肯尼亚地质矿产资源特征及找矿远景
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摘要
通过对肯尼亚地层、构造、岩浆岩及矿产资源分布与特征的研究,认为肯尼亚基础地质工作程度总体偏低,缺乏系统的成矿规律研究。地层单元大致可分为前寒武系变质基底、上古生—中生界沉积岩系和新生界火山岩沉积岩系3类,大地构造位于非洲中东部泛非构造运动所形成的莫桑比克带上,区内经历了多期次构造岩浆活动。优势矿产资源为金、铜、煤和铁矿,其中金矿主要赋存于肯尼亚西南部地区前寒武系绿岩带和西部地区的莫桑比克带内,铜矿主要在肯尼亚裂谷两侧莫桑比克带内,煤矿主要蕴含于东南部地区的古生界上石炭统—二叠系页岩中。此外,肯尼亚油气资源潜力巨大,陆域产油地层主要为中新统中深湖相厚层泥岩,图尔卡纳湖及周边地区为重点勘探区域。
This work discussed the strata, structures, magmatic rocks and distribution and characteristics of mineral resources in Kenya. It is preliminarily considered that the work of fundamental geology in Kenya is generally poor, which is in lack of systematic metallogeny study. The stratigraphic units can be divided into three categories, i.e., the Precambrian metamorphic basement, Upper Paleozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and Cenozoic volcanic sedimentary rocks. The tectonic structure of Kenya is located in the Mozambique belt which was formed by Pan-African tectonic movement in central and eastern Africa. Kenya has experienced multiple periods of tectonic magmatic activities. The dominant minerals in Kenya are gold, copper, coal and iron. Among them, gold deposits mainly occur in the Precambrian greenstone belt of southwestern Kenya and the Mozambique belt of western Kenya. Copper deposits are mainly discovered in the Mozambique belt on both sides of the Kenya Rift Valley. Coal mines are mainly hosted in the Upper Carboniferous-Permian shale in the southeastern area. In addition, its oil and gas resources have a great potential. The continental oil-producing strata are mainly thick mudstone of middle-deep lacustrine facies of Miocene. The Lake Turkana and its surrounding area are key exploration areas.
This work discussed the strata, structures, magmatic rocks and distribution and characteristics of mineral resources in Kenya. It is preliminarily considered that the work of fundamental geology in Kenya is generally poor, which is in lack of systematic metallogeny study. The stratigraphic units can be divided into three categories, i.e., the Precambrian metamorphic basement, Upper Paleozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and Cenozoic volcanic sedimentary rocks. The tectonic structure of Kenya is located in the Mozambique belt which was formed by Pan-African tectonic movement in central and eastern Africa. Kenya has experienced multiple periods of tectonic magmatic activities. The dominant minerals in Kenya are gold, copper, coal and iron. Among them, gold deposits mainly occur in the Precambrian greenstone belt of southwestern Kenya and the Mozambique belt of western Kenya. Copper deposits are mainly discovered in the Mozambique belt on both sides of the Kenya Rift Valley. Coal mines are mainly hosted in the Upper Carboniferous-Permian shale in the southeastern area. In addition, its oil and gas resources have a great potential. The continental oil-producing strata are mainly thick mudstone of middle-deep lacustrine facies of Miocene. The Lake Turkana and its surrounding area are key exploration areas.
引文
郭丽娜,郭荣涛,2012.国际前寒武纪地质年代表划分方案研究进展[J].地质学刊,36(1):1-7.
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王建光,彭俊,袁扬森,等,2017.坦桑尼亚马拉—穆索马绿岩带金矿地质特征及成矿规律浅析[J].地质与勘探,53(2):406-412.
杨克绳,江培海,刘东艳,2010.肯尼亚曼德拉台盆和安札裂谷盆地油气勘探讨论[J].油气地质与采收率,17(6):35-38.
Bruhn R L,Brown F H,Gathogo P N,et al.,2011.Pliocene volcano-tectonics and paleogeography of the Turkana Basin,Kenya and Ethiopia [J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,59(2/3):295-312.
Chorowicz J,2005.The East African rift system [J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,43(1/2/3):379-410.
Hetzel R,Strecker M R,1994.Late Mozambique Belt structures in western Kenya and their influence on the evolution of the Cenozoic Kenya Rift [J].Journal of Structural Geology,16(2):189-201.
Kuehn S,1992.Gold mineralization characteristics and tectonic background in Tanzania and south-west Kenya [J].Overseas Precambrian Geology,(1):66-72.
黄远成,杨宗文,2015.肯尼亚基图伊地区铜矿地质特征及找矿潜力分析[J].贵州地质,32(2):126-131.
贾屾,2017.肯尼亚北部裂谷盆地类型和演化及其对烃源岩的控制作用[J].海洋地质前言,33(2):19-25.
孟宪梁,高博禹,马宝林,等,1993.肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚宝石矿地质特征[J].建材地质(2):20-24.
王建光,彭俊,袁扬森,等,2017.坦桑尼亚马拉—穆索马绿岩带金矿地质特征及成矿规律浅析[J].地质与勘探,53(2):406-412.
杨克绳,江培海,刘东艳,2010.肯尼亚曼德拉台盆和安札裂谷盆地油气勘探讨论[J].油气地质与采收率,17(6):35-38.
Bruhn R L,Brown F H,Gathogo P N,et al.,2011.Pliocene volcano-tectonics and paleogeography of the Turkana Basin,Kenya and Ethiopia [J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,59(2/3):295-312.
Chorowicz J,2005.The East African rift system [J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,43(1/2/3):379-410.
Hetzel R,Strecker M R,1994.Late Mozambique Belt structures in western Kenya and their influence on the evolution of the Cenozoic Kenya Rift [J].Journal of Structural Geology,16(2):189-201.
Kuehn S,1992.Gold mineralization characteristics and tectonic background in Tanzania and south-west Kenya [J].Overseas Precambrian Geology,(1):66-72.