河蚬扰动对不同质地沉积物中重金属生物有效性与毒性的影响
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摘要
为探讨河蚬扰动对沉积物中重金属生物有效性与毒性的影响,制作重金属污染的不同质地沉积物(不同有机质含量和不同砂质含量)样品,采用室内模拟并借助间隙水平衡(Peeper)和薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)原位测定手段,试验研究了河蚬扰动作用下沉积物中重金属生物有效性以及毒性的变化特征。结果表明:河蚬扰动促进沉积物中重金属离子向上覆水释放,使上覆水中的Cd质量浓度增大了2%～12%,As增大了2%～198%;河蚬扰动使Cd、As的活性增大,在砂质沉积物中的活性大于有机质沉积物中的活性;河蚬扰动可促使沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物的含量降低,进而改变其对沉积物中亲硫金属的结合能力,增强了沉积物中重金属的毒性。
In order to investigate the effects of Corbicula fluminea disturbance on the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals in sediments,making different sediment samples(different organic matter content and different sandy content)polluted by heavy metals,indoor simulation and in-situ measurement of gap water balance(Peeper) and diffusion gradient in thin film(DGT) are adopted to study the changes in bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals in sediments under disturbance of Corbicula fluminea.The results show that the disturbance of Corbicula fluminea promotes release of heavy metal ions from sediments to the overlying water,making Cd in the overlying water increased by 2%～12% and As increased by 2%～198%.The disturbance of Corbicula fluminea increased the activity of Cd and As,and the activity in sandy sediments is greater than that in organic sediments.Disturbance of Corbicula fluminea can reduce the content of acid volatile sulfide in the sediments,changing the binding capacity of the thiophilic metal in the sediments,and enhancing the toxicity of the heavy metal in the sediments.
In order to investigate the effects of Corbicula fluminea disturbance on the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals in sediments,making different sediment samples(different organic matter content and different sandy content)polluted by heavy metals,indoor simulation and in-situ measurement of gap water balance(Peeper) and diffusion gradient in thin film(DGT) are adopted to study the changes in bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals in sediments under disturbance of Corbicula fluminea.The results show that the disturbance of Corbicula fluminea promotes release of heavy metal ions from sediments to the overlying water,making Cd in the overlying water increased by 2%～12% and As increased by 2%～198%.The disturbance of Corbicula fluminea increased the activity of Cd and As,and the activity in sandy sediments is greater than that in organic sediments.Disturbance of Corbicula fluminea can reduce the content of acid volatile sulfide in the sediments,changing the binding capacity of the thiophilic metal in the sediments,and enhancing the toxicity of the heavy metal in the sediments.
引文
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[24]ANKLEY G T,TORO D M D,HANSEN D J,et al.Technical basis and proposal for deriving sediment quality criteria for metals[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1996,15(12):2056-2066.
[25]HARPER M,DAVISON W,ZHANG H,et al. Kinetics of metal exchange between solids and solutions in sediments and soils interpreted from DGT measurements[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(16):2757-2770.
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[27]DE LANGE H J,NOORDOVEN W,MURK A J,et al.Behavioural responses of Gammarus pulex(Crustacea,Amphipoda)to low concentrations of pharmaceuticals[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2006,78(3):209-16.
[28]SIMPSON S L,WARD D,STROM D,et al. Oxidation of acid-volatile sulfide in surface sediments increases the release and toxicity of copper to the benthic amphipod Melita plumulosa[J]. Chemosphere,2012,88(8):953-961.
[2]OWEN R B,SANDHU N S. Heavy metal accumulation anthropogenic impact on Tolo Harbour,Hongkong[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2000,40:174-180.
[3]郭朝晖,肖细元,陈同斌,等.湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染[J].地理学报,2008,63(1):3-11.(GUO Chaohui,XIAO Xiyuan,CHEN Tongbin,et al.Heavy metal pollution of farmland soil and vegetables in middle and lower reaches of xiangjiang river[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2008,63(1):3-11.(in Chinese))
[4]WANG Lixia,GUO Zhaohui,XIAO Xiyuan,et al. Heavy metal pollution of soils and vegetables in the midstream and downstream of the Xiangjiang River,Hunan Province[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2008(18):353-362.
[5]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[6]滑丽萍,华珞,高娟,等.中国湖泊底泥的重金属污染评价研究[J].土壤,2006,38(4):366-373.(HUA Liping,HUA Luo,GAO Juan,et al. Study on evaluation of heavy metal pollution of lake sediments in China[J]. Soil,2006,38(4):366-373.(in Chinese))
[7]林曼利,彭位华.宿州市农村地下水重金属含量与健康风险评价[J].水资源保护,2016,32(6):110-116.(LI Manli,PENG Weihua. Heavy metal content and health risk assessment of groundwater in rural areas of Suzhou City[J]. Water Resources Protection,2016,32(6):110-116.(in Chinese))
[8]RYSSEN R V,LEERMAKERS M,BAEYENS W. The mobilisation potential of trace metals in aquatic sediments as a tool for sediment quality classification[J].Environmental Science&Policy,1999,2(1):75-86.
[9]PEMPKOWIAK J,SIKORA A,BIERNACKA E. Speciation of heavy metals in marine sediments vs their bioaccumulation by mussels[J]. Chemosphere,1999,39(2):313.
[10]TORO D M D,MAHONY J D,HANSEN D J,et al. Acid volatile sulfide predicts the acute toxicity of cadmium and nickel in sediments[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,1992,26(1):96-101.
[11]ALLEN H E,FU G,DENG B. Analysis of acid-volatile sulfide(AVS)and simultaneously extracted metals(SEM)for the estimation of potential toxicity in aquatic sediments[J]. Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2010,12(8):1441-1453.
[12]WOLFENDEN S,CHARNOCK J M,HILTON J,et al.Sulfide species as a sink for mercury in lake sediments[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(17):6644-6648.
[13]ANKLEY G T. Predication the acute toxicity of copper in freshwater sediments:evaluations of the role acid-volatile sulfide[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1993,12:315-323.
[14]BERRY W J,HANSEN D J,MAHONY J D,et al.Predicting the toxicity of metal-spiked laboratory sediments using acid-volatile sulfide and interstitial water normalizations[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1996,15:2067-2079.
[15]陈振楼,刘杰,许世远,等.大型底栖动物对长江口潮滩沉积物-水界面无机氮交换的影响[J].环境科学,2005,26(6):43-50.(CHEN Zhenlou,LIU Jie,XU Shiyuan,et al. Effects of macrozoobenthos on inorganic nitrogen exchange at sediment water interface of Yangtze estuary tidal flat[J]. Environmental Science,2005,26(6):43-50.(in Chinese))
[16]王汗,燕文明,宋兰兰,等.摇蚊幼虫扰动对沉积物-水界面结构特征的影响[J].水资源保护,2017,33(5):177-182.(WANG Han,YAN Wenming,SONG Lanlan,et,al. Impact of larvae perturbation on structure characteristics of sediment-water interface[J]. Water Resources Protection,2017,33(5):177-182.(in Chinese))
[17]GRINO M, FRIGNANI M, MUGNAI C, et al.Bioturbation in the Venice Lagoon:rates and relationship to organisms[J]. Acta Oecologica,2007,32(1):14-25.
[18]聂小保,吴淑娟,吴方同,等.颤蚓生物扰动对沉积物氮释放的影响[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(1):107-113.(NIE Xiaobao,WU Shujuan,WU Fangtong,et al. Effect of vermis bio disturbance on nitrogen release from sediment[J]. Journal of Environmental Science,2011,31(1):107-113.(in Chinese))
[19]BERTICS V J,ZIEBIS W. Bioturbation and the role of microniches for sulfate reduction in coastal marine sediments[J]. Environmental Microbiology,2010,12(11):3022-3034.
[20]BONAGLIA S,BARTOLI M,GUNNARSSON J S,et al.Effect of reoxygenation and Marenzelleria spp. bioturbation on Baltic Sea sediment metabolism[J]. Marine EcologyProgress Series,2013,482(1):43-55.
[21]HSIEH Y P,YANG C H. Diffusion methods for the determination of reduced inorganic sulfur species in sediments[J]. Limnology&Oceanography,1989,34(6):1126-1130.
[22]TESSIER A,FORTIN D,BELZILE N,et al. Metal sorption to diagenetic iron and manganese oxyhydroxides and associated organic matter:narrowing the gap between field and laboratory measurements[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1996,60(3):387-404.
[23]何怡,门彬,徐慧,等.生物扰动对沉积物中重金属迁移转化影响的研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2016,11(6):25-36.(HE Yi,MEN Bin,XU Hui,et al. Research progress in the influence of bioturbation on migration and transformation of heavy metals in sediments[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2016,11(6):25-36.(in Chinese))
[24]ANKLEY G T,TORO D M D,HANSEN D J,et al.Technical basis and proposal for deriving sediment quality criteria for metals[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1996,15(12):2056-2066.
[25]HARPER M,DAVISON W,ZHANG H,et al. Kinetics of metal exchange between solids and solutions in sediments and soils interpreted from DGT measurements[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(16):2757-2770.
[26]STROM D,SIMPSON S L,BATLEY G E,et al. The influence of sediment particle size and organic carbon on toxicity of copper to benthic invertebrates in oxic/suboxic surface sediments[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2011,30(7):1599-610.
[27]DE LANGE H J,NOORDOVEN W,MURK A J,et al.Behavioural responses of Gammarus pulex(Crustacea,Amphipoda)to low concentrations of pharmaceuticals[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2006,78(3):209-16.
[28]SIMPSON S L,WARD D,STROM D,et al. Oxidation of acid-volatile sulfide in surface sediments increases the release and toxicity of copper to the benthic amphipod Melita plumulosa[J]. Chemosphere,2012,88(8):953-961.