一次北方暴雨的Q矢量诊断分析研究
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摘要
考虑水汽相变的凝结潜热作用,引入广义位温,发展了包含广义位温的Q矢量,并在此基础上推导了非地转湿大气Omega方程。(1)包含广义位温的Q矢量是Omega方程的唯一强迫项,由拟涡度伸展矢量、锋生矢量和非绝热加热梯度等三项构成。(2)利用包含广义位温的Q矢量对一次北方夏季暴雨进行诊断分析,发现包含广义位温的Q矢量对降水区的垂直运动结构有良好指示意义,可以综合表征次级环流、锋生和锋消、大尺度和中尺度强迫等多种物理因素,而这些均是影响暴雨发生发展的重要因素,因而包含广义位温的Q矢量及其散度与强降水的发生发展密切相关。(3)利用美国全球预报系统24 h预报场对包含广义位温的Q矢量散度进行计算,结果表明预报的Q矢量散度在时间和空间上与观测6 h降水联系紧密,根据预报的Q矢量散度的异常能够判断降水的可能落区。
Considering the latent heating effect, a new form of Q vector containing the generalized potential temperature was derived. Based on this new Q vector, the corresponding non-geostrophic Omega equation was further developed.(1) The newly-derived Q vector consists of the enstrophy stretched vector, frontogenesis vector and the gradient of latent heating, and its divergence was the only forcing term in the Omega equation.(2) With the new Q vector, a heavy rainfall event occurred in North China was studied. It is found that the divergence of the Q vector can represent the structure of the vertical motions within the precipitation area. It comprehensively reflects the secondary vertical circulations, the frontogenesis and frontolysis, the large-scale and meso-scale forcing, etc. These physical processes are all important factors to the occurrence and development of heavy rainfall, and therefore the new Q vector showed a close relationship to the heavy precipitation.(3) Using the 24 h forecasting data from the Global Forecasting System to calculate the Q vector, the results showed that the forecasting Q vector convergence has close relationship with observed 6 h precipitation. This means that a prediction could be made based on the newly-derived Q vector.
Considering the latent heating effect, a new form of Q vector containing the generalized potential temperature was derived. Based on this new Q vector, the corresponding non-geostrophic Omega equation was further developed.(1) The newly-derived Q vector consists of the enstrophy stretched vector, frontogenesis vector and the gradient of latent heating, and its divergence was the only forcing term in the Omega equation.(2) With the new Q vector, a heavy rainfall event occurred in North China was studied. It is found that the divergence of the Q vector can represent the structure of the vertical motions within the precipitation area. It comprehensively reflects the secondary vertical circulations, the frontogenesis and frontolysis, the large-scale and meso-scale forcing, etc. These physical processes are all important factors to the occurrence and development of heavy rainfall, and therefore the new Q vector showed a close relationship to the heavy precipitation.(3) Using the 24 h forecasting data from the Global Forecasting System to calculate the Q vector, the results showed that the forecasting Q vector convergence has close relationship with observed 6 h precipitation. This means that a prediction could be made based on the newly-derived Q vector.
引文
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[2]岳彩军,曹钰,寿绍文. Q矢量研究进展[J].暴雨灾害,2010, 29(4):297-306
[3] Hoskins B J, Draghici I, Davies H C. A new look at theω-equation[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1978, 104(439):31-38
[4]周小刚,柳士俊,王秀明,等.基于准地转垂直运动方程对Q矢量的进一步探讨[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(10):2 495-2 502
[5] Davies J R. The frontogenetical forcing of secondary circulations. Part I:The duality and generalization of the Q vector[J]. Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 1991, 48(4):497-509
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[7]彭春华,洪国平,胡伯威.一种适用于中国夏季暴雨系统诊断的非地转Q矢量方程[J].气象学报, 1999, 57(4):483-492
[8]张兴旺.修改的Q矢量表达式及其应用[J].热带气象学报,1999,15(2):162-167
[9]岳彩军,郑世林,吴秦,等.湿Q矢量释用技术在登陆华东台风定量降水预报(QPF)中的应用研究[J].暴雨灾害,2016, 35(1):17-24
[10] Yue C, Shou S. A modified moist ageostrophic Q vector[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2008, 25(6):1 053-1 061
[11] Yao X, Yu Y. Non-geostrophic wet Q vector analysis and its application to typhoon torrential rain[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2000, 58(4):436-446
[12] Yao X, Yu Y, Shou S. Diagnostic analyses and application of the moist ageostrophicvector Q[J].AdvancesinAtmosphericSciences, 2004,21(1):96-102
[13]白乐生.准地转Q矢量分析及其在短期天气预报中的应用[J].气象,1988, 14(8):25-30
[14]郁淑华,骆红,陈榛妹,等.川东北涡暴雨的环境场及Q矢量分析[J].高原气象, 1991,10(1):70-77
[15]李英,张腾飞,郭荣芬.云南一次持续性暴雨过程的非地转湿Q矢量分析[J].南京气象学院学报, 2002, 25(2):259-264
[16]杨晓霞,沈桐立,刘还珠,等.非地转湿Q矢量分解在暴雨分析中的应用[J].高原气象, 2006, 25(3):464-475
[17]黄楚惠,李国平.基于螺旋度和非地转湿Q矢量的一次东移高原低涡强降水过程分析[J].高原气象, 2009, 28(2):319-326
[18]汪潮,臧增亮,潘晓滨,等.湿Q矢量在一次冷锋降雪过程中的应用[J].暴雨灾害, 2009, 28(4):295-301
[19]岳彩军. Q矢量、螺旋度、位涡及位涡反演在台风暴雨研究中的应用进展[J].暴雨灾害,2014, 33(3):193-201
[20]赵桂香,程麟生. 2001年7月山西中部一次罕见暴雨过程的诊断分析[J].高原气象, 2006, 25(6):1 083-1 091
[21]张霞,王咏青,李敏.准地转Q矢量在河南省区域暴雨过程中的诊断应用[J].气象与环境科学,2007, 30(1):39-43
[22]曹洁,高守亭,周玉淑.从流场分解角度改进Q矢量分析方法及其在暴雨动力识别中的应用[J].物理学报, 2008, 57(4):2 600-2 606
[23]高守亭.大气中尺度运动的动力学基础及预报方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2007, 191-200
[24] Yang S, Gao S, Wang D. Diagnostic analyses of the ageostrophic vector in the non-uniformly saturated, frictionless, and moist adiabatic flow[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2007, 112(D9):1 141-1 149
[25]杨帅,陈斌,高守亭.水汽螺旋度和热力螺旋度在华北强“桑拿天”过程中的分析及应用[J].地球物理学报, 2013, 56(7):2 185-2 194
[26] Riemer M, Jones S C. The downstream impact of tropical cyclones on a developing baroclinic wave in idealized scenarios of extratropical transition[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2010,136(648):617-637
[27] Grams C M, Jones S C, Davis C A. The impact of Typhoon Jangmi(2008)on the midlatitude flow. Part II:Downstream evolution[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2013, 139(677):2 165-2 180
[28]寿绍文.中尺度气象学[M].北京:气象出版社,2003
[29] Yue C J, Shou S W, Lin K P, Yao X P. Diagnosis of heavy rain near a Meiyu front using the wet Q vector partitioning method[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2003, 20(1):37-44
[2]岳彩军,曹钰,寿绍文. Q矢量研究进展[J].暴雨灾害,2010, 29(4):297-306
[3] Hoskins B J, Draghici I, Davies H C. A new look at theω-equation[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1978, 104(439):31-38
[4]周小刚,柳士俊,王秀明,等.基于准地转垂直运动方程对Q矢量的进一步探讨[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(10):2 495-2 502
[5] Davies J R. The frontogenetical forcing of secondary circulations. Part I:The duality and generalization of the Q vector[J]. Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 1991, 48(4):497-509
[6] Xu Q. Ageostrophic pseudovorticity and geostrophic C-vector forcing—A new look at the Q vector in three dimensions[J]. Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 1992, 49(12):981-990
[7]彭春华,洪国平,胡伯威.一种适用于中国夏季暴雨系统诊断的非地转Q矢量方程[J].气象学报, 1999, 57(4):483-492
[8]张兴旺.修改的Q矢量表达式及其应用[J].热带气象学报,1999,15(2):162-167
[9]岳彩军,郑世林,吴秦,等.湿Q矢量释用技术在登陆华东台风定量降水预报(QPF)中的应用研究[J].暴雨灾害,2016, 35(1):17-24
[10] Yue C, Shou S. A modified moist ageostrophic Q vector[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2008, 25(6):1 053-1 061
[11] Yao X, Yu Y. Non-geostrophic wet Q vector analysis and its application to typhoon torrential rain[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2000, 58(4):436-446
[12] Yao X, Yu Y, Shou S. Diagnostic analyses and application of the moist ageostrophicvector Q[J].AdvancesinAtmosphericSciences, 2004,21(1):96-102
[13]白乐生.准地转Q矢量分析及其在短期天气预报中的应用[J].气象,1988, 14(8):25-30
[14]郁淑华,骆红,陈榛妹,等.川东北涡暴雨的环境场及Q矢量分析[J].高原气象, 1991,10(1):70-77
[15]李英,张腾飞,郭荣芬.云南一次持续性暴雨过程的非地转湿Q矢量分析[J].南京气象学院学报, 2002, 25(2):259-264
[16]杨晓霞,沈桐立,刘还珠,等.非地转湿Q矢量分解在暴雨分析中的应用[J].高原气象, 2006, 25(3):464-475
[17]黄楚惠,李国平.基于螺旋度和非地转湿Q矢量的一次东移高原低涡强降水过程分析[J].高原气象, 2009, 28(2):319-326
[18]汪潮,臧增亮,潘晓滨,等.湿Q矢量在一次冷锋降雪过程中的应用[J].暴雨灾害, 2009, 28(4):295-301
[19]岳彩军. Q矢量、螺旋度、位涡及位涡反演在台风暴雨研究中的应用进展[J].暴雨灾害,2014, 33(3):193-201
[20]赵桂香,程麟生. 2001年7月山西中部一次罕见暴雨过程的诊断分析[J].高原气象, 2006, 25(6):1 083-1 091
[21]张霞,王咏青,李敏.准地转Q矢量在河南省区域暴雨过程中的诊断应用[J].气象与环境科学,2007, 30(1):39-43
[22]曹洁,高守亭,周玉淑.从流场分解角度改进Q矢量分析方法及其在暴雨动力识别中的应用[J].物理学报, 2008, 57(4):2 600-2 606
[23]高守亭.大气中尺度运动的动力学基础及预报方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2007, 191-200
[24] Yang S, Gao S, Wang D. Diagnostic analyses of the ageostrophic vector in the non-uniformly saturated, frictionless, and moist adiabatic flow[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2007, 112(D9):1 141-1 149
[25]杨帅,陈斌,高守亭.水汽螺旋度和热力螺旋度在华北强“桑拿天”过程中的分析及应用[J].地球物理学报, 2013, 56(7):2 185-2 194
[26] Riemer M, Jones S C. The downstream impact of tropical cyclones on a developing baroclinic wave in idealized scenarios of extratropical transition[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2010,136(648):617-637
[27] Grams C M, Jones S C, Davis C A. The impact of Typhoon Jangmi(2008)on the midlatitude flow. Part II:Downstream evolution[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2013, 139(677):2 165-2 180
[28]寿绍文.中尺度气象学[M].北京:气象出版社,2003
[29] Yue C J, Shou S W, Lin K P, Yao X P. Diagnosis of heavy rain near a Meiyu front using the wet Q vector partitioning method[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2003, 20(1):37-44