基于城乡转型功能分区的京津冀乡村振兴模式探析
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摘要
乡村振兴战略是我国现代乡村发展理论与实践的创新,核心在于破解乡村地域系统的"五化"问题。乡村振兴的模式及路径探究是乡村振兴的重要研究内容。我国乡村地域辽阔、类型差异万千,因此乡村振兴发展策略的制定必须充分考虑到区域的差异化特征,并在乡村分区、分类的基础上开展乡村振兴模式的探索。本文以京津冀地区为研究范围,从"人口-土地-产业"视角构建城乡转型评价指标体系,根据城乡转型的发展轨迹进行功能分区,并基于分区进行乡村振兴典型模式的梳理,以期形成区域发展样板,为京津冀乡村振兴提供理论参考,并为其他地区乡村振兴模式的梳理提供研究思路和技术支撑。
Rural Revitalization Strategy is a major innovation in the theory and practice of modern rural development which aims to solve China's rural"five trends"(i.e., five major problems). These are: the rapid non-agricultural conversion of agricultural production factors,the excessively fast aging and weakening of agricultural social subjects, the increasing emptydisuse of village construction land, the severe pollution and damage of rural water-soil environment, and the deep impoverishment of poverty-stricken rural areas. Rural revitalization mode and path analysis is an important research content. Due to the variety of China's rural types, it is necessary to make rural development strategy and summarize the mode of rural revitalization on the basis of zoning and classifying the characteristics of different regions. In this context, this research firstly measures the urban-rural transformation in Beijing-TianjinHebei region from the population-land-industry perspective based on space analytic geometry,and then develops different functional zones by using trajectory analysis method. Then modes of rural revitalization are summarized for each functional zone to provide theoretical reference for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region's rural revitalization. The results are as follows:(1) This study area is divided into four functional zones according to the characteristics of urban-rural transformation, i.e., dominant transition area, key transition area, potential transition area and restricted transition area.(2) The rural revitalization modes in the dominant transition area mainly include pulling mode of rural tourism in suburban areas and development mode of multifunctional agriculture in suburbs; the ones in the key transition area mainly include rural ecommerce driving mode, land consolidation driving mode and pastoral complex development mode; the ones in the potential transition area mainly include industrial enterprises driving mode, agricultural industrialization driving mode and eco-cultural tourism development mode;the ones in the restricted transition area mainly include development model of characteristic ecological agriculture and"Relocation+"mode.(3) It is the focus and difficulty to explore the path of rural revitalization for the further research. It is important to form an evaluation scale of rural development by constructing a series of indicator systems and then to calculate the rural revitalization degree to clarify the status and potential of the villages. We hope these findings could provide research ideas and technical support for exploring the rural revitalization modes in China's other regions.
Rural Revitalization Strategy is a major innovation in the theory and practice of modern rural development which aims to solve China's rural"five trends"(i.e., five major problems). These are: the rapid non-agricultural conversion of agricultural production factors,the excessively fast aging and weakening of agricultural social subjects, the increasing emptydisuse of village construction land, the severe pollution and damage of rural water-soil environment, and the deep impoverishment of poverty-stricken rural areas. Rural revitalization mode and path analysis is an important research content. Due to the variety of China's rural types, it is necessary to make rural development strategy and summarize the mode of rural revitalization on the basis of zoning and classifying the characteristics of different regions. In this context, this research firstly measures the urban-rural transformation in Beijing-TianjinHebei region from the population-land-industry perspective based on space analytic geometry,and then develops different functional zones by using trajectory analysis method. Then modes of rural revitalization are summarized for each functional zone to provide theoretical reference for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region's rural revitalization. The results are as follows:(1) This study area is divided into four functional zones according to the characteristics of urban-rural transformation, i.e., dominant transition area, key transition area, potential transition area and restricted transition area.(2) The rural revitalization modes in the dominant transition area mainly include pulling mode of rural tourism in suburban areas and development mode of multifunctional agriculture in suburbs; the ones in the key transition area mainly include rural ecommerce driving mode, land consolidation driving mode and pastoral complex development mode; the ones in the potential transition area mainly include industrial enterprises driving mode, agricultural industrialization driving mode and eco-cultural tourism development mode;the ones in the restricted transition area mainly include development model of characteristic ecological agriculture and"Relocation+"mode.(3) It is the focus and difficulty to explore the path of rural revitalization for the further research. It is important to form an evaluation scale of rural development by constructing a series of indicator systems and then to calculate the rural revitalization degree to clarify the status and potential of the villages. We hope these findings could provide research ideas and technical support for exploring the rural revitalization modes in China's other regions.
引文
[1]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴.地理学报,2018,73(4):1-14.[Liu Yansui.Research on the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization in the new era in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(4):1-14.]
[2]郑小玉,刘彦随.新时期中国“乡村病”的科学内涵、形成机制及调控策略,人文地理,2018,33(2):100-106.[Zheng Xiaoyu,Liu Yansui.Connotation,formation mechanism and regulation strategies of rural disease in the new epoch in China.Human geography,2018,33(2):100-106.]
[3]刘彦随.新型城镇化应治“乡村病”.人民日报,2013-09-10.[Liu Yansui.New urbanization cures"rural disease".People's Daily,2013-09-10.]
[4]刘彦随,周扬.中国美丽乡村建设的挑战与对策.农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(2):97-105.[Liu Yansui,Zhou Yang.Challenges and countermeasures for beautiful countryside construction in China.Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2015,32(2):97-105.]
[5]党国英.乡村振兴长策思考.农村工作通讯,2017,(21).[Dang Guoying.Thoughts on Rural Revitalization.Newsletter About Work in Rural Areas,2017,(21).]
[6]文魁.京津冀大棋:京津冀协同发展的战略思考.经济与管理,2014,28(6):8-12.[Wen Kui.The grand chessboard of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei:Strategic thinking of collaborative development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.Economy and Management,2014,28(6):8-12.]
[7]吴良镛.京津冀地区城乡空间发展规划研究三期报告.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.[Wu Liangyong.The Third Report on the Rural and Urban Spatial Development Planning Study for the Capital Region(Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002.
[8]Liu Yansui,Yang Yuanyuan,Li Yurui,et al.Conversion from rural settlements and arable land under rapid urbanization in Beijing during 1985-2010.Journal of Rural Studies,2017,51:141-150.]
[9]张洪,顾朝林,张燕.南京市旅游业协调发展评价:同步协调判别法.经济地理,2008,28(4):682-687.[Zhang Hong,Gu Chaolin,Zhang Yan.Evaluation of coordinate development in Nanjing tourism:Method of synchronous coordinate judgment.Economic Geography,2008,28(4):682-687.]
[10]曹广忠,边雪,刘涛.基于人口、产业和用地结构的城镇化水平评估与解释:以长三角地区为例.地理研究,2011,30(12):2139-2149.[Cao Guangzhong,Bian Xue,Liu Tao.Comprehensive evaluation of the urbanization level in Yangtze River Delta Region:An index framework based on the population,economic structure and land use.Geographical Research,2011,30(12):2139-2149.]
[11]段七零.江苏省县域经济-社会-环境系统协调性的定量评价.经济地理,2010,30(5):829-834.[Duan Qiling.Quantitative evaluation on the coordination of county-level economy-society-environment system in Jiangsu province.Economic Geography,2010,30(5):829-834.]
[12]杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼.中国环渤海地区人口-土地-产业非农化转型协同演化特征.地理研究,2015,34(3):475-486.[Yang Ren,Liu Yansui,Long Hualou.The study on non-agricultural transformation co-evolution characteristics of“population-land-industry”:Case study of the Bohai Rim in China.Geographical Research,2015,34(3):475-486.]
[13]Haas T,Westlund H,2017.In the post-urban world:Emergent transformation of cities and regions in the inovative global economy.In:Urban-rural Relations in the Post-urban World.Routledge,70-81.
[14]Lefebvre,H.,2003.The urban revolution.Minneapolis:University of Minnesota.
[15]Yang Yuanyuan,Liu Yansui,Li Yurui,et al.Measure of urban-rural transformation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the new millennium:Population-land-industry perspective.Land Use Policy,2018,79:595-608.
[16]Yang Yuanyuan,Zhang Shuwen,Wang Dongyan,et al.Spatiotemporal changes of farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China,1954-2005:A case study in Zhenlai County,Jilin Province.Sustainability,2015,7(1):1-22.
[17]刘彦随.中国新农村建设地理论.北京:科学出版社,2011.[Liu Yansui.The Theory of New Rural Construction in China.Beijing:Science Press,2011.]
[18]段巍巍,张文俐,周大迈.保定市城郊多功能农业发展模式研究.河北农业科学,2013,17(6):71-74.[Duan Weiwei,Zhang Wenli,Zhou Damai.Study on the development model of multifunctional agriculture in suburb of Baoding city.Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2013,17(6):71-74.]
[19]李俊岭.东北多功能农业功能价值实证分析.中国农业资源与区划,2009,30(2):32-36.[Li Junling.Analysis of function value demonstration of multi-function agriculture in Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2009,30(2):32-36.]
[20]孟明浩,顾晓艳.近年来国内关于城郊旅游开发研究综述.旅游学刊,2002(6):71-75.[Meng Haoming,Gu Xiaoyan.A summary of the domestic research on the development of suburban tourism in recent years.Tourism Tribune,2002(6):71-75.]
[21]杨犇,栾峰,张引.提质、共融:大都市近郊乡村振兴的产业经济策略:以乌鲁木齐北部乡村地区为例.西部人居环境学刊,2018,33(1):13-19.[Yang Ben,Luan Feng,Zhang Yin.Quality improvement,communion:revitalization of the suburbs of metropolitan countryside industrial economic strategy:Taking the northern rural area of Urumqi as an example.Journal of Human Settlements in West China,2018,33(1):13-19.]
[22]刘盛和,陈田,蔡建明.中国半城市化现象及其研究重点.地理学报,2004,59(Suppl.1):101-108.[Liu Shenghe,Chen Tian,Cai Jianming.Peri-urbanization in China and Its Major Research Issues.Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(Suppl.1):101-108.]
[23]笪玲.都市近郊乡村旅游发展与新农村建设互动关系探析.农业现代化研究,2010,31(6):683-687.[Da Ling.Study on interactive relationship between rural tourism of urban outskirts and construction of new country.Research of Agricultural Modernization,2010,31(6):683-687.]
[24]郭承龙.农村电子商务模式探析:基于淘宝村的调研.经济体制改革,2015,(5):110-115.[Guo Chenglong.Research on rural e-commerce model based on survey of Taobao village.Reform of Economic System,2015,(5):110-115.]
[25]董坤祥,侯文华,丁慧平,等.创新导向的农村电商集群发展研究:基于遂昌模式和沙集模式的分析.农业经济问题,2016,(10):60-69.[Dong Kunxiang,Hou Wenhua,Ding Huiping,et al.The development of innovation-oriented e-business cluster of rural area:An analysis of Suichang model and Shali model.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2016,(10):60-69.]
[26]刘闻达.政府投资土地整治在乡村振兴战略中的地位与作用.农村经济与科技,2018,29(8):223.[Liu Wenda.The status and role of government investment in land consolidation in rural revitalization strategy.Rural Economy and Science,2018,29(8):223.]
[27]万婷,张淼.基于乡村振兴战略的土地整治综述及发展趋势研究.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(5):1-6.[Wan Ting,Zhang Miao.The overview of land renovation and research of development trendency based on rural revitalization strategy.Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2018,39(5):1-6.]
[28]孟宪素,李晨.以农村土地整治重大工程促进乡村振兴.中国土地,2018,(6):14-16.[Meng Xiansu,Li Chen.Promoting rural revitalization by major projects of rural land consolidation.China Land,2018,(6):14-16.]
[29]陈文俊.田园综合体建设的实践及思考:以景泰县五佛乡田园综合体建设实践为例.甘肃农业,2018,(7):29-30.[Chen Wenjun.Practice and thoughts on the construction of pastoral complex.Gansu Agriculture,2018,(7):29-30.]
[30]韩伟宏.田园综合体乡村景观规划设计发展新模式研究与实践.现代农业科技,2017,(16):295-296.[Han Weihong.Research and practice of new pattern of rural landscape planning and design in rural complex.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2017,(16):295-296.]
[31]卢贵敏.为农业综合开发插上科技之翼积极助力农业供给侧结构性改革.中国科学院院刊,2017,32(10):1053-1058.[Lu Guimin.Accelerating agricultural comprehensive development by science and technology,actively boosting agricultural supply-side structural reform.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,32(10):1053-1058.]
[32]朱丹丹,张玉钧.旅游对乡村文化传承的影响研究综述.北京林业大学学报:社会科学版,2008,7(2):58-62.[Zhu Dandan,Zhang Yujun.Influence of tourism on the inheritance and passing on of rural culture.Journal of Beijing Forestry University(Social Sciences),2008,7(2):58-62.]
[2]郑小玉,刘彦随.新时期中国“乡村病”的科学内涵、形成机制及调控策略,人文地理,2018,33(2):100-106.[Zheng Xiaoyu,Liu Yansui.Connotation,formation mechanism and regulation strategies of rural disease in the new epoch in China.Human geography,2018,33(2):100-106.]
[3]刘彦随.新型城镇化应治“乡村病”.人民日报,2013-09-10.[Liu Yansui.New urbanization cures"rural disease".People's Daily,2013-09-10.]
[4]刘彦随,周扬.中国美丽乡村建设的挑战与对策.农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(2):97-105.[Liu Yansui,Zhou Yang.Challenges and countermeasures for beautiful countryside construction in China.Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2015,32(2):97-105.]
[5]党国英.乡村振兴长策思考.农村工作通讯,2017,(21).[Dang Guoying.Thoughts on Rural Revitalization.Newsletter About Work in Rural Areas,2017,(21).]
[6]文魁.京津冀大棋:京津冀协同发展的战略思考.经济与管理,2014,28(6):8-12.[Wen Kui.The grand chessboard of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei:Strategic thinking of collaborative development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.Economy and Management,2014,28(6):8-12.]
[7]吴良镛.京津冀地区城乡空间发展规划研究三期报告.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.[Wu Liangyong.The Third Report on the Rural and Urban Spatial Development Planning Study for the Capital Region(Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002.
[8]Liu Yansui,Yang Yuanyuan,Li Yurui,et al.Conversion from rural settlements and arable land under rapid urbanization in Beijing during 1985-2010.Journal of Rural Studies,2017,51:141-150.]
[9]张洪,顾朝林,张燕.南京市旅游业协调发展评价:同步协调判别法.经济地理,2008,28(4):682-687.[Zhang Hong,Gu Chaolin,Zhang Yan.Evaluation of coordinate development in Nanjing tourism:Method of synchronous coordinate judgment.Economic Geography,2008,28(4):682-687.]
[10]曹广忠,边雪,刘涛.基于人口、产业和用地结构的城镇化水平评估与解释:以长三角地区为例.地理研究,2011,30(12):2139-2149.[Cao Guangzhong,Bian Xue,Liu Tao.Comprehensive evaluation of the urbanization level in Yangtze River Delta Region:An index framework based on the population,economic structure and land use.Geographical Research,2011,30(12):2139-2149.]
[11]段七零.江苏省县域经济-社会-环境系统协调性的定量评价.经济地理,2010,30(5):829-834.[Duan Qiling.Quantitative evaluation on the coordination of county-level economy-society-environment system in Jiangsu province.Economic Geography,2010,30(5):829-834.]
[12]杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼.中国环渤海地区人口-土地-产业非农化转型协同演化特征.地理研究,2015,34(3):475-486.[Yang Ren,Liu Yansui,Long Hualou.The study on non-agricultural transformation co-evolution characteristics of“population-land-industry”:Case study of the Bohai Rim in China.Geographical Research,2015,34(3):475-486.]
[13]Haas T,Westlund H,2017.In the post-urban world:Emergent transformation of cities and regions in the inovative global economy.In:Urban-rural Relations in the Post-urban World.Routledge,70-81.
[14]Lefebvre,H.,2003.The urban revolution.Minneapolis:University of Minnesota.
[15]Yang Yuanyuan,Liu Yansui,Li Yurui,et al.Measure of urban-rural transformation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the new millennium:Population-land-industry perspective.Land Use Policy,2018,79:595-608.
[16]Yang Yuanyuan,Zhang Shuwen,Wang Dongyan,et al.Spatiotemporal changes of farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China,1954-2005:A case study in Zhenlai County,Jilin Province.Sustainability,2015,7(1):1-22.
[17]刘彦随.中国新农村建设地理论.北京:科学出版社,2011.[Liu Yansui.The Theory of New Rural Construction in China.Beijing:Science Press,2011.]
[18]段巍巍,张文俐,周大迈.保定市城郊多功能农业发展模式研究.河北农业科学,2013,17(6):71-74.[Duan Weiwei,Zhang Wenli,Zhou Damai.Study on the development model of multifunctional agriculture in suburb of Baoding city.Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2013,17(6):71-74.]
[19]李俊岭.东北多功能农业功能价值实证分析.中国农业资源与区划,2009,30(2):32-36.[Li Junling.Analysis of function value demonstration of multi-function agriculture in Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2009,30(2):32-36.]
[20]孟明浩,顾晓艳.近年来国内关于城郊旅游开发研究综述.旅游学刊,2002(6):71-75.[Meng Haoming,Gu Xiaoyan.A summary of the domestic research on the development of suburban tourism in recent years.Tourism Tribune,2002(6):71-75.]
[21]杨犇,栾峰,张引.提质、共融:大都市近郊乡村振兴的产业经济策略:以乌鲁木齐北部乡村地区为例.西部人居环境学刊,2018,33(1):13-19.[Yang Ben,Luan Feng,Zhang Yin.Quality improvement,communion:revitalization of the suburbs of metropolitan countryside industrial economic strategy:Taking the northern rural area of Urumqi as an example.Journal of Human Settlements in West China,2018,33(1):13-19.]
[22]刘盛和,陈田,蔡建明.中国半城市化现象及其研究重点.地理学报,2004,59(Suppl.1):101-108.[Liu Shenghe,Chen Tian,Cai Jianming.Peri-urbanization in China and Its Major Research Issues.Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(Suppl.1):101-108.]
[23]笪玲.都市近郊乡村旅游发展与新农村建设互动关系探析.农业现代化研究,2010,31(6):683-687.[Da Ling.Study on interactive relationship between rural tourism of urban outskirts and construction of new country.Research of Agricultural Modernization,2010,31(6):683-687.]
[24]郭承龙.农村电子商务模式探析:基于淘宝村的调研.经济体制改革,2015,(5):110-115.[Guo Chenglong.Research on rural e-commerce model based on survey of Taobao village.Reform of Economic System,2015,(5):110-115.]
[25]董坤祥,侯文华,丁慧平,等.创新导向的农村电商集群发展研究:基于遂昌模式和沙集模式的分析.农业经济问题,2016,(10):60-69.[Dong Kunxiang,Hou Wenhua,Ding Huiping,et al.The development of innovation-oriented e-business cluster of rural area:An analysis of Suichang model and Shali model.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2016,(10):60-69.]
[26]刘闻达.政府投资土地整治在乡村振兴战略中的地位与作用.农村经济与科技,2018,29(8):223.[Liu Wenda.The status and role of government investment in land consolidation in rural revitalization strategy.Rural Economy and Science,2018,29(8):223.]
[27]万婷,张淼.基于乡村振兴战略的土地整治综述及发展趋势研究.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(5):1-6.[Wan Ting,Zhang Miao.The overview of land renovation and research of development trendency based on rural revitalization strategy.Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2018,39(5):1-6.]
[28]孟宪素,李晨.以农村土地整治重大工程促进乡村振兴.中国土地,2018,(6):14-16.[Meng Xiansu,Li Chen.Promoting rural revitalization by major projects of rural land consolidation.China Land,2018,(6):14-16.]
[29]陈文俊.田园综合体建设的实践及思考:以景泰县五佛乡田园综合体建设实践为例.甘肃农业,2018,(7):29-30.[Chen Wenjun.Practice and thoughts on the construction of pastoral complex.Gansu Agriculture,2018,(7):29-30.]
[30]韩伟宏.田园综合体乡村景观规划设计发展新模式研究与实践.现代农业科技,2017,(16):295-296.[Han Weihong.Research and practice of new pattern of rural landscape planning and design in rural complex.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2017,(16):295-296.]
[31]卢贵敏.为农业综合开发插上科技之翼积极助力农业供给侧结构性改革.中国科学院院刊,2017,32(10):1053-1058.[Lu Guimin.Accelerating agricultural comprehensive development by science and technology,actively boosting agricultural supply-side structural reform.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,32(10):1053-1058.]
[32]朱丹丹,张玉钧.旅游对乡村文化传承的影响研究综述.北京林业大学学报:社会科学版,2008,7(2):58-62.[Zhu Dandan,Zhang Yujun.Influence of tourism on the inheritance and passing on of rural culture.Journal of Beijing Forestry University(Social Sciences),2008,7(2):58-62.]