辣木瑙螟幼虫虫龄的判定
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摘要
【目的】明确辣木瑙螟幼虫最佳的分龄指标及幼虫虫龄数,为辣木瑙螟预测预报及防控提供基础资料。【方法】在实验室对辣木瑙螟幼虫头壳宽、体长和体宽3个外部形态指标进行测量,通过Dyar定律推断其龄数,并通过Crosby指数、Brook指数和回归分析对所测得的数据进行统计分析,判断分龄的合理性。【结果】辣木瑙螟幼虫分为5龄,1～5龄幼虫的头壳宽平均值分别为0.25、0.40、0.63、0.92和1.30 mm,体长平均值分别为2.09、3.69、6.10、10.09和12.93 mm,体宽平均值分别为0.34、0.57、0.94、1.33和1.92 mm。各龄幼虫头壳宽平均值的变异系数和Crosby指数最小,头壳宽与虫龄间的三次和二次线性拟合模型的相关系数最大(R2=0.9999),头壳宽与虫龄间指数拟合模型的相关系数(R2=0.9955)较高,拟合程度均较好。28℃下辣木瑙螟幼虫历期为10～13 d。【结论】辣木瑙螟幼虫分为5龄,头壳宽为辣木瑙螟幼虫虫龄判定的最佳指标,体长和体宽不适合用于辣木瑙螟幼虫虫龄的判定,其行为、体色和刚毛可为虫龄的判定提供参考。
【Objective】The optimal indexes for instar separation and larval instars of Noorda blitealis Walker were researched to provide an important foundation for forecasting and controlling of this pest.【Method】In this study,the head capsule width,body length and body width of N. blitealis were measured in laboratory,and their instars were inferred by Dyar law. Crosby index,Brook index and regression analysis were used to analyze the detected data and distinguish the rationality of larval instars separation of N. blitealis.【Result】The results showed that N. blitealis larvae could be divided into five instars,the mean head capsule width of 1 st-5 thinstars were 0.25,0.40,0.63,0.92 and 1.30 mm,the mean body length of 1 st-5 thinstars were 2.09,3.69,6.10,10.09 and 12.93 mm,and the mean body width of 1 st-5 thinstars were 0.34,0.57,0.94,1.33 and 1.92 mm. The coefficient of variation and Crosby index of the mean head capsule width of each instar were the smallest,coefficients of correlation in cubic linear fitting model and quadratic linear fitting between head capsule width and instar were the largest(R2=0.9999). The coefficient of correlation(R2=0.9955)in exponential fitting model between head capsule width and instar was large,and the fitting degree was fine. The duration of the larval stage was about 10-13 d at 28 ℃.【Conclusion】N. blitealis larvae are divided into five instars. The head capsule width is the optimal morphological index for distinguishing the larval instars,and body length and width are not suitable to identify larval instars. Behavior,body color and bristles can be used as auxiliary distinguishing criteria.
【Objective】The optimal indexes for instar separation and larval instars of Noorda blitealis Walker were researched to provide an important foundation for forecasting and controlling of this pest.【Method】In this study,the head capsule width,body length and body width of N. blitealis were measured in laboratory,and their instars were inferred by Dyar law. Crosby index,Brook index and regression analysis were used to analyze the detected data and distinguish the rationality of larval instars separation of N. blitealis.【Result】The results showed that N. blitealis larvae could be divided into five instars,the mean head capsule width of 1 st-5 thinstars were 0.25,0.40,0.63,0.92 and 1.30 mm,the mean body length of 1 st-5 thinstars were 2.09,3.69,6.10,10.09 and 12.93 mm,and the mean body width of 1 st-5 thinstars were 0.34,0.57,0.94,1.33 and 1.92 mm. The coefficient of variation and Crosby index of the mean head capsule width of each instar were the smallest,coefficients of correlation in cubic linear fitting model and quadratic linear fitting between head capsule width and instar were the largest(R2=0.9999). The coefficient of correlation(R2=0.9955)in exponential fitting model between head capsule width and instar was large,and the fitting degree was fine. The duration of the larval stage was about 10-13 d at 28 ℃.【Conclusion】N. blitealis larvae are divided into five instars. The head capsule width is the optimal morphological index for distinguishing the larval instars,and body length and width are not suitable to identify larval instars. Behavior,body color and bristles can be used as auxiliary distinguishing criteria.
引文
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陈琪,夏西聚,黄健斌,马力,王星.2016.基于外部形态特征量化分析判别菱角水螟幼虫龄期[J].应用昆虫学报,53(4):909-914.[Chen Q,Xia X J,Huang J B,Ma L,Wang X.2016.Using quantitative analysis of external morphological characteristics to distinguish larval instars of Parapoynx crisonalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(4):909-914.]
董易之,陈炳旭,徐淑,李鹏燕.2011.荔枝大造桥虫幼虫龄数的划分[J].环境昆虫学报,33(4):552-556.[Dong YZ,Chen B X,Xu S,Li P Y.2011.Division of larval instars of the litchi giant looper,Ascotis selenaria(Lepidoptera:Geometridae)[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,33(4):552-556.]
李小敏,刘君昂,欧阳博文,董文统,周斌,周国英.2017.短梳角野螟的形态描述及幼虫虫龄判断[J].植物保护,43(3):136-142.[Li X M,Liu J A,Ouyang B W,Dong WT,Zhou B,Zhou G Y.2017.Morphological characteristics and determination of Meroctena tullalis larval instars[J].Plant Protection,43(3):136-142.]
李召波,李静雯,赵楠,于毅,张安盛,翟一凡,李丽莉.2014.二点委夜蛾幼虫虫龄的测定[J].应用昆虫学报,51(5):1350-1355.[Li Z B,Li J W,Zhao N,Yu Y,Zhang A S,Zhai Y F,Li L L.2014.Determination of the larval instars of Athetis lepigone(M?schler)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(5):1350-1355.]
李召波,夏涛,田洋,段波,李海泉,张祖兵,张永科,高熹,李强.2016.辣木危险性害虫辣木瑙螟Noorda blitealis研究初报[J].生物安全学报,25(3):199-203.[Li Z B,Xia T,Tian Y,Duan B,Li H Q,Zhang Z B,Zhang Y K,Gao X,Li Q.2016.A preliminary study on dangerous pest of moringa--Noorda blitealis Walk[J].Journal of Biosafety,25(3):199-203.]
林玉英,金涛,金启安,温海波,唐雅文,彭正强.2017.椰子织蛾幼虫龄数及取食量的雌雄差异[J].环境昆虫学报,39(4):912-918.[Lin Y Y,Jin T,Jin Q A,Wen H B,Tang Y W,Peng Z Q.2017.Distinction in instars and feeding amounts between Opisina arenosella Walker female and male larvae[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,39(4):912-918.]
刘永华,章一巧,阎雄飞,郑永贵,陆鹏飞,宗世祥,骆有庆.2014.栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫龄数的确定[J].应用昆虫学报,51(5):1343-1349.[Liu Y H,Zhang Y Q,Yan X F Zheng Y G,Lu P F,Zong S X,Luo Y Q.2014.Determination of the larval instars of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(5):1343-1349.]
秦厚国,叶正襄,丁建,黄水金,罗任华.2002.温度对斜纹夜蛾发育、存活及繁殖的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,10(3):76-79.[Qin H G,Ye Z X,Ding J,Huang S J,Luo R H.2002.Efect of temperatuer on the development,survival and fecundity of Sodoptera lituar Fabricius[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,10(3):76-79.]
王芳,庾琴,郭贵明,郝赤,范仁俊.2016.梨小食心虫幼虫龄数和龄期的划分[J].应用昆虫学报,53(2):390-395.[Wang F,Yu Q,Guo G M,Hao C,Fan R J.2016.Determination of larval instar number and duration of the Grapholitha molesta(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(2):390-395.]
杨崇慧,阎伟,李朝绪,黄山春,刘丽,马子龙,覃伟权.2015.椰子木蛾幼虫龄期的划分[J].植物保护,41(2):70-74.[Yang C H,Yan W,Li C X,Huang S C,Liu L,Ma Z L,Qin W Q.2015.Division of larval instars of the coconut black-headed caterpillar,Opisina arenosella[J].Plant Protection,41(2):70-74.]
杨美红,张金桐,宗世祥,骆有庆,牛辉,林张彪.2012.榆木蠹蛾幼虫龄数的确定[J].昆虫学报,55(6):710-718.[Yang M H,Zhang J T,Zong S X,Luo Y Q,Niu H,Lin Z B.2012.Determination of the larval instar number of the carpenter moth Holcocerus vicarius(Lepidoptera:Cossidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,55(6):710-718.]
于永浩,岑冠军,韦德卫,曾宪儒,曾涛.2012.基于Crosbv生长法则的蔗根土天牛幼虫龄期划分[J].南方农业学报,43(10):1485-1489.[Yu Y H,Cen G J,Wei D W,Zeng X R,Zeng T.2012.Division of larval instars of Dorysthenes granulosus based on Crosby growth rule[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,43(10):1485-1489.]
宗世祥,骆有庆,许志春,王涛.2006.沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫龄期的初步研究[J].昆虫知识,43(5):626-631.[Zong S X,Luo Y Q,Xu Z C,Wang T.2006.Preliminary study on different larval instars of seabuckthorn carpenter moth,Holcocerus hippophaecolus[J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,43(5):626-631.]
Esperk T,Tammaru T,Nylin S.2007.Intraspecific variability in number of larval instars in insects[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,100(3):627-645.
Fantinou A A,Tsitsipis J A,Karandinos M G.1996.Effects of short and long-day photoperiods on growth and development of Sesamia nonagrioides(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)[J].Environmental Entomology,25(6):1337-1343.
Munj A Y,Patil P D,Desai S D,Naik K V.2001.Seasonal incidence of major pests of drumstick Moringa oleifera L.[J].Petology,25(2):32-34.
Satti A A,Nasr O E,Fadelmula,Ali F E.2013.New record and preliminary bio-ecological studies of the leaf caterpillar,Noorda blitealis Walker(Lepidoptera:pyralidae)in Sudan[J].International Journal of Science&Nature,4:57-62.
Selvi C,Muthukrishnan N.2011.Biology of moringa leaf caterpillar Noorda blitealis Walk.on different annual moringa accessions[J].Journal of Plant Protection&Environment,8(2):89-92.
陈琪,夏西聚,黄健斌,马力,王星.2016.基于外部形态特征量化分析判别菱角水螟幼虫龄期[J].应用昆虫学报,53(4):909-914.[Chen Q,Xia X J,Huang J B,Ma L,Wang X.2016.Using quantitative analysis of external morphological characteristics to distinguish larval instars of Parapoynx crisonalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(4):909-914.]
董易之,陈炳旭,徐淑,李鹏燕.2011.荔枝大造桥虫幼虫龄数的划分[J].环境昆虫学报,33(4):552-556.[Dong YZ,Chen B X,Xu S,Li P Y.2011.Division of larval instars of the litchi giant looper,Ascotis selenaria(Lepidoptera:Geometridae)[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,33(4):552-556.]
李小敏,刘君昂,欧阳博文,董文统,周斌,周国英.2017.短梳角野螟的形态描述及幼虫虫龄判断[J].植物保护,43(3):136-142.[Li X M,Liu J A,Ouyang B W,Dong WT,Zhou B,Zhou G Y.2017.Morphological characteristics and determination of Meroctena tullalis larval instars[J].Plant Protection,43(3):136-142.]
李召波,李静雯,赵楠,于毅,张安盛,翟一凡,李丽莉.2014.二点委夜蛾幼虫虫龄的测定[J].应用昆虫学报,51(5):1350-1355.[Li Z B,Li J W,Zhao N,Yu Y,Zhang A S,Zhai Y F,Li L L.2014.Determination of the larval instars of Athetis lepigone(M?schler)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(5):1350-1355.]
李召波,夏涛,田洋,段波,李海泉,张祖兵,张永科,高熹,李强.2016.辣木危险性害虫辣木瑙螟Noorda blitealis研究初报[J].生物安全学报,25(3):199-203.[Li Z B,Xia T,Tian Y,Duan B,Li H Q,Zhang Z B,Zhang Y K,Gao X,Li Q.2016.A preliminary study on dangerous pest of moringa--Noorda blitealis Walk[J].Journal of Biosafety,25(3):199-203.]
林玉英,金涛,金启安,温海波,唐雅文,彭正强.2017.椰子织蛾幼虫龄数及取食量的雌雄差异[J].环境昆虫学报,39(4):912-918.[Lin Y Y,Jin T,Jin Q A,Wen H B,Tang Y W,Peng Z Q.2017.Distinction in instars and feeding amounts between Opisina arenosella Walker female and male larvae[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,39(4):912-918.]
刘永华,章一巧,阎雄飞,郑永贵,陆鹏飞,宗世祥,骆有庆.2014.栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫龄数的确定[J].应用昆虫学报,51(5):1343-1349.[Liu Y H,Zhang Y Q,Yan X F Zheng Y G,Lu P F,Zong S X,Luo Y Q.2014.Determination of the larval instars of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(5):1343-1349.]
秦厚国,叶正襄,丁建,黄水金,罗任华.2002.温度对斜纹夜蛾发育、存活及繁殖的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,10(3):76-79.[Qin H G,Ye Z X,Ding J,Huang S J,Luo R H.2002.Efect of temperatuer on the development,survival and fecundity of Sodoptera lituar Fabricius[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,10(3):76-79.]
王芳,庾琴,郭贵明,郝赤,范仁俊.2016.梨小食心虫幼虫龄数和龄期的划分[J].应用昆虫学报,53(2):390-395.[Wang F,Yu Q,Guo G M,Hao C,Fan R J.2016.Determination of larval instar number and duration of the Grapholitha molesta(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(2):390-395.]
杨崇慧,阎伟,李朝绪,黄山春,刘丽,马子龙,覃伟权.2015.椰子木蛾幼虫龄期的划分[J].植物保护,41(2):70-74.[Yang C H,Yan W,Li C X,Huang S C,Liu L,Ma Z L,Qin W Q.2015.Division of larval instars of the coconut black-headed caterpillar,Opisina arenosella[J].Plant Protection,41(2):70-74.]
杨美红,张金桐,宗世祥,骆有庆,牛辉,林张彪.2012.榆木蠹蛾幼虫龄数的确定[J].昆虫学报,55(6):710-718.[Yang M H,Zhang J T,Zong S X,Luo Y Q,Niu H,Lin Z B.2012.Determination of the larval instar number of the carpenter moth Holcocerus vicarius(Lepidoptera:Cossidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,55(6):710-718.]
于永浩,岑冠军,韦德卫,曾宪儒,曾涛.2012.基于Crosbv生长法则的蔗根土天牛幼虫龄期划分[J].南方农业学报,43(10):1485-1489.[Yu Y H,Cen G J,Wei D W,Zeng X R,Zeng T.2012.Division of larval instars of Dorysthenes granulosus based on Crosby growth rule[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,43(10):1485-1489.]
宗世祥,骆有庆,许志春,王涛.2006.沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫龄期的初步研究[J].昆虫知识,43(5):626-631.[Zong S X,Luo Y Q,Xu Z C,Wang T.2006.Preliminary study on different larval instars of seabuckthorn carpenter moth,Holcocerus hippophaecolus[J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,43(5):626-631.]
Esperk T,Tammaru T,Nylin S.2007.Intraspecific variability in number of larval instars in insects[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,100(3):627-645.
Fantinou A A,Tsitsipis J A,Karandinos M G.1996.Effects of short and long-day photoperiods on growth and development of Sesamia nonagrioides(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)[J].Environmental Entomology,25(6):1337-1343.
Munj A Y,Patil P D,Desai S D,Naik K V.2001.Seasonal incidence of major pests of drumstick Moringa oleifera L.[J].Petology,25(2):32-34.
Satti A A,Nasr O E,Fadelmula,Ali F E.2013.New record and preliminary bio-ecological studies of the leaf caterpillar,Noorda blitealis Walker(Lepidoptera:pyralidae)in Sudan[J].International Journal of Science&Nature,4:57-62.
Selvi C,Muthukrishnan N.2011.Biology of moringa leaf caterpillar Noorda blitealis Walk.on different annual moringa accessions[J].Journal of Plant Protection&Environment,8(2):89-92.