木霉对黄瓜幼苗生理特性及枯萎病防治效果的影响
|
摘要
黄瓜枯萎病是一种土传真菌病害,在设施黄瓜栽培中最为常见且危害严重,应用生物防治技术防治该病害对黄瓜安全生产具有重要意义。本研究通过平板对峙试验筛选出3株对黄瓜枯萎病菌抑制率在74%以上的拮抗木霉,分别为棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum525、哈茨木霉T.harzianum610和拟康氏木霉T.pseudokoningii 886,研究了3种木霉对黄瓜生理特性和幼苗生长作用效应及对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明:3种霉与黄瓜枯萎病菌同时接种的田间防治效果均达到78%以上,其中棘孢木霉T.asperellum525的田间防效达到81.5%。与只接种枯萎病原菌的对照相比,3种木霉与黄瓜枯萎病原菌同时接种或单一接种均可以显著提高黄瓜叶绿素含量、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力、根系总吸收面积以及黄瓜株高和茎粗,其中以拟康氏木霉T.pseudokoningii 886促进效果最强,叶绿素含量、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力、根系总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积和根系比表面积增加幅度分别达到38.7%~49.5%、32.1%~33.6%、29.5%~66.3%、10.8%~21.5%、19.6%~23.5%、17.9%~25.0%、4.9%~13.1%,株高、茎粗和全株鲜重增加幅度分别达到20.7%~28.8%、29.7%~35.1%、10.0%~10.70%。
Fusarium wilt of cucumber,a kind of soil-borne fungal disease and most common disease,has caused serious harm to cucumber under protected cultivation.The application of biological control technology on cucumber wilt is of great significance to the safe production of cucumber.In this study,three strains of antagonistic Trichoderma,with the inhibition rate of more than 74% on cucumber Fusarium wilt disease,namely T.asperellum525,T.harzianum 610 and T.pseudokoningii 886,were selected by the method of plate confrontation.The effect of Trichoderma on the physiological characteristics,seedlings growth of cucumber and the control efficacy on cucumber Fusarium wilt were investigated.The results showed that the field control efficacy of simultaneous inoculation of single Trichoderma and pathogen of cucumber Fusarium wilt was above 78%,in which the efficacy of T.asperellum 525 was the highest,up to81.5%.Compared with the control,in which the pathogen of cucumber Fusarium wilt was inoculated alone,all of treatments,including the inoculation with three Trichoderma plus pathogen of cucumber Fusarium wilt or the inoculation of single Trichoderma,significantly improved cucumber chlorophyll content,nitrate nitrogen content,nitrate reductase activity,root activity,root total absorbing area and ac-tively absorbing area of root and increased plant height and stem diameter.T.pseudokoningii 886 had the strongest effect among them and increased levels of seven physiological indicators mentioned above,with the increase rate from38.7%to49.5%,from32.1% to 33.6%,from29.5% to 66.3%,from10.8% to 21.5%,from19.6% to 23.5%,from17.9%to 25.0% and from4.9% to 13.1%,respectively.Simultaneously,the rang of increase on plant height,stem diameter or fresh weight of whole plant was from20.7% to 28.8%,from29.7% to 35.1% and from10.0% to10.70%,respectively.
Fusarium wilt of cucumber,a kind of soil-borne fungal disease and most common disease,has caused serious harm to cucumber under protected cultivation.The application of biological control technology on cucumber wilt is of great significance to the safe production of cucumber.In this study,three strains of antagonistic Trichoderma,with the inhibition rate of more than 74% on cucumber Fusarium wilt disease,namely T.asperellum525,T.harzianum 610 and T.pseudokoningii 886,were selected by the method of plate confrontation.The effect of Trichoderma on the physiological characteristics,seedlings growth of cucumber and the control efficacy on cucumber Fusarium wilt were investigated.The results showed that the field control efficacy of simultaneous inoculation of single Trichoderma and pathogen of cucumber Fusarium wilt was above 78%,in which the efficacy of T.asperellum 525 was the highest,up to81.5%.Compared with the control,in which the pathogen of cucumber Fusarium wilt was inoculated alone,all of treatments,including the inoculation with three Trichoderma plus pathogen of cucumber Fusarium wilt or the inoculation of single Trichoderma,significantly improved cucumber chlorophyll content,nitrate nitrogen content,nitrate reductase activity,root activity,root total absorbing area and ac-tively absorbing area of root and increased plant height and stem diameter.T.pseudokoningii 886 had the strongest effect among them and increased levels of seven physiological indicators mentioned above,with the increase rate from38.7%to49.5%,from32.1% to 33.6%,from29.5% to 66.3%,from10.8% to 21.5%,from19.6% to 23.5%,from17.9%to 25.0% and from4.9% to 13.1%,respectively.Simultaneously,the rang of increase on plant height,stem diameter or fresh weight of whole plant was from20.7% to 28.8%,from29.7% to 35.1% and from10.0% to10.70%,respectively.
引文
[1]吴凤芝.黄瓜连作障碍调控的研究进展[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[2]赵瑛,罗俊杰,王方,等.微生物菌肥在保护地黄瓜栽培上的应用研究进展[J].甘肃农业科技,2015(6):62-65.
[3]高晓敏,王琚钢,马立国,等.尖孢镰刀菌致病机理和化感作用研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2014,41(10):2143-2148.
[4]王秉丽.木霉粉剂的创制及在蔬菜病害生物防治中的应用[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.
[5]杨合同.木霉分类与鉴定[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2009.
[6]程莹,白寿发,庄敬华,等.木霉菌多功能生防茵剂对瓜类枯萎病的防效研究[J].现代农业科技,2010(23):157-158.
[7]庄敬华,高增贵,杨长城,等.绿色木霉菌T23对黄瓜枯萎病防治效果及其几种防御酶活性的影响[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(2):179-183.
[8]廉华,王萌,马光恕,等.磷素对甜瓜幼苗期生理指标的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(23):14-17.
[9]王涛,辛世杰,乔卫花,等.几种微生物菌肥对连作黄瓜生长及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2011(18):52-57.
[10]陈伯清,屈海泳,刘连妹,等.木霉HT-03对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2007(4):19-21.
[11]张敏,胡丽,杨春平,等.木霉L24菌株对小麦幼苗生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(4):1765-1766.
[12]陈书华,李梅,蒋细良,等.防治人参锈腐病木霉菌的筛选及防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(2):265-269.
[13]张素平.毛壳菌菌肥对黄瓜的生长、品质、产量及防病效果的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[14]宗兆锋,康振生.植物病理学原理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[15]ABO-ELYOUSR K A M,ABDEL-HAFEZ S I I,ABDEL-RAHIM I R.Isolation of Trichodermaand evaluation of their antagonistic potential against Alternaria porri[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2014,162(9):567-574.
[16]朱萍萍,凌健,席亚东,等.蔬菜土传病害生防木霉菌株资源的筛选及其防治效果评价[J].中国蔬菜,2015(8):28-33.
[17]谢红辉,韦继光,周颖,等.1株桑根腐病拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及田间防治效果[J].华南农业大学学报,2016,37(2):59-64.
[18]陈芳,郑宇,张艳春,等.生防芽孢杆菌B579的定殖及其对土壤微生态的影响[M]∥何晨阳,王琦,郭坚华.植物细菌病害与植物病害生物防治研究进展.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2010.
[19]李书强,李林会,沈江洁,等.生防菌对黄瓜枯萎病防效及其对黄瓜诱导抗性测定[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2017,31(1):53-58.
[20]谷祖敏,毕卉,张兵,等.不同木霉菌株对黄瓜枯萎病菌的拮抗作用[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(3):426-431.
[21]HERMOSA R,VITERBO A,CHET I,et al.Plant-beneficial effects of Trichoderma and of its genes[J].Microbiology,2012,158:17-25.
[22]YEDIDIA I,SRIVASTVA A K,KAPULNIK Y C.Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentrations and increased growth of cucumber plants[J].Plant and Soil,2001,23(5):235-242.
[23]VINALE F,SIVASITHAMPARAM K,GHISALBERTI E L,et al.Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(1):1-10.
[24]景芳.生防菌长枝木霉T6发酵条件优化、剂型研制及促生防病作用研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[25]袁扬,王胤晨,曾兵,等.5株木霉菌株对鸭茅生理生化指标的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(10):4-7.
[26]刘小刚,张富仓,杨启良,等.玉米叶绿素、脯氨酸、根系活力对调亏灌溉和氮肥处理的响应[J].华北农学报,2009,24(4):106-111.
[27]张良,刘好宝,顾金刚,等.长柄木霉和泾阳链霉菌复配对烟苗生长及其抗病性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(10):2961-2969.
[2]赵瑛,罗俊杰,王方,等.微生物菌肥在保护地黄瓜栽培上的应用研究进展[J].甘肃农业科技,2015(6):62-65.
[3]高晓敏,王琚钢,马立国,等.尖孢镰刀菌致病机理和化感作用研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2014,41(10):2143-2148.
[4]王秉丽.木霉粉剂的创制及在蔬菜病害生物防治中的应用[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.
[5]杨合同.木霉分类与鉴定[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2009.
[6]程莹,白寿发,庄敬华,等.木霉菌多功能生防茵剂对瓜类枯萎病的防效研究[J].现代农业科技,2010(23):157-158.
[7]庄敬华,高增贵,杨长城,等.绿色木霉菌T23对黄瓜枯萎病防治效果及其几种防御酶活性的影响[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(2):179-183.
[8]廉华,王萌,马光恕,等.磷素对甜瓜幼苗期生理指标的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(23):14-17.
[9]王涛,辛世杰,乔卫花,等.几种微生物菌肥对连作黄瓜生长及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2011(18):52-57.
[10]陈伯清,屈海泳,刘连妹,等.木霉HT-03对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2007(4):19-21.
[11]张敏,胡丽,杨春平,等.木霉L24菌株对小麦幼苗生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(4):1765-1766.
[12]陈书华,李梅,蒋细良,等.防治人参锈腐病木霉菌的筛选及防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(2):265-269.
[13]张素平.毛壳菌菌肥对黄瓜的生长、品质、产量及防病效果的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[14]宗兆锋,康振生.植物病理学原理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[15]ABO-ELYOUSR K A M,ABDEL-HAFEZ S I I,ABDEL-RAHIM I R.Isolation of Trichodermaand evaluation of their antagonistic potential against Alternaria porri[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2014,162(9):567-574.
[16]朱萍萍,凌健,席亚东,等.蔬菜土传病害生防木霉菌株资源的筛选及其防治效果评价[J].中国蔬菜,2015(8):28-33.
[17]谢红辉,韦继光,周颖,等.1株桑根腐病拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及田间防治效果[J].华南农业大学学报,2016,37(2):59-64.
[18]陈芳,郑宇,张艳春,等.生防芽孢杆菌B579的定殖及其对土壤微生态的影响[M]∥何晨阳,王琦,郭坚华.植物细菌病害与植物病害生物防治研究进展.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2010.
[19]李书强,李林会,沈江洁,等.生防菌对黄瓜枯萎病防效及其对黄瓜诱导抗性测定[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2017,31(1):53-58.
[20]谷祖敏,毕卉,张兵,等.不同木霉菌株对黄瓜枯萎病菌的拮抗作用[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(3):426-431.
[21]HERMOSA R,VITERBO A,CHET I,et al.Plant-beneficial effects of Trichoderma and of its genes[J].Microbiology,2012,158:17-25.
[22]YEDIDIA I,SRIVASTVA A K,KAPULNIK Y C.Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentrations and increased growth of cucumber plants[J].Plant and Soil,2001,23(5):235-242.
[23]VINALE F,SIVASITHAMPARAM K,GHISALBERTI E L,et al.Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(1):1-10.
[24]景芳.生防菌长枝木霉T6发酵条件优化、剂型研制及促生防病作用研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[25]袁扬,王胤晨,曾兵,等.5株木霉菌株对鸭茅生理生化指标的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(10):4-7.
[26]刘小刚,张富仓,杨启良,等.玉米叶绿素、脯氨酸、根系活力对调亏灌溉和氮肥处理的响应[J].华北农学报,2009,24(4):106-111.
[27]张良,刘好宝,顾金刚,等.长柄木霉和泾阳链霉菌复配对烟苗生长及其抗病性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(10):2961-2969.