甘肃酒泉西部地区下白垩统下沟组—中沟组沉积相特征与早白垩世盆地演化
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摘要
早白垩世酒泉盆地是1个由断陷盆地和坳陷盆地叠置的复合盆地,主要经历了早白垩世断陷和新生代前陆盆地2个演化阶段。早白垩世时期,受西伯利亚板块、太平洋板块和印度板块的共同作用,以及深部热事件的影响,酒西地区处于松弛拉张裂陷阶段,从早到晚发育完整的下白垩统赤金桥组—赤金堡组—下沟组—中沟组,地层厚度总体为西南厚、北部薄。下白垩统的沉积岩相分析表明,下沟组和中沟组岩性以山前粗碎屑岩、河流相砂岩和湖泊相泥岩为主,自下而上分别由粗—细—粗和粗—细的沉积序列组成。下沟组辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系及基性火山岩均形成于湖盆裂陷最大的时期;中沟组为冲积扇-曲流河沉积体系,为盆地坳陷萎缩期的产物。酒泉盆地早白垩世水体西南部深、北部浅,沉积、沉降中心位于昌马—旱峡一带,以湖相沉积为主,新民堡、红柳峡地区则属于湖盆北部边缘,以三角洲-滨浅湖沉积为主。酒西地区早白垩世沉积序列和沉积相时空发育的特征显现了盆地从初始断陷(赤金桥组、赤金堡组)、中期扩张发展(下沟组)至最终坳陷萎缩(中沟组)的演化过程。
Jiuquan Basin is a composite basin which experienced rifting and depression stages in the Early Cretaceous.The basin expe rienced the evolution phases of rifted basin in the Early Cretaceous and foreland basin in the Cenozoic.Affected by the joint action of Siberia plate,Pacific plate and India plate as well as the thermal event in depth,Jiuxi area was in an extensional rifting phase during the Early Cretaceous.The sediments can be divided in upward succession into Chijinqiao Formation,Chijinpu Formation,Xiagou Formation and Zhonggou Formation.The strata are thick in the southwest and thin in the north.Studies of the sedimentary facies show that the Xiagou and Zhonggou Formations were mainly characterized by the coarse clastic rock in foreland of mountain,fluvial sandstone and lacustrine mudstone,and coarse-fine-coarse and coarse-fine sedimentary successions comprised the Xiagou Formation and the Zhonggou Formation respectively.The Xiagou Formation developed lacustrine-braided fluvial delta facies and basic volcanic rocks,corresponding to the maximum rifting degree,whereas the Zhonggou Formation developed fluvial fan-meandering river facies,corresponding to the shrinkage of the depression.Studies show that the lake was deep in southwest Jiuquan basin while shallow in northern Jiuquan basin in the Early Cretaceous.The center of subsidence and depocenter were located in the Changma-Hanxia area,dominated by lacustrine deposits;the north border was in Xinminpu-Hongliuxia area,dominated by delta-shallow lake deposits.In a word,the characteristics of sedimentary successions and sedimentary environments of the lower Cretaceous strata in Jiuxi area indicate a complete tectonic cycle starting with embryonic rifting stage(Chijinqiao Formation and Chijinpu Formation),followed then by extensional rifting stage(Xiagou Formation) and finally by depression shrinkage stage(Zhonggou Formation).
Jiuquan Basin is a composite basin which experienced rifting and depression stages in the Early Cretaceous.The basin expe rienced the evolution phases of rifted basin in the Early Cretaceous and foreland basin in the Cenozoic.Affected by the joint action of Siberia plate,Pacific plate and India plate as well as the thermal event in depth,Jiuxi area was in an extensional rifting phase during the Early Cretaceous.The sediments can be divided in upward succession into Chijinqiao Formation,Chijinpu Formation,Xiagou Formation and Zhonggou Formation.The strata are thick in the southwest and thin in the north.Studies of the sedimentary facies show that the Xiagou and Zhonggou Formations were mainly characterized by the coarse clastic rock in foreland of mountain,fluvial sandstone and lacustrine mudstone,and coarse-fine-coarse and coarse-fine sedimentary successions comprised the Xiagou Formation and the Zhonggou Formation respectively.The Xiagou Formation developed lacustrine-braided fluvial delta facies and basic volcanic rocks,corresponding to the maximum rifting degree,whereas the Zhonggou Formation developed fluvial fan-meandering river facies,corresponding to the shrinkage of the depression.Studies show that the lake was deep in southwest Jiuquan basin while shallow in northern Jiuquan basin in the Early Cretaceous.The center of subsidence and depocenter were located in the Changma-Hanxia area,dominated by lacustrine deposits;the north border was in Xinminpu-Hongliuxia area,dominated by delta-shallow lake deposits.In a word,the characteristics of sedimentary successions and sedimentary environments of the lower Cretaceous strata in Jiuxi area indicate a complete tectonic cycle starting with embryonic rifting stage(Chijinqiao Formation and Chijinpu Formation),followed then by extensional rifting stage(Xiagou Formation) and finally by depression shrinkage stage(Zhonggou Formation).
引文
[1]左国朝,刘义科,李相博.蒙甘青地区侏罗纪开合盆山构造格局及原型盆地沉积特征[J].地质通报,2008,29(3):303-311.
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[7]李明杰,谢结来,潘良云.祁连山北缘冲断带西段构造特征[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):438-444.
[8]段宏亮.酒西坳陷构造样式分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(3):353-354.
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[10]孟自芳.旱峡剖面新民堡群的古地磁学研究[J].沉积学报,1988,6(2):106-117.
[11]杨经绥,孟繁聪,张建新,等.重新认识阿尔金断裂东段红柳峡火山岩的时代及构造意义[J].中国科学(D辑)增刊,2001,44(4):372-381.
[12]李奋其.中国西北部南北向伸展构造存在的新证据——酒泉早白垩世半地堑断陷成因初探[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2003,23(2):35-42.
[13]李奋其,王成善,王崇孝.酒泉早白垩世盆地群构造特征和成因[J].地质学报,1984,8(4):255-240.
[14]霍永录,谭试典.酒泉盆地陆相石油地质特征及勘探实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:66-68.
[15]郭召杰,张志诚.阿尔金盆地群构造类型与演化[J].地质论评,1998,44(4):357-364.
[16]苏建平,吴保祥,雷怀彦,等.甘肃酒西白垩纪盆地沉积构成及盆地演化动力学分析[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):568-573.
[17]何光玉,陈汉林,肖安成,等.酒泉侏罗纪含煤盆地性质、原型及资源潜力[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(3):313-317.
[18]陈启林,周洪瑞,李相博.蒙甘青地区早白垩世原型盆地特征及其对烃源岩分布的控制[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(6):656-663.
[19]李相博,陈启林,魏伟,等.蒙甘青地区白垩纪原型盆地分布特征及盆山格局[J].球科学与环境学报,2006,28(3):4-30.
[20]姚金福,朱莲芳.酒西盆地石北地区晚侏罗世—早白垩世沉积相研究[J].石油与天然气地质,1989.7(4):105-111.
[21]郭彦如,王新民,刘文岭.银根-额济纳旗盆地含油气系统特征与油气勘探前景[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(6):4-8.
[22]郭彦如,陈文,穆剑,等.阿尔金断裂系及其邻区中—新生代构造演化[J].地质论评,2002,48(增刊):169-175.
[23]吕锡敏,任战利,陈启林.银根盆地基底构造特征及其控盆意义[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(1):18
[24]付国民,李永军,梁志录.酒西白垩纪盆地沉积构成及盆地演化动力学分析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2003,23(1):31-36.
[25]王晓丰,张志诚,郭召杰,等.酒西盆地南缘旱峡早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(4):569-577.
[26]牛绍武.甘肃酒泉盆地晚期中生代地层[J].地层学杂志,1987,11(1):1-22.
[27]宋杰已.甘肃省的白垩系[J].甘肃地质学报,1993,(增刊):1249.
[28]方世虎,宋岩,赵孟军,等.就西盆地中新生代碎屑组分特征及指示意义[J].地学前缘,2010,17(5):306-314.
[29]朱莲芳,马宝林.酒泉盆地西部下白至统沉积相及含油性[J].石油学报,1981,2(4):11-21.
[30]马其鸿,林启彬,叶春辉,等.酒泉盆地西部赤金堡组与新民堡群的划分和对比[J].地层学杂志,1982,6(2):112-120.
[31]马其鸿,林启彬,叶春辉,等.甘肃酒泉盆地西部新民堡群的划分和对比[J].地层学杂志,1984,8(4):255-240.
[32]胡艳霞,徐东来.甘肃玉门下沟地区早白垩世下沟组介形类[J].2005,22(2):173-184.
[33]高波,程克明,樊太亮,等.酒西拗陷下白垩统藻纹层发育环境及形成机制[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(4):44-48.
[34]邓胜徽,卢远征.甘肃酒泉盆地早白垩世植物化石及其古气候意义[J].地质学报,2008,82(1):104-116.
[35]王晓丰,张志诚,郭召杰,等.酒西盆地早白垩世沉积特征及原型盆地恢复[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(3):303-311.
[36]刘宝睿,杨克绳,刘东艳,等.论河西走廊陆盆的演化和最终形成期[J].地质论评,2009,55(1):25-31.
[37]端木合顺,朱莲芳.酒西盆地下白垩统下沟组重力流水下扇沉积[J].沉积学报,1990,8(2):75-85.
[38]李海兵,杨经绥.青藏高原北部白垩纪隆升的证据[J].地学前缘,2004,11(4):345-359.
[39]董传万,竺国强,俞仲辉,等.浙江新昌硅化木赋存地层岩石学与古生态环境研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2002,29(2):202-208.
[40]郑媛,周家云,朱创业,等.四川射洪硅化木国家地质公园景观特征及成因[J].旅游资源,2006.22(3):286-288.
[2]邵济安,张履桥,牟保磊.大兴安岭中南段中生代的构造热演化[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(3):193-200.
[3]李双林,欧阳自远.兴蒙造山带及邻区构造格局与构造演化海洋地质与第四纪地质[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1998,18(3):45-54.
[4]肖序常.青藏高原构造演化及隆升的简要评述[J].地质论评,1998,29(3):303-311.
[5]李相博,郭彦如,王新民,等.酒泉盆地南缘推覆构造特征及油气勘探方向[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(4):299-301.
[6]王崇孝,马国福,周在华.酒泉盆地中、新生代构造演化及沉积充填特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(1):33-36.
[7]李明杰,谢结来,潘良云.祁连山北缘冲断带西段构造特征[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):438-444.
[8]段宏亮.酒西坳陷构造样式分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(3):353-354.
[9]李奋其.酒泉盆地形成机制与演化[D].成都理工大学博士学位论文,2004.
[10]孟自芳.旱峡剖面新民堡群的古地磁学研究[J].沉积学报,1988,6(2):106-117.
[11]杨经绥,孟繁聪,张建新,等.重新认识阿尔金断裂东段红柳峡火山岩的时代及构造意义[J].中国科学(D辑)增刊,2001,44(4):372-381.
[12]李奋其.中国西北部南北向伸展构造存在的新证据——酒泉早白垩世半地堑断陷成因初探[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2003,23(2):35-42.
[13]李奋其,王成善,王崇孝.酒泉早白垩世盆地群构造特征和成因[J].地质学报,1984,8(4):255-240.
[14]霍永录,谭试典.酒泉盆地陆相石油地质特征及勘探实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:66-68.
[15]郭召杰,张志诚.阿尔金盆地群构造类型与演化[J].地质论评,1998,44(4):357-364.
[16]苏建平,吴保祥,雷怀彦,等.甘肃酒西白垩纪盆地沉积构成及盆地演化动力学分析[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):568-573.
[17]何光玉,陈汉林,肖安成,等.酒泉侏罗纪含煤盆地性质、原型及资源潜力[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(3):313-317.
[18]陈启林,周洪瑞,李相博.蒙甘青地区早白垩世原型盆地特征及其对烃源岩分布的控制[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(6):656-663.
[19]李相博,陈启林,魏伟,等.蒙甘青地区白垩纪原型盆地分布特征及盆山格局[J].球科学与环境学报,2006,28(3):4-30.
[20]姚金福,朱莲芳.酒西盆地石北地区晚侏罗世—早白垩世沉积相研究[J].石油与天然气地质,1989.7(4):105-111.
[21]郭彦如,王新民,刘文岭.银根-额济纳旗盆地含油气系统特征与油气勘探前景[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(6):4-8.
[22]郭彦如,陈文,穆剑,等.阿尔金断裂系及其邻区中—新生代构造演化[J].地质论评,2002,48(增刊):169-175.
[23]吕锡敏,任战利,陈启林.银根盆地基底构造特征及其控盆意义[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(1):18
[24]付国民,李永军,梁志录.酒西白垩纪盆地沉积构成及盆地演化动力学分析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2003,23(1):31-36.
[25]王晓丰,张志诚,郭召杰,等.酒西盆地南缘旱峡早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(4):569-577.
[26]牛绍武.甘肃酒泉盆地晚期中生代地层[J].地层学杂志,1987,11(1):1-22.
[27]宋杰已.甘肃省的白垩系[J].甘肃地质学报,1993,(增刊):1249.
[28]方世虎,宋岩,赵孟军,等.就西盆地中新生代碎屑组分特征及指示意义[J].地学前缘,2010,17(5):306-314.
[29]朱莲芳,马宝林.酒泉盆地西部下白至统沉积相及含油性[J].石油学报,1981,2(4):11-21.
[30]马其鸿,林启彬,叶春辉,等.酒泉盆地西部赤金堡组与新民堡群的划分和对比[J].地层学杂志,1982,6(2):112-120.
[31]马其鸿,林启彬,叶春辉,等.甘肃酒泉盆地西部新民堡群的划分和对比[J].地层学杂志,1984,8(4):255-240.
[32]胡艳霞,徐东来.甘肃玉门下沟地区早白垩世下沟组介形类[J].2005,22(2):173-184.
[33]高波,程克明,樊太亮,等.酒西拗陷下白垩统藻纹层发育环境及形成机制[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(4):44-48.
[34]邓胜徽,卢远征.甘肃酒泉盆地早白垩世植物化石及其古气候意义[J].地质学报,2008,82(1):104-116.
[35]王晓丰,张志诚,郭召杰,等.酒西盆地早白垩世沉积特征及原型盆地恢复[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(3):303-311.
[36]刘宝睿,杨克绳,刘东艳,等.论河西走廊陆盆的演化和最终形成期[J].地质论评,2009,55(1):25-31.
[37]端木合顺,朱莲芳.酒西盆地下白垩统下沟组重力流水下扇沉积[J].沉积学报,1990,8(2):75-85.
[38]李海兵,杨经绥.青藏高原北部白垩纪隆升的证据[J].地学前缘,2004,11(4):345-359.
[39]董传万,竺国强,俞仲辉,等.浙江新昌硅化木赋存地层岩石学与古生态环境研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2002,29(2):202-208.
[40]郑媛,周家云,朱创业,等.四川射洪硅化木国家地质公园景观特征及成因[J].旅游资源,2006.22(3):286-288.
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