儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念的关系:有调节的中介模型
|
摘要
采用问卷法对988名初中生进行调查,探究儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念的关系,应对方式的中介作用以及友谊质量的调节作用。结果表明:(1)儿童心理虐待与忽视正向预测自杀意念;(2)应对方式是儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念的中介变量;(3)儿童心理虐待与忽视对自杀意念的直接效应受到友谊质量的调节,直接效应在友谊质量低的青少年中更显著;(4)儿童心理虐待与忽视对自杀意念的间接效应后半段受到友谊质量的调节,友谊质量高的青少年的自杀意念水平更低。因此,儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念之间是有调节的中介关系,儿童心理虐待与忽视通过应对方式影响自杀意念,友谊质量在直接路径和间接路径中起调节作用。
A massive literature documents the association between psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation.However,the underlying mechanism of suicidal ideations remains unknown.Based on the strain theory of suicide,coping style is crucial in causing suicidal ideation.Moreover,previous studies and the attachment theory suggest potential mediating role of coping style in the relationship between child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation.Meanwhile,according to the interpersonal theory of suicide,friendship quality can be the protecting factor for suicidal ideation.From the perspective of ecological systems theory,friendship quality may interact with child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation;and in line with the organism-environment interaction model,friendship quality may interact with coping style.To sum up,this study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine whether coping style mediated the relation between child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation,and whether friendship quality moderated this indirect mediating process as well as direct process.A total of 988 junior high school students aged 9～14(543 boys and 445 girls) from 8 cities participated in this investigation.After given informed consents,they completed Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale,Chinese Version of Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Inventory,Copying Style Scale for Middle School Students and Chinese Version of Friendship Quality Inventory.First,common method biases were examined.Then correlation analysis was conducted to acquire the overall relationships between variables among the hypothesized model.Finally,the moderated mediation effects were tested by the PROCESS macro for SPSS.The correlation analysis showed that:child psychological abuse and neglect was positively correlated with suicidal ideation,emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation,while problem-focused coping was negatively correlated with child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation.The testing for moderated mediation model indicated that:after controlling for gender and single child,(1) Child psychological abuse and neglect significantly contributed to suicidal ideation;(2) Coping style played a mediating role in the relationship between child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation;(3) Friendship quality moderated the direct path from child psychological abuse and neglect to suicidal ideation,with this indirect effect being much stronger for adolescents with lower friendship quality;(4) Friendship quality also moderated the mediated path through emotionfocused coping,with the relationship being stronger for adolescents with higher friendship quality.Thus,both mediating and moderating effects existed in the association between child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation.The present study revealed how and when child psychological abuse and neglect affected suicidal ideation.These findings may contribute to the precaution and prevention of teenager suicide.First,it is important to protect children from the harm of psychological abuse and neglect.Second,it is also helpful to decrease teenagers' suicidal ideation risk by learning appropriate coping strategies and forming stronger interpersonal relationship.
A massive literature documents the association between psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation.However,the underlying mechanism of suicidal ideations remains unknown.Based on the strain theory of suicide,coping style is crucial in causing suicidal ideation.Moreover,previous studies and the attachment theory suggest potential mediating role of coping style in the relationship between child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation.Meanwhile,according to the interpersonal theory of suicide,friendship quality can be the protecting factor for suicidal ideation.From the perspective of ecological systems theory,friendship quality may interact with child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation;and in line with the organism-environment interaction model,friendship quality may interact with coping style.To sum up,this study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine whether coping style mediated the relation between child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation,and whether friendship quality moderated this indirect mediating process as well as direct process.A total of 988 junior high school students aged 9～14(543 boys and 445 girls) from 8 cities participated in this investigation.After given informed consents,they completed Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale,Chinese Version of Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Inventory,Copying Style Scale for Middle School Students and Chinese Version of Friendship Quality Inventory.First,common method biases were examined.Then correlation analysis was conducted to acquire the overall relationships between variables among the hypothesized model.Finally,the moderated mediation effects were tested by the PROCESS macro for SPSS.The correlation analysis showed that:child psychological abuse and neglect was positively correlated with suicidal ideation,emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation,while problem-focused coping was negatively correlated with child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation.The testing for moderated mediation model indicated that:after controlling for gender and single child,(1) Child psychological abuse and neglect significantly contributed to suicidal ideation;(2) Coping style played a mediating role in the relationship between child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation;(3) Friendship quality moderated the direct path from child psychological abuse and neglect to suicidal ideation,with this indirect effect being much stronger for adolescents with lower friendship quality;(4) Friendship quality also moderated the mediated path through emotionfocused coping,with the relationship being stronger for adolescents with higher friendship quality.Thus,both mediating and moderating effects existed in the association between child psychological abuse and neglect and suicidal ideation.The present study revealed how and when child psychological abuse and neglect affected suicidal ideation.These findings may contribute to the precaution and prevention of teenager suicide.First,it is important to protect children from the harm of psychological abuse and neglect.Second,it is also helpful to decrease teenagers' suicidal ideation risk by learning appropriate coping strategies and forming stronger interpersonal relationship.
引文
陈树林,郑全全,潘健男,郑胜圣.(2000).中学生应对方式量表的初步编制.中国临床心理学杂志,8(4),211-214.
邓云龙,潘辰,唐秋萍,袁秀洪,肖长根.(2007).儿童心理虐待与忽视量表的初步编制.中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,16(2),175-177.
范兴华,方晓义.(2004).大学生友谊质量量表中文版信度与效度的初步研究.中国临床心理学杂志,12(2),133-134.
胡月,樊富珉,戴艳军,崔宁,赵晓威.(2016).大学生生活事件与自杀意念:生命价值观的中介与调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,24(1),149-151.
李董平.(2012).多重生态学风险因素与青少年社会适应:风险建模与作用机制研究.华南师范大学博士学位论文.
陆红,田丽丽,马孟阳.(2012).自杀意念评估工具概述.中国特殊教育,6,81-86.
王学志,宫火良,康晓然,刘雯雯,董晓静,马彦锋.(2011).青少年自杀意念量表中文版在高中生应用的信效度分析.中国健康心理学杂志,19(8),964-966.
温忠麟,叶宝娟.(2014).中介效应分析:方法和模型发展.心理科学进展,22(5),731-745.
肖聪阁,陈旭.(2009).农村留守初中生依恋与应对方式的关系研究.心理发展与教育,25(1),92-96.
熊红星,张璟,叶宝娟,郑雪,孙配贞.(2012).共同方法变异的影响及其统计控制途径的模型分析.心理科学进展,20(5),757-769.
张杰.(2005).自杀的“压力不协调理论”初探.中国心理卫生杂志,19(11),778-782.
朱军成,王鑫强.(2017).师范生职业认同与自杀意念的关系:抑郁的中介作用及其性别差异.心理发展与教育,33(5),614-621.
竺培梁.(2007).大学生成人依恋、应对方式与负性情绪的关系研究.心理科学,30(5),1087-1090.
Asghari,F.,Sadeghi,A.,Aslani,K.,Saadat,S.,&Khodayari,H.(2013).The survey of relationship between perceived stress,coping strategies and suicide ideation among students at University of Guilan,Iran.International Journal of Education and Research,1(11),1-8.
Baer,J.C.,&Martinez,C.D.(2006).Child maltreatment and insecure attachment:A meta-analysis.Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology,24(3),187-197.
Bearman,P.S.,&Moody,J.(2004).Suicide and friendships among American adolescents.American Journal of Public Health,94(1),89-95.
Belsky,J.,&de Haan,M.(2011).Annual research review:Parenting and children’s brain development:The end of the beginning.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,52(4),409-428.
Bonner,R.L.,&Rich,A.R.(1987).Toward a predictive model of suicidal ideation and behavior:Some preliminary data in college students.Suicide and LifeThreatening Behavior,17(1),50-63.
Bowlby,J.(1982).Attachment and loss:Retrospect and prospect.American journal of Orthopsychiatry,52(4),664-678.
Bronfenbrenner,U.(1979).Contexts of child rearing:Problems and prospects.American Psychologist,34(10),844-850.
Cuadros,O.,&Berger,C.(2016).The protective role of friendship quality on the wellbeing of adolescents victimized by peers.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,45(9),1877-1888.
Folkman,S.,&Lazarus,R.S.(1985).If it changes it must be a process:Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,48(1),150-170.
Gibb,B.E.,Butler,A.C.,&Beck,J.S.(2003).Childhood abuse,depression,and anxiety in adult psychiatric outpatients.Depression and Anxiety,17(4),226-228.
Giletta,M.,Prinstein,M.J.,Abela,J.R.Z.,Gibb,B.E.,Barrocas,A.L.,&Hankin,B.L.(2015).Trajectories of suicide ideation and nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents in mainland China:Peer predictors,joint development,and risk for suicide attempts.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,83(2),265-279.
Giletta,M.,Hastings,P.D.,Rudolph,K.D.,Bauer,D.J.,Nock,M.K.,&Prinstein,M.J.(2017).Suicide ideation among high-risk adolescent females:Examining the interplay between parasympathetic regulation and friendship support.Development and Psychopathology,29(4),1161-1175.
Gumley,A.I.,Taylor,H.E.F.,Schwannauer,M.,&MacBeth,A.(2014).Asystematic review of attachment and psychosis:Measurement,construct validity and outcomes.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,129(4),257-274.
Hayes,A.F.(2013).Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:A regression-based approach.New York,NY:The Guilford Press.
Hager,A.D.,&Runtz,M.G.(2012).Physical and psychological maltreatment in childhood and later health problems in women:An exploratory investigation of the roles of perceived stress and coping strategies.Child Abuse and Neglect,36(5),393-403.
Jackson,Y.,Huffhines,L.,Stone,K.J.,Fleming,K.,&Gabrielli,J.(2017).Coping styles in youth exposed to maltreatment:Longitudinal patterns reported by youth in foster care.Child Abuse and Neglect,70,65-74.
Khazem,L.R.,Law,K.C.,Green,B.A.,&Anestis,M.D.(2015).Examining the relationship between coping strategies and suicidal desire in a sample of United States military personnel.Comprehensive Psychiatry,57,2-9.
Kwok,S.Y.,Chai,W.Y.,&He,X.S.(2013).Child abuse and suicidal ideation among adolescents in China.Child Abuse and Neglect,37(11),986-996.
Lehman,D.R.,Ellard,J.H.,&Wortman,C.B.(1986).Social support for the bereaved:Recipients'and providers'perspectives on what is helpful.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,54(4),438-446.
Lerner,R.M.,Lerner,J.V.,Almerigi,J.,&Theokas,C.(2006).Dynamics of individual←→context relations in human development:A developmental systems perspective.In J.C.Thomas&D.L.Segal(Eds.),Comprehensive handbook of personality and psychopathology,Vol.1:Personality and everyday functioning(pp.23-43).Hoboken,NJ:John Wiley&Sons Inc..
Lev-Wiesel,R.,&First,M.(2018).Willingness to disclose child maltreatment:CSA vs other forms of child abuse in relation to gender.Child Abuse and Neglect,79,183-191.
Mc Laughlin,K.A.,Sheridan,M.A.,&Lambert,H.K.(2014).Childhood adversity and neural development:Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience.Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,47,578-591.
Miller,A.B.,Esposito-Smythers,C.,Weismoore,J.T.,&Renshaw,K.D.(2013).The relation between child maltreatment and adolescent suicidal behavior:Asystematic review and critical examination of the literature.Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review,16(2),146-172.
Miller,A.B.,Jenness,J.L.,Oppenheimer,C.W.,Gottleib,A.L.B.,Young,J.F.,&Hankin,B.L.(2017).Childhood emotional maltreatment as a robust predictor of suicidal ideation:A 3-year multi-wave,prospective investigation.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,45(1),105-116.
Murshid,N.S.(2017).Parents,friends,and depression:A multi-country study of adolescents in South Asia.Children and Youth Services Review,79,160-165.
Perlman,M.R.,Dawson,A.E.,Dardis,C.M.,Egan,T.,&Anderson,T.(2016).The association between childhood maltreatment and coping strategies:The indirect effect through attachment.The Journal of Genetic Psychology,177(5),156-171.
Prinstein,M.J.,Nock,M.K.,Simon,V.,Aikins,J.W.,Cheah,C.S.L.,&Spirito,A.(2008).Longitudinal trajectories and predictors of adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts following inpatient hospitalization.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,76(1),92-103.
Roeser,R.W.,Midgley,C.,&Urdan,T.C.(1996).Perceptions of the school psychological environment and early adolescents'psychological and behavioral functioning in school:The mediating role of goals and belonging.Journal of Educational Psychology,88(3),408-422.
Shpiegel,Y.,Klomek,A.B.,&Apter,A.(2015).Bullying,cyberbullying,depression and suicide ideation among youth:Comparing online to paperand-pencil questionnaires.International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health,8(2),161-167.
Suls,J.,&Fletcher,B.(1985).The relative efficacy of avoidant and nonavoidant coping strategies:A meta-analysis.Health Psychology,4(3),249-288.
Thullen,M.J.,Taliaferro,L.A.,&Muehlenkamp,J.J.(2016).Suicide ideation and attempts among adolescents engaged in risk behaviors:A latent class analysis.Journal of Research on Adolescence,26(3),587-594.
Van Orden,K.A.,Witte,T.K.,Cukrowicz,K.C.,Braithwaite,S.R.,Selby,E.A.,&Joiner,T.E.,Jr.(2010).The interpersonal theory of suicide.Psychological Review,117(2),575-600.
World Health Organization.(2015).World health statistics 2015.World Health Organization.
Yao,Y.S.,Chang,W.W.,Jin,Y.L.,Chen,Y.,He,L.P.,&Zhang,L.(2014).Life satisfaction,coping,self-esteem and suicide ideation in Chinese adolescents:A school-based study.Child:Care,Health and Development,40(5),747-752.
Zhang,J.(2016).From psychological strain to disconnectedness:A two-factor model theory of suicide.Crisis,37(3),169-175.
Zhang,X.Y.,Wang,H.P.,Xia,Y.,Liu,X.H.,&Jung,E.(2012).Stress,coping and suicide ideation in Chinese college students.Journal of Adolescence,35(3),683-690.
Zhou,Y.Y.,Li,D.P.,Li,X.,Wang,Y.H.,&Zhao,L.Y.(2017).Big five personality and adolescent Internet addiction:The mediating role of coping style.Addictive Behaviors,64,42-48.
Zimmer-Gembeck,M.J.,Webb,H.J.,Pepping,C.A.,Swan,K.,Merlo,O.,Skinner,E.A.,et al.(2017).Is parent-child attachment a correlate of children’s emotion regulation and coping?International Journal of Behavioral Development,41(1),74-93.
邓云龙,潘辰,唐秋萍,袁秀洪,肖长根.(2007).儿童心理虐待与忽视量表的初步编制.中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,16(2),175-177.
范兴华,方晓义.(2004).大学生友谊质量量表中文版信度与效度的初步研究.中国临床心理学杂志,12(2),133-134.
胡月,樊富珉,戴艳军,崔宁,赵晓威.(2016).大学生生活事件与自杀意念:生命价值观的中介与调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,24(1),149-151.
李董平.(2012).多重生态学风险因素与青少年社会适应:风险建模与作用机制研究.华南师范大学博士学位论文.
陆红,田丽丽,马孟阳.(2012).自杀意念评估工具概述.中国特殊教育,6,81-86.
王学志,宫火良,康晓然,刘雯雯,董晓静,马彦锋.(2011).青少年自杀意念量表中文版在高中生应用的信效度分析.中国健康心理学杂志,19(8),964-966.
温忠麟,叶宝娟.(2014).中介效应分析:方法和模型发展.心理科学进展,22(5),731-745.
肖聪阁,陈旭.(2009).农村留守初中生依恋与应对方式的关系研究.心理发展与教育,25(1),92-96.
熊红星,张璟,叶宝娟,郑雪,孙配贞.(2012).共同方法变异的影响及其统计控制途径的模型分析.心理科学进展,20(5),757-769.
张杰.(2005).自杀的“压力不协调理论”初探.中国心理卫生杂志,19(11),778-782.
朱军成,王鑫强.(2017).师范生职业认同与自杀意念的关系:抑郁的中介作用及其性别差异.心理发展与教育,33(5),614-621.
竺培梁.(2007).大学生成人依恋、应对方式与负性情绪的关系研究.心理科学,30(5),1087-1090.
Asghari,F.,Sadeghi,A.,Aslani,K.,Saadat,S.,&Khodayari,H.(2013).The survey of relationship between perceived stress,coping strategies and suicide ideation among students at University of Guilan,Iran.International Journal of Education and Research,1(11),1-8.
Baer,J.C.,&Martinez,C.D.(2006).Child maltreatment and insecure attachment:A meta-analysis.Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology,24(3),187-197.
Bearman,P.S.,&Moody,J.(2004).Suicide and friendships among American adolescents.American Journal of Public Health,94(1),89-95.
Belsky,J.,&de Haan,M.(2011).Annual research review:Parenting and children’s brain development:The end of the beginning.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,52(4),409-428.
Bonner,R.L.,&Rich,A.R.(1987).Toward a predictive model of suicidal ideation and behavior:Some preliminary data in college students.Suicide and LifeThreatening Behavior,17(1),50-63.
Bowlby,J.(1982).Attachment and loss:Retrospect and prospect.American journal of Orthopsychiatry,52(4),664-678.
Bronfenbrenner,U.(1979).Contexts of child rearing:Problems and prospects.American Psychologist,34(10),844-850.
Cuadros,O.,&Berger,C.(2016).The protective role of friendship quality on the wellbeing of adolescents victimized by peers.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,45(9),1877-1888.
Folkman,S.,&Lazarus,R.S.(1985).If it changes it must be a process:Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,48(1),150-170.
Gibb,B.E.,Butler,A.C.,&Beck,J.S.(2003).Childhood abuse,depression,and anxiety in adult psychiatric outpatients.Depression and Anxiety,17(4),226-228.
Giletta,M.,Prinstein,M.J.,Abela,J.R.Z.,Gibb,B.E.,Barrocas,A.L.,&Hankin,B.L.(2015).Trajectories of suicide ideation and nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents in mainland China:Peer predictors,joint development,and risk for suicide attempts.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,83(2),265-279.
Giletta,M.,Hastings,P.D.,Rudolph,K.D.,Bauer,D.J.,Nock,M.K.,&Prinstein,M.J.(2017).Suicide ideation among high-risk adolescent females:Examining the interplay between parasympathetic regulation and friendship support.Development and Psychopathology,29(4),1161-1175.
Gumley,A.I.,Taylor,H.E.F.,Schwannauer,M.,&MacBeth,A.(2014).Asystematic review of attachment and psychosis:Measurement,construct validity and outcomes.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,129(4),257-274.
Hayes,A.F.(2013).Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:A regression-based approach.New York,NY:The Guilford Press.
Hager,A.D.,&Runtz,M.G.(2012).Physical and psychological maltreatment in childhood and later health problems in women:An exploratory investigation of the roles of perceived stress and coping strategies.Child Abuse and Neglect,36(5),393-403.
Jackson,Y.,Huffhines,L.,Stone,K.J.,Fleming,K.,&Gabrielli,J.(2017).Coping styles in youth exposed to maltreatment:Longitudinal patterns reported by youth in foster care.Child Abuse and Neglect,70,65-74.
Khazem,L.R.,Law,K.C.,Green,B.A.,&Anestis,M.D.(2015).Examining the relationship between coping strategies and suicidal desire in a sample of United States military personnel.Comprehensive Psychiatry,57,2-9.
Kwok,S.Y.,Chai,W.Y.,&He,X.S.(2013).Child abuse and suicidal ideation among adolescents in China.Child Abuse and Neglect,37(11),986-996.
Lehman,D.R.,Ellard,J.H.,&Wortman,C.B.(1986).Social support for the bereaved:Recipients'and providers'perspectives on what is helpful.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,54(4),438-446.
Lerner,R.M.,Lerner,J.V.,Almerigi,J.,&Theokas,C.(2006).Dynamics of individual←→context relations in human development:A developmental systems perspective.In J.C.Thomas&D.L.Segal(Eds.),Comprehensive handbook of personality and psychopathology,Vol.1:Personality and everyday functioning(pp.23-43).Hoboken,NJ:John Wiley&Sons Inc..
Lev-Wiesel,R.,&First,M.(2018).Willingness to disclose child maltreatment:CSA vs other forms of child abuse in relation to gender.Child Abuse and Neglect,79,183-191.
Mc Laughlin,K.A.,Sheridan,M.A.,&Lambert,H.K.(2014).Childhood adversity and neural development:Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience.Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,47,578-591.
Miller,A.B.,Esposito-Smythers,C.,Weismoore,J.T.,&Renshaw,K.D.(2013).The relation between child maltreatment and adolescent suicidal behavior:Asystematic review and critical examination of the literature.Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review,16(2),146-172.
Miller,A.B.,Jenness,J.L.,Oppenheimer,C.W.,Gottleib,A.L.B.,Young,J.F.,&Hankin,B.L.(2017).Childhood emotional maltreatment as a robust predictor of suicidal ideation:A 3-year multi-wave,prospective investigation.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,45(1),105-116.
Murshid,N.S.(2017).Parents,friends,and depression:A multi-country study of adolescents in South Asia.Children and Youth Services Review,79,160-165.
Perlman,M.R.,Dawson,A.E.,Dardis,C.M.,Egan,T.,&Anderson,T.(2016).The association between childhood maltreatment and coping strategies:The indirect effect through attachment.The Journal of Genetic Psychology,177(5),156-171.
Prinstein,M.J.,Nock,M.K.,Simon,V.,Aikins,J.W.,Cheah,C.S.L.,&Spirito,A.(2008).Longitudinal trajectories and predictors of adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts following inpatient hospitalization.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,76(1),92-103.
Roeser,R.W.,Midgley,C.,&Urdan,T.C.(1996).Perceptions of the school psychological environment and early adolescents'psychological and behavioral functioning in school:The mediating role of goals and belonging.Journal of Educational Psychology,88(3),408-422.
Shpiegel,Y.,Klomek,A.B.,&Apter,A.(2015).Bullying,cyberbullying,depression and suicide ideation among youth:Comparing online to paperand-pencil questionnaires.International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health,8(2),161-167.
Suls,J.,&Fletcher,B.(1985).The relative efficacy of avoidant and nonavoidant coping strategies:A meta-analysis.Health Psychology,4(3),249-288.
Thullen,M.J.,Taliaferro,L.A.,&Muehlenkamp,J.J.(2016).Suicide ideation and attempts among adolescents engaged in risk behaviors:A latent class analysis.Journal of Research on Adolescence,26(3),587-594.
Van Orden,K.A.,Witte,T.K.,Cukrowicz,K.C.,Braithwaite,S.R.,Selby,E.A.,&Joiner,T.E.,Jr.(2010).The interpersonal theory of suicide.Psychological Review,117(2),575-600.
World Health Organization.(2015).World health statistics 2015.World Health Organization.
Yao,Y.S.,Chang,W.W.,Jin,Y.L.,Chen,Y.,He,L.P.,&Zhang,L.(2014).Life satisfaction,coping,self-esteem and suicide ideation in Chinese adolescents:A school-based study.Child:Care,Health and Development,40(5),747-752.
Zhang,J.(2016).From psychological strain to disconnectedness:A two-factor model theory of suicide.Crisis,37(3),169-175.
Zhang,X.Y.,Wang,H.P.,Xia,Y.,Liu,X.H.,&Jung,E.(2012).Stress,coping and suicide ideation in Chinese college students.Journal of Adolescence,35(3),683-690.
Zhou,Y.Y.,Li,D.P.,Li,X.,Wang,Y.H.,&Zhao,L.Y.(2017).Big five personality and adolescent Internet addiction:The mediating role of coping style.Addictive Behaviors,64,42-48.
Zimmer-Gembeck,M.J.,Webb,H.J.,Pepping,C.A.,Swan,K.,Merlo,O.,Skinner,E.A.,et al.(2017).Is parent-child attachment a correlate of children’s emotion regulation and coping?International Journal of Behavioral Development,41(1),74-93.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |