信阳茶区土壤养分的演变
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摘要
为了解信阳茶区茶园土壤养分丰缺现状,为化肥减施提供理论依据,本研究监测了不同植茶年限(0、10、20、30、40年)0～20 cm土壤的养分及土壤交换性离子,分析其随植茶年限的变化特性。结果表明:茶园土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效钾与植茶年限呈显著正相关,有效磷与植茶年限呈显著负相关;茶园土壤有机质含量达36.15 g kg-1,达理想状态;碱解氮、有效钾、有效磷含量都表现为富集;土壤有机质与碱解氮和有效钾呈显著正相关,与有效磷呈显著负相关;茶园氮肥以铵态氮(NH4+-N)为主,氮肥形态可影响土壤pH及交换性Al3+、Ca2+、Mg2+的变化,有机质直接影响交换性K+的变化。信阳茶区茶园土壤养分达到并超过优质高产高效茶园土壤养分需求,其氮磷钾肥明显呈现施入过量后的积累现象。该研究结果可以为茶园土壤可持续利用及茶园减施化肥提供依据。
In order to know the status of abundance and shortage of soil nutrients and provide theoretical basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizers, soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm depths of tea garden with different cultivated years(0, 10, 20, 30, 40 years) in Xinyang tea region. Soil nutrients and exchangeable base cations were measured and their changes with the cultivating yearswere analyzed. Soil organic matter(SOM), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(N), available potassium(K) and available phosphorus(P) in tea garden were significantly correlated with the cultivated years. The contentof SOM reached an ideal state, with a valueup to 36.15 g kg-1. Alkali-hydrolyzable N,available Kand available Pall showed at rich levels.There was a significantly positive correlation between SOM and alkali-hydrolyzable N and available K. A significantlynegative correlation was found between available P and cultivated years. The Nfertilizer form(mainly fraction as ammonium N, NH4+-N) in the tea garden affected the evolution of soil pH and the changes of soil exchangeable Al3+, exchangeable Ca2+and exchangeable Mg2+. The SOM directly affected the variety of exchangeable K+. Soil nutrients in the tea gardens of Xinyang reached and exceeded the demandsof tea forhigh-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency. Theapplications of N, P and K fertilizerswere excessively accumulated. The resultscould provide the basis for the sustainable production and the reduction of chemicalfertilizers in the tea garden.
In order to know the status of abundance and shortage of soil nutrients and provide theoretical basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizers, soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm depths of tea garden with different cultivated years(0, 10, 20, 30, 40 years) in Xinyang tea region. Soil nutrients and exchangeable base cations were measured and their changes with the cultivating yearswere analyzed. Soil organic matter(SOM), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(N), available potassium(K) and available phosphorus(P) in tea garden were significantly correlated with the cultivated years. The contentof SOM reached an ideal state, with a valueup to 36.15 g kg-1. Alkali-hydrolyzable N,available Kand available Pall showed at rich levels.There was a significantly positive correlation between SOM and alkali-hydrolyzable N and available K. A significantlynegative correlation was found between available P and cultivated years. The Nfertilizer form(mainly fraction as ammonium N, NH4+-N) in the tea garden affected the evolution of soil pH and the changes of soil exchangeable Al3+, exchangeable Ca2+and exchangeable Mg2+. The SOM directly affected the variety of exchangeable K+. Soil nutrients in the tea gardens of Xinyang reached and exceeded the demandsof tea forhigh-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency. Theapplications of N, P and K fertilizerswere excessively accumulated. The resultscould provide the basis for the sustainable production and the reduction of chemicalfertilizers in the tea garden.
引文
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[12]万青,徐仁扣,黎星辉等.氮素形态对茶树根系释放质子的影响[J].土壤学报,2013, 50(4):720-725.
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[15]苏有健,廖万有,王烨军等.皖南茶园土壤活性铝形态分布与土壤p H和植茶年限的关系[J],农业环境科学学报.2013,32(4):721-728.
[16]焉莉,王寅,冯国忠等.吉林省农田土壤肥力现状及变化特征[J].中国农业科学2015, 48(23):4800-4810.
[2]颜明娟,林琼等.不同施氮措施对茶叶品质及茶园土壤环境的影响[J].生态环境学报.2014, 23(3):452-456.
[3]张倩,宗良纲,曹丹等.江苏省典型茶园土壤酸化趋势及其制约因素研究[J].土壤.2011,43(5):751-757.
[4] HU ZY,XU CK,ZHOU LN,et al. Contribution of atmospheric nitrogen compounds to N deposition in a broadleaf forest of southern China[J].Pedosphere.2007.17:360-365.
[5]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[6]鲁如坤主编.土壤农业化学分析[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[7]韩文炎,袁建云,林智等.茶园土壤主要营养障碍因子及系列茶树专用肥的研制[J].茶叶科学, 2002,22(1):70-74.
[8] Q. WAN, R.K. XU, X.H. Li.Proton release by tea plant(Camellia sinensis L.)roots as affected by nutrient solution concentration and pH[J]. Plant soil environ,2012,58(9):429-434.
[9]张小琴,赵华富,姜艳艳等.不同植茶年限茶园土壤有效营养元素分析[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(12):1-7.
[10]陈婵婵,肖斌,余有本等.陕南茶园土壤有机质和pH值空间变异及其与速效养分的相关性[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版).2009,37(1):182-88.
[11]崔旭辉,方斌,徐云鹤,等.江浙地区茶园土壤碱解氮空间异质性分析[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(6):94-100.
[12]万青,徐仁扣,黎星辉等.氮素形态对茶树根系释放质子的影响[J].土壤学报,2013, 50(4):720-725.
[13] YANG Y Y, LI X H, RATCLIFFE R G, et al. Characterization of ammonium and nitrate uptake and assimilation in roots of tea plants.Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2013,60(1):91-99.
[14]王辉,王宁,徐仁扣,等.茶树叶和刺槐叶对茶园土壤酸度的改良效果[J].农业环境科学学报2009,28(8):1597-1601.
[15]苏有健,廖万有,王烨军等.皖南茶园土壤活性铝形态分布与土壤p H和植茶年限的关系[J],农业环境科学学报.2013,32(4):721-728.
[16]焉莉,王寅,冯国忠等.吉林省农田土壤肥力现状及变化特征[J].中国农业科学2015, 48(23):4800-4810.