南亚热带海岸沙地不同林分土壤微生物功能多样性及影响因素
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摘要
以福建省东山县海岸沙地4种人工林分(木麻黄Casuarina equisetifolia、卷荚相思Acacia crassicarpa、湿地松Pinus elliottii、尾巨桉Eucalyptus grandis×E. urophylla及天然次生林Secondary Forest)为研究对象,采用Biolog-eco微平板法研究了南亚热带海岸沙地表层(0～10 cm)土壤微生物碳源代谢活性及多样性特征,分析了不同树种土壤微生物功能多样性、土壤理化性质影响的差异及相关性。结表果明:1)不同林分对土理化性质的影响存在显著差异(P <0.05),与人工林分相比,天然次生林土壤有效磷、全碳、速效钾含量及阳离子交换量均较高,而4种人工林分之间差异不明显;2)主成分分析(PCA)表明,与人工林分相比,天然次生林有较独特的碳源利用方式和较高的活性;碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、胺类是滨海沙土微生物利用的主要碳源;3)土壤微生物功能指数与土壤pH、有效磷、有机碳含量显著正相关,较低的有机碳、有效磷含量可能是限制滨海沙土微生物功能发挥的关键制约因素。4)在防护林更新改造过程中可通过套种乡土阔叶树种、增施磷肥等措施,调节土壤pH值,提高土壤有机碳及有效磷含量,增强土壤微生物活性,从而促进沙土质量的持续改良。
Five kinds of typical forests growing on subtropical coastal sandy soil in Dongshan county, Fujian province were studied, such as Acacia crassicarpa plantation, Casuarina equisetifolia plantation, Pinus elliottii, Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla plantation, and natural secondary forest. By using biolog-eco microplate method, the metabolic activity and diversity of soil microbial carbon sources in the sandy surface layer(0-10 cm) of the south subtropical coast were studied, and the differences and correlations of soil microbial functional diversity and soil physical and chemical properties among different tree species were analyzed. The results are as follows.1) There were significant differences in the effects of different stands on soil physical and chemical properties(P < 0.05); Compared with the artificial forest stand, the soil available phosphorus, total carbon, available potassium and cation exchange were higher in the natural secondary forest, but the differences among the four artificial forests were not obvious. 2) The results of principal component analysis(PCA) indicate that the natural secondary forests have more unique carbon source utilization and higher activity than artificial forest stands; and carbohydrates, amino acids, and amines are the main carbon sources of microbial communities used on coastal sandy land. 3) Soil microbial functional index was positively correlated with soil pH, available phosphorus and organic carbon content, and lower organic carbon and available phosphorus content may be the key limiting factors for giving full play to microbial function in coastal sandy soil. 4) During the protection forest renovation process, native broad-leaved tree species should be inter-planted in artificial forest, and application of phosphate fertilizer should be increased to adjusting soil pH value, increase soil organic carbon and available phosphorus content, and enhance soil microbial activity, so as to promote the continuous improvement of sandy soil quality.
Five kinds of typical forests growing on subtropical coastal sandy soil in Dongshan county, Fujian province were studied, such as Acacia crassicarpa plantation, Casuarina equisetifolia plantation, Pinus elliottii, Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla plantation, and natural secondary forest. By using biolog-eco microplate method, the metabolic activity and diversity of soil microbial carbon sources in the sandy surface layer(0-10 cm) of the south subtropical coast were studied, and the differences and correlations of soil microbial functional diversity and soil physical and chemical properties among different tree species were analyzed. The results are as follows.1) There were significant differences in the effects of different stands on soil physical and chemical properties(P < 0.05); Compared with the artificial forest stand, the soil available phosphorus, total carbon, available potassium and cation exchange were higher in the natural secondary forest, but the differences among the four artificial forests were not obvious. 2) The results of principal component analysis(PCA) indicate that the natural secondary forests have more unique carbon source utilization and higher activity than artificial forest stands; and carbohydrates, amino acids, and amines are the main carbon sources of microbial communities used on coastal sandy land. 3) Soil microbial functional index was positively correlated with soil pH, available phosphorus and organic carbon content, and lower organic carbon and available phosphorus content may be the key limiting factors for giving full play to microbial function in coastal sandy soil. 4) During the protection forest renovation process, native broad-leaved tree species should be inter-planted in artificial forest, and application of phosphate fertilizer should be increased to adjusting soil pH value, increase soil organic carbon and available phosphorus content, and enhance soil microbial activity, so as to promote the continuous improvement of sandy soil quality.
引文
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[9]王楠楠,韩冬雪,孙雪,等.降水变化对红松阔叶林土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):868-876.
[10]李小容,韦金玉,陈云,等.海南岛不同林龄的木麻黄林地土壤微生物的功能多样性[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(6):608-618.
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[12]管云云,叶钰倩,钟远标,等.林窗尺度对侧柏人工林土壤微生物量和功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,39(2):1-13.
[13]厉桂香,马克明.土壤微生物多样性海拔格局研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,38(5):1-9.
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[15]叶功富.滨海沙地湿地松与木麻黄混交林构建和调控技术研究[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(4):463-468.
[16]叶功富,张立华,侯杰,等.滨海沙地木麻黄人工林细根生物量及其动态研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(4):481-485.
[17]叶功富,侯杰,张立华,等.不同年龄木麻黄林地根际土壤养分含量和酶活性动态[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):86-89.
[18]叶功富,高伟,殷亮,等.海岸基干林带木麻黄蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的动态变化特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):104-109.
[19]叶功富,张清海,卢昌义,等.滨海沙地木麻黄林生态系统的凋落物及其热值研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(1):23-28.
[20]高伟,叶功富,黄志群,等.改变碳输入对南亚热带海岸沙地典型天然次生林土壤呼吸的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,5(2):9-17.
[21]CLASSENAT,BOYLESI,HASKINSKE,etal.Community-level physiological profiles of bacteria and fungi:plate type and incubation emperature influences on contrasting soils[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2003,44(3):319-328.
[22]翟辉,张海,张超,等.黄土峁状丘陵区不同类型林分土壤微生物功能多样性[J].林业科学,2016,52(12):84-91.
[23]SCHLOTERM,DILLYO,MUNCHAJC.Indicators for evaluating soil quality[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2003,98:255-262.
[24]TEMPLER P,FINDLAY S,LOVETT G.Soil microbial biomass and nitrogen transformations among five tree species of the Catskill Mountains,New York,USA[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35:607-613.
[25]STRICKLANDMS,LAUBERC,FIERERN,etal.Testing the functional significance of microbial community composition[J].Ecology,2009,90:441-451.
[26]丁国昌,万晓华,杨起帆,等.亚热带树种转换对林地土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3751-3758.
[27]LIU Z,LIU G,FU B,et al.Relationship between plant species diversity and soil microbial functional diversity along a longitudinal gradient in temperate grasslands of Hulunbeir,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Ecological Research,2008,23(3):511-518.
[28]KLIMEK B,NIKLINSKA M,JAZWA M,et al.Covariation of soil bacteria functional diversity and vegetation diversity along an altitudinal climatic gradient in the Western Carpathians[J].Pedobiologia,2015,58(2-3):105-112.
[29]JANGID K,WILLIAMS M A,FRANZLUEBBERS A J,et al.Land-use history has a stronger impact on soil microbial community composition than aboveground vegetation and soil properties[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(10):2184-2193.
[30]游水生,叶功富,徐俊森,等.福建东山岛海岸带潺槁树种群生命表分析[J].广西植物,2009,29(1):96-102.
[31]陈超凡,吴水荣,覃林,等.南亚热带典型乡土阔叶人工林土壤微生物碳源利用及功能多样性[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(5):1132-1139.
[32]BURNS J H,ANACKER B L,STRAUSS S Y,et al.Soil microbial community variation correlates most strongly with plant species identity,followed by soil chemistry,spatial location and plant genus[J].AoB Plants,2015,528:207-240.
[33]ANDRUSCHKE WITSCHM,WACHENDORFC,SRADNICK A,et al.Soil substrate utilization pattern and relation of functional evenness of plant groups and soil microbial community in five low mountain NATURA 2000[J].Plant&Soil,2014,383(1-2):275-289.
[34]韩冬雪,王宁,王楠楠,等.不同海拔红松林土壤微生物功能多样性[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3649-3656.
[35]陈灿,林勇明,吴承祯,等.沿海木麻黄防护林土壤pH值空间变异特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(11):80-85.
[36]BRANT J B,MYROLD D D,SULZMAN E W.Root controls on soil microbial community structure in forest soils[J].Oecologia,2006,148(4):650.
[37]宋贤冲,曹继钊,唐健,等.猫儿山常绿阔叶林不同土层土壤微生物群落功能多样性[J].生态科学,2015,34(6):93-99.
[2]PRESTON-MAFHAM J,BODDY L,RANDERSON P F.Analysis of microbial community functional diversity using sole-carbon-source utilisation profiles-a critique[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2002,42(1):1-14.
[3]GARLAND J L.Analysis and interpretation of communitylevel physiological profiles in microbial ecology[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,1997,24(4):289-300.
[4]蔡进军,董立国,李生宝,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤微生物功能多样性特征[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(4):555-562.
[5]展鹏飞,肖德荣,闫鹏飞,等.藏猪扰动作用下的高寒草甸土壤退化特征及微生物群落结构变化[J].环境科学,2018(4):1-15.
[6]范垚城,覃林,王雅菲,等.东北天然次生林不同经营模式下土壤微生物碳源利用与功能多样性[J].林业科学,2016,52(7):68-77.
[7]孙雪,隋心,韩冬雪,等.原始红松林退化演替后土壤微生物功能多样性的变化[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(6):911-919.
[8]曹成有,姚金冬,韩晓姝,等.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿固沙群落土壤微生物功能多样性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2309-2315.
[9]王楠楠,韩冬雪,孙雪,等.降水变化对红松阔叶林土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):868-876.
[10]李小容,韦金玉,陈云,等.海南岛不同林龄的木麻黄林地土壤微生物的功能多样性[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(6):608-618.
[11]徐琳,张雪娇,田忠赛,等.秭归张家冲坡耕地作物类型对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(6):1555-1563.
[12]管云云,叶钰倩,钟远标,等.林窗尺度对侧柏人工林土壤微生物量和功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,39(2):1-13.
[13]厉桂香,马克明.土壤微生物多样性海拔格局研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,38(5):1-9.
[14]叶功富.海岸带木麻黄人工林生态系统研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2011.
[15]叶功富.滨海沙地湿地松与木麻黄混交林构建和调控技术研究[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(4):463-468.
[16]叶功富,张立华,侯杰,等.滨海沙地木麻黄人工林细根生物量及其动态研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(4):481-485.
[17]叶功富,侯杰,张立华,等.不同年龄木麻黄林地根际土壤养分含量和酶活性动态[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):86-89.
[18]叶功富,高伟,殷亮,等.海岸基干林带木麻黄蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的动态变化特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):104-109.
[19]叶功富,张清海,卢昌义,等.滨海沙地木麻黄林生态系统的凋落物及其热值研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(1):23-28.
[20]高伟,叶功富,黄志群,等.改变碳输入对南亚热带海岸沙地典型天然次生林土壤呼吸的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,5(2):9-17.
[21]CLASSENAT,BOYLESI,HASKINSKE,etal.Community-level physiological profiles of bacteria and fungi:plate type and incubation emperature influences on contrasting soils[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2003,44(3):319-328.
[22]翟辉,张海,张超,等.黄土峁状丘陵区不同类型林分土壤微生物功能多样性[J].林业科学,2016,52(12):84-91.
[23]SCHLOTERM,DILLYO,MUNCHAJC.Indicators for evaluating soil quality[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2003,98:255-262.
[24]TEMPLER P,FINDLAY S,LOVETT G.Soil microbial biomass and nitrogen transformations among five tree species of the Catskill Mountains,New York,USA[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35:607-613.
[25]STRICKLANDMS,LAUBERC,FIERERN,etal.Testing the functional significance of microbial community composition[J].Ecology,2009,90:441-451.
[26]丁国昌,万晓华,杨起帆,等.亚热带树种转换对林地土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3751-3758.
[27]LIU Z,LIU G,FU B,et al.Relationship between plant species diversity and soil microbial functional diversity along a longitudinal gradient in temperate grasslands of Hulunbeir,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Ecological Research,2008,23(3):511-518.
[28]KLIMEK B,NIKLINSKA M,JAZWA M,et al.Covariation of soil bacteria functional diversity and vegetation diversity along an altitudinal climatic gradient in the Western Carpathians[J].Pedobiologia,2015,58(2-3):105-112.
[29]JANGID K,WILLIAMS M A,FRANZLUEBBERS A J,et al.Land-use history has a stronger impact on soil microbial community composition than aboveground vegetation and soil properties[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(10):2184-2193.
[30]游水生,叶功富,徐俊森,等.福建东山岛海岸带潺槁树种群生命表分析[J].广西植物,2009,29(1):96-102.
[31]陈超凡,吴水荣,覃林,等.南亚热带典型乡土阔叶人工林土壤微生物碳源利用及功能多样性[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(5):1132-1139.
[32]BURNS J H,ANACKER B L,STRAUSS S Y,et al.Soil microbial community variation correlates most strongly with plant species identity,followed by soil chemistry,spatial location and plant genus[J].AoB Plants,2015,528:207-240.
[33]ANDRUSCHKE WITSCHM,WACHENDORFC,SRADNICK A,et al.Soil substrate utilization pattern and relation of functional evenness of plant groups and soil microbial community in five low mountain NATURA 2000[J].Plant&Soil,2014,383(1-2):275-289.
[34]韩冬雪,王宁,王楠楠,等.不同海拔红松林土壤微生物功能多样性[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3649-3656.
[35]陈灿,林勇明,吴承祯,等.沿海木麻黄防护林土壤pH值空间变异特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(11):80-85.
[36]BRANT J B,MYROLD D D,SULZMAN E W.Root controls on soil microbial community structure in forest soils[J].Oecologia,2006,148(4):650.
[37]宋贤冲,曹继钊,唐健,等.猫儿山常绿阔叶林不同土层土壤微生物群落功能多样性[J].生态科学,2015,34(6):93-99.