艳,李江海,赵星,等.塔北隆起二叠纪岩浆岩产状的地震解释及其侵位模式[J].岩石学报,2010,26(1):283-290.
[21]赵岩,李曰俊,孙龙德,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起中-新生界伸展构造及其成因探讨[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):253-264.
[22]ZHOU X B,LI J H,LI W S,et al.Tectonic units division of crystalline basement in the Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(Suppl 2):127.
[23]张守安,杨克明.塔里木盆地不整合油气藏特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996(3):91-100.
[24]李洪铎,艾华国.不整合面上下部的储盖组合:塔里木盆地油气成藏的关键因素[J].中国西部油气地质,2006(4):40-45.
[25]张云鹏,任建业,阳怀忠,等.塔里木盆地轮南低凸起构造特征及演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(3):440-447.
[26]罗小龙,汤良杰,谢大庆,等.塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸中生界底界不整合及其油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):30-36.
[27]汤良杰,金之钧,张一伟,等.塔里木盆地北部隆起负反转构造及其地质意义[J].现代地质,1999(1):93-98.
[28]魏国齐,贾承造,施央申,等.塔北隆起北部中新生界张扭性断裂系统特征[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):19-24.
[29]何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.塔里木盆地北部隆起负反转构造成因机制探讨[J].地质科学,2001,36(2):234-240.
[30]崔泽宏,王志欣,汤良杰.塔北隆起北部叠加断裂构造特征与成因背景分析[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):378-385.
[31]崔海峰,郑多明,董雪华,等.塔北隆起牙哈构造带断裂特征与油气成藏[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(1):73-76.
[32]刘伟.塔里木盆地孔雀河斜坡区域不整合特征及与油气成藏的关系[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[33]张宁宁.塔北隆起英买力低凸起的形成演化与油气聚集[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013.
[34]安传杰.塔北隆起轴部断裂系统及成因机制[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017.
[35]何磊.塔北隆起西段构造演化及其控油气作用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017.
[36]孙龙德,李曰俊.塔里木盆地轮南低凸起:一个复式油气聚集区[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):296-304.
[37]李曰俊,杨海军,张光亚,等.重新划分塔里木盆地塔北隆起的次级构造单元[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2466-2478.
[38]桂宝玲,何登发,闫福旺,等.廊固凹陷的三维精细地质结构[J].地质科学,2011(3):787-797.
[39]刘少华,程朋根,陈红华.三维地质建模及可视化研究[J].桂林理工大学学报,2003,23(2):154-158.
[40]许志琴,李思田,张建新,等.塔里木地块与古亚洲/特提斯构造体系的对接[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):1-22.
[41]陈槚俊,何登发,孙方源,等.温宿凸起构造几何学与运动学特征[J].新疆石油地质,2018(3):318-325.
[42]CHEN Y,XU B,ZHAN S,et al.First mid-Neoproterozoic paleomagnetic results from the Tarim Basin(NW China)and their geodynamic implications[J].Precambrian Research,2004,133(3):271-281.
[43]ZHAN S,CHEN Y,XU B,et al.Late Neoproterozoic paleomagnetic results from the Sugetbrak Formation of the Aksu area,Tarim Basin(NW China)and their implications to paleogeographic reconstructions and the Snowball Earth hypothesis[J].Precambrian Research,2007,154(3):143-158.
[44]ZHANG C L,LI Z X,LI X H,et al.Neoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms at the northern margin of the Tarim Block,NW China:age,geochemistry,petrogenesis and tectonic implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2009,35(2):167-179.
[45]张健,张传林,李怀坤,等.再论塔里木北缘阿克苏蓝片岩的时代和成因环境:来自锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素的新证据[J].岩石学报,2014,30(11):3357-3365.
[46]何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):14-21.
[47]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.
[48]张宇航,汤良杰,云露,等.塔里木盆地关键构造变革期不整合特征及其地质意义[J].世界地质,2012,31(2):306-314.
[49]汪泽成.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[50]万天丰.中国大地构造学[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.
[51]张善文.渤海湾盆地前古近系油气地质与远景评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.
[52]齐英敏,李曰俊,王月然,等.塔里木盆地西北缘沙井子构造带断裂构造分析[J].地质科学,2012,47(2):265-277.
[53]朱文斌,舒良树,孙岩,等.塔里木北缘晚新生代断裂活动的年代学[J].矿物学报,2004,24(3):225-230.
[54]汤良杰.塔里木盆地演化和构造样式[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[55]汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,等.塔里木盆地多期盐构造与油气聚集[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34(增刊1):89-97.
[56]王燮培,严俊君.塔里木盆地北部断裂格架分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1995(3):237-242.
[57]李世琴,唐鹏程,饶刚.南天山库车褶皱-冲断带喀拉玉尔滚构造带新生代变形特征及其控制因素[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2013,38(4):859-869.
[58]WEN L,LI Y J,ZHANG G Y,et al.Evolution of foldthrust belts and Cenozoic uplifting of the South Tianshan Mountain range in the Kuqa region,Northwest China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2017,135:327-337.
[59]张宁宁,何登发,孙方源,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起英买2号背斜的成因机制与构造模型[J].地质科学,2013,48(1):133-148.
[60]姚泽伟,何光玉,郑晓丽,等.塔北草湖凹陷形成演化新认识及油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(3):370-375.
[61]陈槚俊,王峰,孙方源.塔北隆起东部巴里英断裂的几何学与运动学特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(5):976-983.
[62]李萌,汤良杰,李宗杰,等.塔北南坡差异构造隆升及其对古岩溶发育的影响[J].现代地质,2015,29(3):684-691.
[63]孙丽莎,黄宝春.塔里木地块奥陶纪古地磁新结果及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7):168-180.
[2]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):209-223.
[3]何登发,李德生,童晓光,等.多期叠加盆地古隆起控油规律[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):475-488.
[4]何登发,谢晓安.中国克拉通盆地中央古隆起与油气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,1997(2):11-19.
[5]冉启贵,陈发景,张光亚.中国克拉通古隆起的形成,演化及与油气的关系[J].现代地质,1997(4):478-487.
[6]汪泽成,赵文智.海相古隆起在油气成藏中的作用[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(4):26-32.
[7]赵文智.中国海相石油地质与叠合含油气盆地[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:360.
[8]贾承造.21世纪初中国石油地质理论问题与陆上油气勘探战略[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005:411.
[9]赵靖舟,王清华,时保宏,等.塔里木古生界克拉通盆地海相油气富集规律与古隆起控油气论[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):703-712.
[10]何登发,李德生,王成善,等.中国沉积盆地深层构造地质学的研究进展与展望[J].地学前缘,2017,24(3):219-233.
[11]何登发,孙方原,何金有,等.温宿北-野云沟断裂的构造几何学与运动学特征及塔北隆起的成因机制[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):917-934.
[12]贾承造.盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:1-70.
[13]张宗命,贾承造.塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油气方向[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997(3):8-13.
[14]JIA C Z.Tectonic characteristics and petroleum,Tarim Basin,China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:1-438.
[15]韩剑发,王招明,潘文庆,等.轮南古隆起控油理论及其潜山准层状油气藏勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):448-453.
[16]邬光辉,李启明,肖中尧,等.塔里木盆地古隆起演化特征及油气勘探[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):124-130.
[17]徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):114-119.
[18]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):142-147.
[19]程海艳,李江海,赵星.塔北隆起古生代构造样式和构造反演[J].中国地质,2009,36(2):314-321.
[20]程海艳,李江海,赵星,等.塔北隆起二叠纪岩浆岩产状的地震解释及其侵位模式[J].岩石学报,2010,26(1):283-290.
[21]赵岩,李曰俊,孙龙德,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起中-新生界伸展构造及其成因探讨[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):253-264.
[22]ZHOU X B,LI J H,LI W S,et al.Tectonic units division of crystalline basement in the Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(Suppl 2):127.
[23]张守安,杨克明.塔里木盆地不整合油气藏特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996(3):91-100.
[24]李洪铎,艾华国.不整合面上下部的储盖组合:塔里木盆地油气成藏的关键因素[J].中国西部油气地质,2006(4):40-45.
[25]张云鹏,任建业,阳怀忠,等.塔里木盆地轮南低凸起构造特征及演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(3):440-447.
[26]罗小龙,汤良杰,谢大庆,等.塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸中生界底界不整合及其油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):30-36.
[27]汤良杰,金之钧,张一伟,等.塔里木盆地北部隆起负反转构造及其地质意义[J].现代地质,1999(1):93-98.
[28]魏国齐,贾承造,施央申,等.塔北隆起北部中新生界张扭性断裂系统特征[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):19-24.
[29]何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.塔里木盆地北部隆起负反转构造成因机制探讨[J].地质科学,2001,36(2):234-240.
[30]崔泽宏,王志欣,汤良杰.塔北隆起北部叠加断裂构造特征与成因背景分析[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):378-385.
[31]崔海峰,郑多明,董雪华,等.塔北隆起牙哈构造带断裂特征与油气成藏[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(1):73-76.
[32]刘伟.塔里木盆地孔雀河斜坡区域不整合特征及与油气成藏的关系[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[33]张宁宁.塔北隆起英买力低凸起的形成演化与油气聚集[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013.
[34]安传杰.塔北隆起轴部断裂系统及成因机制[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017.
[35]何磊.塔北隆起西段构造演化及其控油气作用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017.
[36]孙龙德,李曰俊.塔里木盆地轮南低凸起:一个复式油气聚集区[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):296-304.
[37]李曰俊,杨海军,张光亚,等.重新划分塔里木盆地塔北隆起的次级构造单元[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2466-2478.
[38]桂宝玲,何登发,闫福旺,等.廊固凹陷的三维精细地质结构[J].地质科学,2011(3):787-797.
[39]刘少华,程朋根,陈红华.三维地质建模及可视化研究[J].桂林理工大学学报,2003,23(2):154-158.
[40]许志琴,李思田,张建新,等.塔里木地块与古亚洲/特提斯构造体系的对接[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):1-22.
[41]陈槚俊,何登发,孙方源,等.温宿凸起构造几何学与运动学特征[J].新疆石油地质,2018(3):318-325.
[42]CHEN Y,XU B,ZHAN S,et al.First mid-Neoproterozoic paleomagnetic results from the Tarim Basin(NW China)and their geodynamic implications[J].Precambrian Research,2004,133(3):271-281.
[43]ZHAN S,CHEN Y,XU B,et al.Late Neoproterozoic paleomagnetic results from the Sugetbrak Formation of the Aksu area,Tarim Basin(NW China)and their implications to paleogeographic reconstructions and the Snowball Earth hypothesis[J].Precambrian Research,2007,154(3):143-158.
[44]ZHANG C L,LI Z X,LI X H,et al.Neoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms at the northern margin of the Tarim Block,NW China:age,geochemistry,petrogenesis and tectonic implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2009,35(2):167-179.
[45]张健,张传林,李怀坤,等.再论塔里木北缘阿克苏蓝片岩的时代和成因环境:来自锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素的新证据[J].岩石学报,2014,30(11):3357-3365.
[46]何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):14-21.
[47]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.
[48]张宇航,汤良杰,云露,等.塔里木盆地关键构造变革期不整合特征及其地质意义[J].世界地质,2012,31(2):306-314.
[49]汪泽成.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[50]万天丰.中国大地构造学[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.
[51]张善文.渤海湾盆地前古近系油气地质与远景评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.
[52]齐英敏,李曰俊,王月然,等.塔里木盆地西北缘沙井子构造带断裂构造分析[J].地质科学,2012,47(2):265-277.
[53]朱文斌,舒良树,孙岩,等.塔里木北缘晚新生代断裂活动的年代学[J].矿物学报,2004,24(3):225-230.
[54]汤良杰.塔里木盆地演化和构造样式[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[55]汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,等.塔里木盆地多期盐构造与油气聚集[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34(增刊1):89-97.
[56]王燮培,严俊君.塔里木盆地北部断裂格架分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1995(3):237-242.
[57]李世琴,唐鹏程,饶刚.南天山库车褶皱-冲断带喀拉玉尔滚构造带新生代变形特征及其控制因素[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2013,38(4):859-869.
[58]WEN L,LI Y J,ZHANG G Y,et al.Evolution of foldthrust belts and Cenozoic uplifting of the South Tianshan Mountain range in the Kuqa region,Northwest China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2017,135:327-337.
[59]张宁宁,何登发,孙方源,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起英买2号背斜的成因机制与构造模型[J].地质科学,2013,48(1):133-148.
[60]姚泽伟,何光玉,郑晓丽,等.塔北草湖凹陷形成演化新认识及油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(3):370-375.
[61]陈槚俊,王峰,孙方源.塔北隆起东部巴里英断裂的几何学与运动学特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(5):976-983.
[62]李萌,汤良杰,李宗杰,等.塔北南坡差异构造隆升及其对古岩溶发育的影响[J].现代地质,2015,29(3):684-691.
[63]孙丽莎,黄宝春.塔里木地块奥陶纪古地磁新结果及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7):168-180.