华南沿岸大型河流粘土矿物组合特征及对南海北部沉积物的贡献
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摘要
为系统分析华南大陆沿岸河流沉积物的粘土矿物组成特征,及其对南海北部陆架粘土粒级沉积物的贡献,通过采集6条大型(年输沙量>0.5 Mt/year)沿岸河流沉积物样品及南海北部陆架区表层沉积物,运用X射线衍射(XRD)方法进行了粘土矿物测试.结果显示:九龙江、韩江与漠阳江高岭石与伊利石含量之和超过90%;除榕江蒙脱石含量达18%,其他河流蒙脱石含量极低;6条河流沉积物中绿泥石含量极低,仅珠江和鉴江含9%绿泥石.分析表明:(1)华南沿岸6条大型河流粘土矿物组成区别明显,可用以指示南海北部沉积物来源;(2)南海北部陆架区伊利石与绿泥石主要来自台西南河流;高岭石来自珠江、漠阳江及鉴江;蒙脱石来自榕江及珠江三角洲-大鹏湾-大亚湾等沿岸区域.
In order to explain distribution characteristics of clay mineral composition in sediments from coastal rivers, and their contribution to sediments in the northern South China Sea(NSCS), we collected sediment samples from six major rivers along the South China coast whose annual sediment discharge is greater than 500 thousand tons, together with surface sediment samples in the NSCS.The results show that(1) the total percentage of illite and kaolinite in sediments from the Han, Jiulong and Moyang rivers is more than 90%,(2) smectite percentage in coastal river sediments is very low except for the Rong river(18%),(3) sediments in these six rivers have low chlorite percentage, and only the Jian and Pearl rivers can reach 9%.The clay mineral assemblages in sediments from the above rivers are different from each other, which can be used to identify sediment sources in the NSCS.On the NSCS continental shelf, illite and chlorite mainly originate from the southwestern Taiwan, while kaolinite is primarily sourced from Jian, Moyang and Pearl Rivers.Smectite is largely derived from the Rong River, and area ranged from the Pearl River Delta to the Dapeng and Daya Bays.
In order to explain distribution characteristics of clay mineral composition in sediments from coastal rivers, and their contribution to sediments in the northern South China Sea(NSCS), we collected sediment samples from six major rivers along the South China coast whose annual sediment discharge is greater than 500 thousand tons, together with surface sediment samples in the NSCS.The results show that(1) the total percentage of illite and kaolinite in sediments from the Han, Jiulong and Moyang rivers is more than 90%,(2) smectite percentage in coastal river sediments is very low except for the Rong river(18%),(3) sediments in these six rivers have low chlorite percentage, and only the Jian and Pearl rivers can reach 9%.The clay mineral assemblages in sediments from the above rivers are different from each other, which can be used to identify sediment sources in the NSCS.On the NSCS continental shelf, illite and chlorite mainly originate from the southwestern Taiwan, while kaolinite is primarily sourced from Jian, Moyang and Pearl Rivers.Smectite is largely derived from the Rong River, and area ranged from the Pearl River Delta to the Dapeng and Daya Bays.
引文
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Chen,H.W.,Chen,W.L.,2006.Hydrological Analysis of Moyangjiang River.Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower,(2):60-61,65(in Chinese).
Chen,J.Q.,2005.Hydrological Feature Analysis of Jianjiang River.Pearl River,(1):20-22,31(in Chinese).
Chen,J.R.,Zheng,X.M., 1985.Sediment Sources of Northern South China Sea Shelf and Control Factors.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,7(5):579-589,661-662(in Chinese).
Chen,S.H.,2010.Hydrological Feature Analysis of Rongjiang River.Pearl River,(4):10-11,41(in Chinese).
Diekmann,B.,Wopfner,H., 1996.Petrographic and Diagenetic Signatures of Climatic Change in Peri-and Postglacial Karoo Sediments of SW Tanzania. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 125(1):5-2 5.
Fang,J.Y.,Chen,J.,Wang,A.J.,et al.,2012.The Distribution Characteristics of Grain Size and Mineral of Surface Sediment in the Taiwan Strait.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,34(5):91-99(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ge,Q.,Chu,F.Y.,Liu,J.P.,et al.,2010.Distribution of the Clay Minerals in Surface Sediments of the South China Sea and Their Provenance.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,30(4):57-66(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,M.Y.,2014.The Provenance Study on the Yangtze River Sediments,Based on Mineralogy,Geochemistry and Detrital Zircon Dating(Dissertation).Nanjing University,Nanjing,23-24(inChinese with English abstract).
Hu,B.,Li.J.,Cui,R.,et al.,2014.Clay Mineralogy of the Riverine Sediments of Hainan Island,South China Sea:Implications for Weathering and Provnance.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,96(1):84-92.
Hu,D.,Clift,P.D.,Boning,P.,et al.,2013.Holocene Evolution in Weathering and Erosion Patterns in the Pearl River Delta. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems,14(7):2349-2368.
Li,C.S.,Shi,X.F.,Gao,S.J.,et al.,2012.Clay Mineral Composition and Their Sources for the Fluvial Sediments of Taiwanese Rivers.Chinese Science Bulletin,57(2):169-177(in Chinese).
Li,D.,2009.The Study on the Hydro-Chemical Characteristics and the Flux to the Sea about the Rivers in the East of China(Dissertation).East China Normal University,Shanghai,8-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,G.G., 1990.Clay Mineral Composition,Distribution in the China Offshore Surface Sediment and Its Geological Significance.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,12(4):470-479(in Chinese).
Li,Z.L.,2006.Erosion Mechanisms and Equilibrium Shapes of Sandy Coast of Headland Bays in South China(Dissertation).Sun Yatsen University,Guangzhou,139-143(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,J.P.,Liu,C.,Xu,K.H.,et al.,2008.Flux and Fate of Small Mountainous Rivers Derived Sediments into the Taiwan Strait.Marine Geology,256(1):65-16.
Liu,J.G.,Steinke,S.V.,Christoph,M.,et al.,2017.Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Sediment Deposition in the Northern South China Sea over the Last 50,000 Years. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,465(1):212-224.
Liu,J.G.,Xiang,R.,Chen,M.H.,et al.,2011.Influence of the Kuroshio Current Intrusion on Depositional Environment in the Northern South China Sea:Evidence from Surface Sediment Records. Marine Geology,285(1):59-68.
Liu,J.G.,Yan,W.,Chen,Z.,et al.,2012.Sediment Sources and Their Contribution along Northern Coast of the South China Sea:Evidence from Clay Minerals of Surface Sediments. Continental Shelf Research,47(10):1 56-164.
Liu,Y.L.,2013.Characteristics and Mechanisms for the Formation of Shelf Mud Deposits in the Northwestern South China Sea(Dissertation). anjing University,Nanjing,82-88(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Z.F.,2010.Clay Mineral Assemblages in Sediments of the South China Sea:East Asian Monsoon Evolution Proxies?Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(5):1012-1019(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Z.F.,Colin,C.,Huang,W.,et al.,2007.Clay Minerals in Surface Sediments of the Pearl River Drainage Basin and Their Contribution to the South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,52(4):448-456(in Chinese).
Liu,Z.F.,Li,X.J.,2011.Discussion on Smectite Formation in South China Sea Sediments.Quaternary Sciences,31(2):199-206(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Z.F.,Zhao,Y.L.,Colin,C.,et al.,2016. Source-to-S ink Transport Processes of Fluvial Sediments in the South China Sea.EarthScience Reviews, 153(1):238-273.
Milliman,J.D.,Farnsworth,K.L.,2011.River Discharge to the Coastal Ocean:A Global Synthesis.Cambridge University Press,New York,304-307.
Shao,L.,Zhao,M.,Qiao,P.J.,et al.,2013.The Characteristics of the Sediment in Northern South China Sea and Its Response to the Evolution of the Pearl River.Quaternary Sciences,33(4):760-770(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tian,X.,Xu,F.J.,Wu,S.Z.,et al.,2015.Clay Mineral Characteristics and Provenance of Continental Shelf Sediments in Eastern Hainan Island since Middle Holocene.Earth Science,40(9):1497-1504(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,J.H.,Zheng,Z., 1990.Approach of Clay Mineral and PaleoEnvironment in the Quaternary of Hanjiang Delta.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,29(2):133-136(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,W.J., 1986.The Effect of Sediment Loads Discharged by the Rivers in South China on the Coast and Shelf Journal of Sediment Research,11(4):27-36(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,W.Z.,Zhao,H.T.,1982.On Silt Sources of Lingdingyang of the Zhujiang(Pearl River)Estuary by Means of Mineralogical Analyses of the Sediments.Tropic Oceanology,1(2):97-110(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,Z.,Feng,W.K.,Liao,B L.,et al.,1993.Palaeogeographic Study in the Continental Shelf of the Northern South China Sea during the Last Stage of the Late Pleistocene.Acta Geographica Sinica,48(6):491-496,577(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiao,X.,2015.Surface Sediment Grain Size and Transport of the Beibu Gulf in South China Sea(Dissertation).Ocean University of China,Qingdao,8-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,F.,Hu,B.,Dou,Y.,et al.,2017.Sediment Provenance and Paleoenvironmental Changes in the Northwestern Shelf Mud Area of the South China Sea since the Mid-Holocene. Continental Shelf Research,144:21-30.
Xu,M.Q.,Li,C.,2003.Characteristics of Heavy Minerals Composition and Distribution in Sediment from Jiulong River Estuary.Marine Science Bulletin,22(4):32-40(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yan,H.M.,Tian,X.,Xu,F.J.,et al.,2016.Sediment Provenance of Offshore Mud Area of the Eastern Hainan Island in South China Sea since the Mid-Holocene.Haiyang Xuebao,38(7):97-106(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,Z.H.,Jia,J.J.,Wang,X.K.,et al.,2013.Characteristics and Variations of Water and Sediment Fluxes into the Sea of the Top Three Rivers of Hainan in Recent 50 Years.Marine Science Bulletin,32(1):92-99(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,Z.S., 1988.Mineralogical Assemblages and Chemical Characteristics of Clays from Sediments of the Huanghe, Changjiang,Zhujiang Rivers and Their Relationship to the Climate Environment in Their Sediment Source Areas.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,19(4):336-346(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,L.,Peng,X.C.,Zhong,H.X.,et al.,2016.Characteristics of Grain Size Distribution of Surface Sediments and Depositional Environments in the Northern Shelf Region of the South China Sea.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,36(6):111-122(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,Y.M.,Zhong,R.F.,Li,Z.Q.,2012.Sedimentary Characteristics and Transport Trend around the Mianqianhai Cape, Yangxi,China.Marine Geology Frontiers,28(3):7-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
蔡观强,彭学超,张玉兰,2011.南海沉积物物质来源研究的意义及其进展.海洋科学进展,29(1):113-121.
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