推采陷落柱工作面支承压力状态演变规律研究
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摘要
针对工作面推采陷落柱时面临的矿压威胁,充分考虑陷落柱的形成过程及其围岩地质特征,构建了陷落柱"四带"地质力学模型,并运用理论分析、数值模拟和相似模拟相结合的方法就推采陷落柱工作面支承压力演变规律进行了系统性研究.结果表明:陷落柱诱发的围岩应力在水平方向上可划分为柱体低应力带、柱边应力降低带、外围应力升高带和原岩应力稳定带;当工作面靠近及推过陷落柱时,均会产生采场超前支承压力与陷落柱应力四带耦合现象,其支承压力演变过程可分为耦合发生、耦合增强、柱体吸收、二次耦合和耦合渐散5个阶段;而推采陷落柱工作面的矿压规律与支承压力状态演变及岩体性质结合紧密.靠近陷落柱时,叠合高应力集聚的破碎顶板使支架承受更大载荷.推进陷落柱时,虽然柱体内的低应力起点使柱体区域应力呈一般水平,但陷落柱作为一个整体易沿弱面发生溃泄,尤其对于弱胶结松散陷落柱,矿压显现更加明显.
Considering the formation of collapse column and geological characteristics of its surroundings,ageomechanics model of collapse column was established.Based on this model,the evolution laws of the mining abutment pressure were systematically studied as the mining face passes a collapse column using the theoretical analysis,physical modeling and numerical simulation.The results indicate that stress zones around the collapse column could be categorized as four zones in the horizontal direction.These zones are low-stress zone of the column,the stress reduction zone of the column edge,the stress elevating zone of the column periphery and the stabilized stress zone of the surroundings.When the mining face approaches and passes a collapse column,the abutment stress in front of the face will couple with four stress zones of collapse column,and the evolution process of the abutment pressure can be divided into five stages:coupling occurrence,coupling enhancement,column absorption,quadratic coupling,and fading coupling.Besides,the mine pressure is highly related to the abutment stress evolution and rock nature.When the working face approached the column,the hydraulic supports bear more loads than usual owing to the fractured roof in which the high coupling stress accumulates.When the working face passes the column,the whole collapse column is liable to collapse,though the stress level in the column is normal,because of the delicate surfaces between the column body and surrounding rock body.This collapse phenomenon will be more serious for the collapse column in weak cementation.
Considering the formation of collapse column and geological characteristics of its surroundings,ageomechanics model of collapse column was established.Based on this model,the evolution laws of the mining abutment pressure were systematically studied as the mining face passes a collapse column using the theoretical analysis,physical modeling and numerical simulation.The results indicate that stress zones around the collapse column could be categorized as four zones in the horizontal direction.These zones are low-stress zone of the column,the stress reduction zone of the column edge,the stress elevating zone of the column periphery and the stabilized stress zone of the surroundings.When the mining face approaches and passes a collapse column,the abutment stress in front of the face will couple with four stress zones of collapse column,and the evolution process of the abutment pressure can be divided into five stages:coupling occurrence,coupling enhancement,column absorption,quadratic coupling,and fading coupling.Besides,the mine pressure is highly related to the abutment stress evolution and rock nature.When the working face approached the column,the hydraulic supports bear more loads than usual owing to the fractured roof in which the high coupling stress accumulates.When the working face passes the column,the whole collapse column is liable to collapse,though the stress level in the column is normal,because of the delicate surfaces between the column body and surrounding rock body.This collapse phenomenon will be more serious for the collapse column in weak cementation.
引文
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[8]谢广祥,杨科,常聚才,等.综放采场围岩支承压力分布及动力灾害的层厚效应[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(6):731-735.XIE Guangxiang,YANG Ke,CHANG Jucai,et al.Surrounding rock abutment pressure distribution and thickness effect of dynamic catastrophic in fully mechanized sublevel mining stope[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(6):731-735.
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[13]郝兵元,张玉江,戚庭野,等.综采面过陷落柱采动应力与柱体应力相互影响模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):192-198.HAO Bingyuan,ZHANG Yujiang,QI Tingye,et al.Simulation of interaction between mine-induced stress and stress of collapse column with fully-mechanized working face advancing[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):192-198.
[14]李振华,谢晖,李见波,等.采动影响陷落柱活化导水规律试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(12):4377-4383.LI Zhenhua,XIE Hui,LI Jianbo,et al.Experimental study of mining effect on collapse column activated water conducting mechanism[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(12):4377-4383.
[15]李振华,李见波,贺志宏.双柳煤矿陷落柱发育特征及突水危险性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):84-89.LI Zhenhua,LI Jianbo,HE Zhihong.Analysis on development characteristics of karst collapse column and water inrush risk in Shuangliu coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):84-89.
[16]姚邦华,茅献彪,魏建平,等.考虑颗粒迁移的陷落柱流固耦合动力学模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):30-35.YAO Banghua,MAO Xianbiao,WEI Jianping,et al.Study on coupled fluid-solid model for collapse columns considering the effect of particle transport[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):30-35.
[17]张文忠.陷落柱突水三维大型模拟实验系统研制及应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):56-61.ZHANG Wenzhong.Development and application of3Dlarge-scale simulation experiment system of water inrush caused by collapse column[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(1):56-61.
[18]赵国飞,康天合,杨永康,等.工作面直接过陷落柱的盐酸软化法及其试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):97-101.ZHAO Guofei,KANG Tianhe,YANG Yongkang,et al.Experimental study on coal face direct passing collapse column by hydrochloric acid softening method[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):97-101.
[19]温藏勋.工作面掘进过程中陷落柱探查与注浆加固[J].煤炭与化工,2013,36(5):112-114.WEN Zangxun.Collapse column exploring grouting reinforcement in mining face heading process[J].Coal and Chemical Industry,2013,36(5):112-114.
[20]王晋峰.注浆加固技术在综放工作面过陷落柱的应用[J].江西煤炭科技,2016,3(3):74-76.WANG Jinfeng.Application of grouting reinforcement technology along subsided column in fully mechanized caving face[J].Jiangxi Coal Science&Technology,2016,3(3):74-76.
[21]WEI Y Y,SUN S L.Comprehensive critical mechanical model of covered karst collapse under the effects of positive and negative pressure[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2018,77:177-190.
[22]LI H,BAI H B,WU J J,et al.A cascade disaster caused by geological and coupled hydro-mechanical factors:Water inrush mechanism from karst collapse column under confining pressure[J].Energies,2017,10(12):1938.
[23]尹尚先,吴文金,李永军,等.华北煤田岩溶陷落柱及其突水研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2008:3-12.YIN Shangxian,WU Wenjin,LI Yongjun,et al.Study on karst collapse column and its water inrush in North China coal field[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2008:3-12.
[24]赵毅鑫,焦振华,刘华博,等.基于GIS建模的大采高工作面矿压显现规律模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(1):33-40.ZHAO Yixin,JIAO Zhenhua,LIU Huabo,et al.Simulation of ground pressure distribution at large mining height face based on GIS techniques[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(1):33-40.
[2]张勃阳,白海波,张凯.采动影响下陷落柱的滞后突水机理研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(3):447-454.ZHANG Boyang,BAI Haibo,ZHANG Kai.Study on the mechanism of delayed water inrush of collapse column under the influence of mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(3):447-454.
[3]尹尚先,武强,王尚旭.华北煤矿区岩溶陷落柱特征及成因探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):120-123.YIN Shangxian,WU Qiang,WANG Shangxu.Studies on characters and forming mechanism of karstic collapse columns at mine area of North China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):120-123.
[4]田昌盛,师皓宇.陷落柱赋存特征对综放开采的影响分析[J].华北科技学院学报,2016,13(4):35-38.TIAN Changsheng,SHI Haoyu.Impact analysis of the occurrence characteristics of collapse column on fully mechanized caving mining[J].Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2016,13(4):35-38.
[5]焦阳,白海波.煤层底板含隐伏溶洞滞后突水机理[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(增2):377-382.JIAO Yang,BAI Haibo.Mechanism of delayed groundwater inrush from covered karst cave in coal seam floor[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(Sup 2):377-382.
[6]王新丰,高明中,李隆钦.深部采场采动应力、覆岩运移以及裂隙场分布的时空耦合规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):604-610.WANG Xinfeng,GAO Mingzhong,LI Longqin.Spatiotemporal coupling law of mining pressure,strata movement and fracture field distribution in deep stope[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):604-610.
[7]任德惠,鲜学福.论回采工作面前后方顶板压力分布区[J].煤炭学报,1980,6(2):44-50.REN Dehui,XIAN Xuefu.Distribution of roof pressure in front of and behind the working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1980,6(2):44-50.
[8]谢广祥,杨科,常聚才,等.综放采场围岩支承压力分布及动力灾害的层厚效应[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(6):731-735.XIE Guangxiang,YANG Ke,CHANG Jucai,et al.Surrounding rock abutment pressure distribution and thickness effect of dynamic catastrophic in fully mechanized sublevel mining stope[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(6):731-735.
[9]WANG Z G,ZUO J P,LI X N,et al.Numerical analyses of subsidence mechanism and deformation field of collapse columns in coal mine[J].Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2011:271-274.
[10]许进鹏,宋扬,成云海,等.陷落柱及其周边地应力分布研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(4):118-120.XU Jinpeng,SONG Yang,CHENG Yunhai,et al.Distributing of ground stress in and around karst collapse column[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2005,22(4):118-120.
[11]许进鹏,梁开武,徐新启.陷落柱形成的力学机理及数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(1):82-86.XU Jinpeng,LIANG Kaiwu,XU Xinqi.Mechanics mechanism of forming karst collapse columns and numerical simulation[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(1):82-86.
[12]张村,屠世浩,白庆升,等.陷落柱周边应力变化及推采控制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(6):974-980.ZHANG Cun,TU Shihao,BAI Qingsheng,et al.Stress changes around collapse column and the control technology by directly passing operation in longwall working face[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(6):974-980.
[13]郝兵元,张玉江,戚庭野,等.综采面过陷落柱采动应力与柱体应力相互影响模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):192-198.HAO Bingyuan,ZHANG Yujiang,QI Tingye,et al.Simulation of interaction between mine-induced stress and stress of collapse column with fully-mechanized working face advancing[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):192-198.
[14]李振华,谢晖,李见波,等.采动影响陷落柱活化导水规律试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(12):4377-4383.LI Zhenhua,XIE Hui,LI Jianbo,et al.Experimental study of mining effect on collapse column activated water conducting mechanism[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(12):4377-4383.
[15]李振华,李见波,贺志宏.双柳煤矿陷落柱发育特征及突水危险性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):84-89.LI Zhenhua,LI Jianbo,HE Zhihong.Analysis on development characteristics of karst collapse column and water inrush risk in Shuangliu coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):84-89.
[16]姚邦华,茅献彪,魏建平,等.考虑颗粒迁移的陷落柱流固耦合动力学模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):30-35.YAO Banghua,MAO Xianbiao,WEI Jianping,et al.Study on coupled fluid-solid model for collapse columns considering the effect of particle transport[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):30-35.
[17]张文忠.陷落柱突水三维大型模拟实验系统研制及应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):56-61.ZHANG Wenzhong.Development and application of3Dlarge-scale simulation experiment system of water inrush caused by collapse column[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(1):56-61.
[18]赵国飞,康天合,杨永康,等.工作面直接过陷落柱的盐酸软化法及其试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):97-101.ZHAO Guofei,KANG Tianhe,YANG Yongkang,et al.Experimental study on coal face direct passing collapse column by hydrochloric acid softening method[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):97-101.
[19]温藏勋.工作面掘进过程中陷落柱探查与注浆加固[J].煤炭与化工,2013,36(5):112-114.WEN Zangxun.Collapse column exploring grouting reinforcement in mining face heading process[J].Coal and Chemical Industry,2013,36(5):112-114.
[20]王晋峰.注浆加固技术在综放工作面过陷落柱的应用[J].江西煤炭科技,2016,3(3):74-76.WANG Jinfeng.Application of grouting reinforcement technology along subsided column in fully mechanized caving face[J].Jiangxi Coal Science&Technology,2016,3(3):74-76.
[21]WEI Y Y,SUN S L.Comprehensive critical mechanical model of covered karst collapse under the effects of positive and negative pressure[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2018,77:177-190.
[22]LI H,BAI H B,WU J J,et al.A cascade disaster caused by geological and coupled hydro-mechanical factors:Water inrush mechanism from karst collapse column under confining pressure[J].Energies,2017,10(12):1938.
[23]尹尚先,吴文金,李永军,等.华北煤田岩溶陷落柱及其突水研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2008:3-12.YIN Shangxian,WU Wenjin,LI Yongjun,et al.Study on karst collapse column and its water inrush in North China coal field[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2008:3-12.
[24]赵毅鑫,焦振华,刘华博,等.基于GIS建模的大采高工作面矿压显现规律模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(1):33-40.ZHAO Yixin,JIAO Zhenhua,LIU Huabo,et al.Simulation of ground pressure distribution at large mining height face based on GIS techniques[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(1):33-40.
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