驾驶员异常驾驶行为与人格类型调查研究
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摘要
为了研究驾驶员的异常驾驶行为与人格类型的关系,以及导致道路交通事故的可能性,采用驾驶行为问卷(DBQ)形式,将次任务从注意力流失中细化出来,与注意力流失、错误和违规构成异常驾驶行为四因子。人格类型的调查问卷采用菲尔人格测试。利用SPSS统计软件进行试调查问卷的信效度分析以及正式调查的数据分析,得到试调查问卷是可靠的,异常驾驶行为四因子两两之间具有相关性,"穿高跟鞋驾驶"的女性驾驶员易出现异常驾驶行为;大多数被调查者属于人格3与人格4,人格3中有近1/3的驾驶员易发生次任务,人格4中近1/4的驾驶员易发生次任务;通过回归分析可知异常驾驶行为与人格类型会在不同程度上诱导交通事故的发生。
In order to study the relationship between abnormal driving behaviors and personality types of drivers and its possibility of causing road traffic accidents,a driver behavior questionnaire(DBQ)is used.The secondary task is separated from lapses,which regarded as one of four factors of abnormal driving behaviors with lapses,errors,and violations.Phil Personality Test is used to distinguish personality types of drivers.SPSS is used to verify reliability and validity of questionnaires and analyze data of formal surveys.There is a correlation between abnormal driving behavior and the four factors;a female driver who wears high heels is prone to abnormal driving behaviors.Most of the drivers belong to Personality 3 and Personality 4.Nearly 1/3 drivers in Personality 3 and 1/4 drivers in Personality 4 are prone to secondary tasks.The results of regression analysis show that abnormal driving behaviors and personality types can induce traffic accidents in different degrees.
In order to study the relationship between abnormal driving behaviors and personality types of drivers and its possibility of causing road traffic accidents,a driver behavior questionnaire(DBQ)is used.The secondary task is separated from lapses,which regarded as one of four factors of abnormal driving behaviors with lapses,errors,and violations.Phil Personality Test is used to distinguish personality types of drivers.SPSS is used to verify reliability and validity of questionnaires and analyze data of formal surveys.There is a correlation between abnormal driving behavior and the four factors;a female driver who wears high heels is prone to abnormal driving behaviors.Most of the drivers belong to Personality 3 and Personality 4.Nearly 1/3 drivers in Personality 3 and 1/4 drivers in Personality 4 are prone to secondary tasks.The results of regression analysis show that abnormal driving behaviors and personality types can induce traffic accidents in different degrees.
引文
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[2]张丽霞,刘涛,潘福全,等.驾驶员因素对道路交通事故指标的影响分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(5):79-84.ZHANG Lixia,LIU Tao,PAN Fuquan,et al.A-nalysis of effects of driver factors on road traffic accident indexes[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(5):79-84.(in Chinese)
[3]陶达,张瑞,曲行达.性别、年龄和人格特质对风险驾驶行为的影响[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2016,33(6):646-652.TAO Da,ZHANG Rui,QU Xingda.The effects of gender,age and personality traits on risky driving behaviors[J].Journal of Shenzhen University(Science and Engineering Edition),2016,33(6):646-652.(in Chinese)
[4]张华.驾驶员心理特征与驾驶安全的关系研究[J].工业安全与环保,2010(2):55-56.ZHANG Hua.The Relationship between psychological characteristics of drivers and driving safety[J].Industrial Safety and Environment Protection,2010(2):55-56.(in Chinese)
[5]郭雪斌,潘晓东.驾驶员心理生理反应特性与行车安全[J].交通与运输(学术版),2005(2):88-90.GUO Xuebin,PAN Xiaodong.The reaction characteristic of Driver′s psychology and physiology to traffic safety[J].Traffic&Transportation,2005(2):88-90.(in Chinese)
[6]郑新夷,杨艳群,陈少惠.我国二十年来安全驾驶适应性因素元分析[J].人类工效学,2014,20(5):64-70.ZHENG Xinyi,YANG Yanqun,CHEN Shaohui.Meta-analysis of adaptability factors of safety driving in our country in two decades[J].Chinese Journal of Ergonomics,2014,20(5):64-70.(in Chinese)
[7]刘志强,李云霞.攻击性驾驶行为的FA和AHP评价系统研究[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,29(11):11-16.LIU Zhiqiang,LI Yunxia.Study of aggressive driving behavior evaluation system based on factor analysis and AHP[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2015,29(11):11-16.(in Chinese)
[8]王颖.基于人机交互仿真的驾驶次任务研究[D].北京:清华大学,2009.WANG Ying.In-vehicle secondary task study based on human-machine interactive simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2009.(in Chinese)
[9]STRAYER L D,et al.A comparison of the cell phone driver and the drunk driver[J].Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2006:381-384.
[10]咸化彩.次任务驾驶安全性评价指标及评价模型研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.XIAN Huacai.Research on evaluation indexes system and evaluation model for secondary task driving[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.(in Chinese)
[11]章倩.“本本族”青年驾驶人事故发生机理与驾驶行为模式研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2014.ZHANG Qian.Crash involwenmet mechanism and driving behavior pattern of chinese carless young drivers[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese)
[12]REASON J,MANSTEAD A,StRADLING S,et al.Errors and violations on the roads:a real distinction[J].Ergonomics,1990(33):1315-1332.
[13]ZKAN T,LAJUNEN T,SUMMALA H.Driver behaviour questionnaire:A follow-up study[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2006,38:386-395.
[14]LAJUNEN T,PARKER D,SUMMALA H.The manchester driver behavior Questionnaire:Across-cultural study[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2004(36):231-238.
[15]XIE C Q,PARKER D.A social psychological approach to driving violations in two Chinese cities[J].Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2002(5):293-308.
[16]SHI J,BAI Y,YING X,et al.Aberrant driving behaviors:A study of drivers in Beijing[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2010(42):1031-1040.
[17]LAWTON R,PARKER D,MANSTEAD A S R,et al.The role of affect in predicting social behaviors:The case of road traffic violations[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1997,27(14):1258-1276.