考虑电动汽车充电设施接入的居民配电系统供电容量最优规划
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摘要
近年来,我国大力推进电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)在私人领域的发展和普及,提出了新建住宅停车位须100%建设充电基础设施或预留建设安装条件的要求。持续增加的私人电动汽车的充电需求给居民配电系统规划带来重大挑战。配电系统规划既要保证常规用电负荷和电动汽车充电负荷需求得到可靠保障,也要兼顾系统运行安全性和经济性,避免过高冗余导致的资源闲置浪费。在此背景下,提出了一种计及电动汽车出行规律和有序充电的居民社区配电系统容量规划的混合整数线性规划模型,并采用线性规划和二元搜索相结合的方法求解。之后,采用一个实际工程案例证明了所提方法的可行性和有效性。计算结果表明,考虑电动汽车的出行规律和有序充电管理是必要的和有效的,能明显降低居民配电系统的高峰负荷,改善配电系统运行的安全性和经济性。
In recent years,Chinese government has been strongly promoting the popularization of electric vehicles( EVs) in the private sector,and requires that newresidential buildings have the capability of fully accommodating charging infrastructure at the parking lots. The ever-increasing number of private EVs poses a challenge to distribution system planning. Distribution system planning aims to ensure that both conventional power demands and charging demands of EVs be reliably satisfied. Meanwhile,distribution system planning should well balance the security and economy of the system operation,to avoid unnecessary redundancy and hence waste of resources. Given this background,a mixed integer linear programming model for supply capacity planning of a residential distribution system is presented,with the travel patterns and coordinated charging management of EVs taken into account. The developed optimization model is then solved through the combined use of the linear programming method and binary search. Finally,a practical residential distribution system is employed to demonstrate the proposed method. Simulation results showthat it is necessary and efficient to consider the travel patterns and coordinated charging management of EVs,and the peak demand in the residential distribution system can then be significantly reduced,as well as the security and economy of the system improved.
In recent years,Chinese government has been strongly promoting the popularization of electric vehicles( EVs) in the private sector,and requires that newresidential buildings have the capability of fully accommodating charging infrastructure at the parking lots. The ever-increasing number of private EVs poses a challenge to distribution system planning. Distribution system planning aims to ensure that both conventional power demands and charging demands of EVs be reliably satisfied. Meanwhile,distribution system planning should well balance the security and economy of the system operation,to avoid unnecessary redundancy and hence waste of resources. Given this background,a mixed integer linear programming model for supply capacity planning of a residential distribution system is presented,with the travel patterns and coordinated charging management of EVs taken into account. The developed optimization model is then solved through the combined use of the linear programming method and binary search. Finally,a practical residential distribution system is employed to demonstrate the proposed method. Simulation results showthat it is necessary and efficient to consider the travel patterns and coordinated charging management of EVs,and the peak demand in the residential distribution system can then be significantly reduced,as well as the security and economy of the system improved.
引文
[1]国务院.国务院办公厅关于加快电动汽车充电基础设施建设的指导意见[EB/OL].[2018-04-27].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-10/09/content_10214.htm.
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[10]郭建龙,文福拴,袁军,等.电动汽车充电站在配电系统中电气接入点的最优选择[J].电力建设,2017,38(1):1-7.GUO Jianlong,WEN Fushuan,YUAN Jun,et al.Optimal selection of electrical connecting nodes of electric vehicle charging stations in distribution systems[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(1):1-7.
[11]王小蕾,姚伟锋,文福拴,等.电动汽车有序充电管理的综合效益分析[J].电力建设,2015,36(7):194-201.WANG Xiaolei,YAO Weifeng,WEN Fushuan,et al.Comprehensive benefit analysis of coordinated charging management of electric vehicles[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(7):194-201.
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[13]姚伟锋,赵俊华,文福拴,等.配电系统与电动汽车充电网络的协调规划[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):10-18.YAO Weifeng,ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,et al.Coordinated planning for power distribution system and electric vehicle charging infrastructure[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):10-18.
[14]HUANG Y,WEN F,LEDWICH G,et al.A multi-objective optimization approach for coordinating available transfer capability with risk control[C]//Proceedings of 2012 Conference on Power&Energy.Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam:IEEE,2013:391-396.
[15]黄裕春,杨甲甲,文福拴,等.计及接纳间歇性电源能力的输电系统规划方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(4):28-34.HUANG Yuchun,YANG Jiajia,WEN Fushuan,et al.Coordinated probabilistic optimal decision-making model for multiarea ATC with risk control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(4):28-34.
[16]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.民用建筑电气设计规范:JGJ 16-2008[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[2]广东省人民政府办公厅.广东省人民政府办公厅关于加快新能源汽车推广应用的实施意见[EB/OL].[2018-04-27].http://zwgk.gd.gov.cn/006939748/201604/t20160411_651127.html.
[3]田立亭,史双龙,贾卓.电动汽车充电功率需求的统计学建模方法[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):126-130.TIAN Liting,SHI Shuanglong,JIA Zhuo.A statistical model for charging power demand of electric vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(11):126-130.
[4]杨俊,文福拴,汪震,等.电动汽车与电力系统的交互作用[J].电力建设,2015,36(7):14-24.YANG Jun,WEN Fushuan,WANG Zhen,et al.Interactions between electric vehicles and power systems[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(7):14-24.
[5]陈婷,卫志农,吴霜,等.考虑电动汽车充电站选址定容的配电网规划[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2013,25(3):1-7.CHEN Ting,WEI Zhinong,WU Shuang,et al.Distribution network planning by considering siting and sizing of electric vehicle charging stations[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2013,25(3):1-7.
[6]吴春阳,黎灿兵,杜力,等.电动汽车充电设施规划方法[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(24):36-39.WU Chunyang,LI Canbing,DU Li,et al.A method for electric vehicle charging infrastructure planning[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(24):36-39.
[7]韩伟强,王贵斌,文福拴.电动汽车充电设施多阶段最优规划[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(5):23-30.HAN Weiqiang,WANG Guibin,WEN Fushuan.Multi-stage optimal planning of electric vehicle charging facilities[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition),2014,41(5):23-30.
[8]杨俊,廖斌杰,王小蕾,等.基于分区需求系数的电动汽车充电设施规划[J].电力建设,2015,36(7):52-60.YANG Jun,LIAO Binjie,WANG Xiaolei,et al.Planning of charging facilities of electric vehicles based on geographical zonal charging demand coefficients[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(7):52-60.
[9]戴咏夏,刘敏.电动汽车充电设施接入对配套电网建设的影响[J].电力建设,2015,36(7):89-93.DAI Yongxia,LIU Min.Impact of electric vehicle charging integration on distribution network construction[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(7):89-93.
[10]郭建龙,文福拴,袁军,等.电动汽车充电站在配电系统中电气接入点的最优选择[J].电力建设,2017,38(1):1-7.GUO Jianlong,WEN Fushuan,YUAN Jun,et al.Optimal selection of electrical connecting nodes of electric vehicle charging stations in distribution systems[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(1):1-7.
[11]王小蕾,姚伟锋,文福拴,等.电动汽车有序充电管理的综合效益分析[J].电力建设,2015,36(7):194-201.WANG Xiaolei,YAO Weifeng,WEN Fushuan,et al.Comprehensive benefit analysis of coordinated charging management of electric vehicles[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(7):194-201.
[12]RICHARDSON P,FLYNN D,KEANE A.Optimal charging of electric vehicles in low-voltage distribution systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(1):268-279.
[13]姚伟锋,赵俊华,文福拴,等.配电系统与电动汽车充电网络的协调规划[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):10-18.YAO Weifeng,ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,et al.Coordinated planning for power distribution system and electric vehicle charging infrastructure[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):10-18.
[14]HUANG Y,WEN F,LEDWICH G,et al.A multi-objective optimization approach for coordinating available transfer capability with risk control[C]//Proceedings of 2012 Conference on Power&Energy.Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam:IEEE,2013:391-396.
[15]黄裕春,杨甲甲,文福拴,等.计及接纳间歇性电源能力的输电系统规划方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(4):28-34.HUANG Yuchun,YANG Jiajia,WEN Fushuan,et al.Coordinated probabilistic optimal decision-making model for multiarea ATC with risk control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(4):28-34.
[16]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.民用建筑电气设计规范:JGJ 16-2008[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.