贵州太平洞金矿床载金黄铁矿的矿物学特征及原位微区硫同位素分析
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摘要
太平洞金矿床是我国黔西南地区典型的卡林型金矿床之一。然而,由于发现时间短,其勘探和研究程度较低,对矿床成因模式和成矿机制的认识有待深入。本文在野外调查的基础上,详细分析了太平洞金矿床矿石的显微组构特征,对主要载金矿物——黄铁矿进行了岩相学鉴定、电子探针成分分析(EPMA)以及Nano-SIMS微量元素面扫描(Mapping)和原位微区硫同位素分析。显微镜下观察发现,矿石中的黄铁矿按形态分为草莓状黄铁矿、半自形?自形黄铁矿以及不规则状黄铁矿。电子探针成分分析表明黄铁矿中含有As(0～8.482%)、Au(0～0.092%)、Co(0.059%～0.195%)、Cu(0～0.407%)、Cr(0～0.083%)、Zn(0～0.016%)等多种微量元素。元素相关性分析证实As与S呈负相关关系。背散射电子图像(BSE)显示载金黄铁矿普遍发育环带结构,根据As元素的分布特征将环带黄铁矿细分可为PyⅠ(核部贫As的黄铁矿)和PyⅡ(核部富As的黄铁矿)两类。载金环带黄铁矿的元素面扫描及原位微区硫同位素分析表明:PyⅠ核部富Zn、Cr、Ni元素,贫As,δ~(34)S值多分布在1.1‰～5.9‰,环带则相对富集As、Au、Cu、Mn等元素,δ~(34)S值为–0.7‰～4.7‰;PyⅡ包括成矿期形成的富As核部(δ~(34)S值分别为0.6‰、4.7‰)和宽度不等的增生环带(δ~(34)S值为–1.6‰、3.7‰)。通过对比国内外卡林型金矿载金黄铁矿原位硫同位素特征,推断贵州太平洞金矿床中的硫来源于深部岩浆硫。同时,Nano-SIMS元素面扫描分析对BSE图像显示的黄铁矿环带中元素的分布进行了高分辨率的呈现,揭示了环带尺度的元素分带性——成矿过程中流体活动的"脉冲"效应,即增生环带往往是由更次一级的生长环带所组成的。高分辨率的元素面扫描结合原位微区硫同位素分析表明,黔西南地区的卡林型金矿的形成可能源于深部就位的岩浆分异出的载金气?液流体沿断裂系统经长距离运移到达地表,并充填?交代围岩成矿。
The Taipingdong gold deposit is one of the most important Carlin-type gold deposits in the Southwest Guizhou province.This paper reports a detailed research on the mineralogical features and in situ sulfur isotopic compositions of Au-bearing pyrites by using microscope,electron probe micro-analysis(EPMA)and nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectroscopy(Nano-SIMS).The pyrites from the Taipingdong gold deposit have several morphological types,such as strawberry pyrites,euhedral pyrites and irregular pyrites.The EPMA results show that the Au-bearing pyrites also contain many other trace elements,including As(0–8.482%),Au(0–0.092%),Co(0.059%–0.195%),Cu(0–0.407%),Cr(0–0.083%),Zn(0–0.016%),etc.The negative correlation between As and S,indicating that As substitutes S in the pyrites.Meanwhile,BSE reflects the Au-rich pyrites usually have zonal textures.According to the distribution of As,the zonal pyrites in the ores can be divided into PyⅠand PyⅡ.PyⅠis the major type of the Au-bearing pyrites in this deposit,which has higher Au and As contents in the rims and lower in the cores.The analyses of PyⅠand PyⅡby EPMA and Nano-SIMS demonstrate that the cores of PyⅠare enriched in Zn,Cr,Ni,and relatively depleted in As,whileδ~(34)S values range from 1.1‰to 5.9‰.The rims of PyⅠare enriched in trace elements such as As,Au,Cu,and Mn,withδ~(34)S values varying from–0.7‰to 4.7‰.PyⅡconsists of As-rich cores formed during the mineralization and post-mineralization rims.δ~(34)S values of the Au-bearing pyrites from the Taipingdong gold deposit indicate that sulfur is mainly magmatic origin,which is in strike contrasting with the other Carlin-type deposits all over the world.Moreover,the zonation features of the pyrites as revealed by Nano-SIMS analyses suggested a pulse nature of the ore-forming fluids.We,therefore,infer that the Au-rich fluids from a deep magmatic system upwelled into the shallow levels along tectonic fractures,which interacted with carbonate rocks and formed the Carlin-type gold deposits in the southwestern Guizhou province.
The Taipingdong gold deposit is one of the most important Carlin-type gold deposits in the Southwest Guizhou province.This paper reports a detailed research on the mineralogical features and in situ sulfur isotopic compositions of Au-bearing pyrites by using microscope,electron probe micro-analysis(EPMA)and nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectroscopy(Nano-SIMS).The pyrites from the Taipingdong gold deposit have several morphological types,such as strawberry pyrites,euhedral pyrites and irregular pyrites.The EPMA results show that the Au-bearing pyrites also contain many other trace elements,including As(0–8.482%),Au(0–0.092%),Co(0.059%–0.195%),Cu(0–0.407%),Cr(0–0.083%),Zn(0–0.016%),etc.The negative correlation between As and S,indicating that As substitutes S in the pyrites.Meanwhile,BSE reflects the Au-rich pyrites usually have zonal textures.According to the distribution of As,the zonal pyrites in the ores can be divided into PyⅠand PyⅡ.PyⅠis the major type of the Au-bearing pyrites in this deposit,which has higher Au and As contents in the rims and lower in the cores.The analyses of PyⅠand PyⅡby EPMA and Nano-SIMS demonstrate that the cores of PyⅠare enriched in Zn,Cr,Ni,and relatively depleted in As,whileδ~(34)S values range from 1.1‰to 5.9‰.The rims of PyⅠare enriched in trace elements such as As,Au,Cu,and Mn,withδ~(34)S values varying from–0.7‰to 4.7‰.PyⅡconsists of As-rich cores formed during the mineralization and post-mineralization rims.δ~(34)S values of the Au-bearing pyrites from the Taipingdong gold deposit indicate that sulfur is mainly magmatic origin,which is in strike contrasting with the other Carlin-type deposits all over the world.Moreover,the zonation features of the pyrites as revealed by Nano-SIMS analyses suggested a pulse nature of the ore-forming fluids.We,therefore,infer that the Au-rich fluids from a deep magmatic system upwelled into the shallow levels along tectonic fractures,which interacted with carbonate rocks and formed the Carlin-type gold deposits in the southwestern Guizhou province.
引文
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陈骏,王鹤年.2004.地球化学.北京:科学出版社:106-135.
陈懋弘,毛景文,陈振宇,章伟.2009.滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿含砷黄铁矿和毒砂的矿物学研究.矿床地质,28(5):539-557.
代鸿章,陈翠华,顾雪祥,李保华,董树义,程文斌.2014.云南者桑金矿床载金矿物标型特征研究.矿床地质,33(1):70-86.
付绍洪,顾雪祥,王乾,夏勇,张兴春,陶琰.2004.黔西南水银洞金矿床载金黄铁矿标型特征.矿物学报,24(1):75-80.
贵州省地质矿产探查开发局105地质大队.2013.贵州省普安县泥堡金矿勘探(阶段性)报告.
梁金龙,孙卫东,南争路,丁德健.2015.阳山金矿地质地球化学特征及金赋存状态.北京:科学出版社:24-45.
刘建中,夏勇,邓一明,张兴春,邱林.2007.贵州水银洞超大型金矿床金的赋存状态再研究.贵州地质,24(3):165-169.
刘建中,夏勇,张兴春,邓一明,苏文超,陶琰.2008.层控卡林型金矿床矿床模型--贵州水银洞超大型金矿.黄金科学技术,16(3):1-5.
刘建中,杨成富,刘全军,游彬,夏勇,雷德堂,舒家荣,胡基明.2010.贵州兴仁县太平洞金矿金的赋存状态研究.黄金科学技术,18(5):93-98.
刘丽,顾雪祥,彭义伟,章永梅,吴成赟,程文斌.2012.贵州太平洞金矿床流体包裹体特征及流体不混溶机制.岩石学报,28(5):1568-1576.
刘平.1987.试论黄铁矿化学成分的标型意义.湖南地质,6(1):38-46,37.
潘谋成,胡凯,曹剑,韩善楚.2013.黔西南簸箕田卡林型金矿中含砷黄铁矿和毒砂的赋金特征研究.高校地质学报,19(2):293-306.
陕亮,郑有业,许荣科,曹亮,张雨莲,连永牢,李闫华.2009.硫同位素示踪与热液成矿作用研究.地质与资源,18(3):197-203.
苏杭,王甘露.2013.黔西南烂泥沟金矿构造控矿与成矿模拟实验.世界地质,32(2):403-411.
苏文超,张弘弢,夏斌,张兴春,胡瑞忠,周国富,夏勇.2006.贵州水银洞卡林型金矿床首次发现大量次显微?显微可见自然金颗粒.矿物学报,26(3):257-260.
覃礼敬,刘道明.2006.贵州省兴仁县太平洞金矿床地质地球化学特征.贵州地质,23(3):187-191,196.
汪小勇,潘启权.2013.贵州太平洞金矿“导矿、配矿、容矿构造”三位一体控矿浅析.中国科技纵横,(13):176-177.
王泽鹏,夏勇,宋谢炎,闫宝文,谭亲平.2013.黔西南灰家堡卡林型金矿田硫铅同位素组成及成矿物质来源研究.矿物岩石地球化学通报,32(6):746-752,758.
肖荣阁,陈卉泉,范军.1997.滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿热液矿物地球化学.矿物学报,17(4):478-482.
严育通,李胜荣,贾宝剑,张娜,闫丽娜.2012.中国不同成因类型金矿床的黄铁矿成分标型特征及统计分析.地学前缘,19(4):214-226.
尹观,倪师军.2009.同位素地球化学.北京:地质出版社:1-409.
张宏飞,高山.2012.地球化学.北京:地质出版社:202-239.
张立中,曹新志.2010.贵州水银洞金矿床黄铁矿标型特征.地质找矿论丛,25(2):101-106.
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