拖拉机电动悬挂机构性能分析及参数优化
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摘要
以某国产26 kW拖拉机悬挂机构为研究对象,在ADAMS/View中建立基于电动推杆的拖拉机电动悬挂机构模型对其进行动力学仿真分析,得出运动过程中电动推杆出力变化曲线图。选择提升臂长度、提升杆长度、上拉杆铰接点位置、提升杆与下拉杆铰接点位置、电动推杆与提升臂铰接点位置为变量,采用单因素和多因素组合试验设计法对电动悬挂机构结构参数进行优化,分析5个参数变化对电动推杆出力变化的影响规律,并优化确定悬挂机构的最佳结构参数组合。结果表明,优化前后推杆出力最大值降低36%,平均值降低51%,为电动悬挂机构选型试验研究提供依据。室内台架试验结果表明:电动悬挂装置提升时间小于等于3 s,提升行程大于420 mm,最大提升力大于5.8 kN,满足设计要求同时也验证仿真分析的正确性。
Taking a type of domestic 26 kW tractor suspension mechanism as the research object, the authors obtained the curve of linear actuator's driving force during the operation process through the dynamic simulation analysis which is based on the tractor's electric suspension mechanism model contructed in the simulation software ADAMS. By changing the length of lift arm and lift rod, the position of upper link, the hinge point of the linear actuator and the lifting arm, the hinge point of the lifting rod and the lower rod,the authors used combination test methods of single-factor and multi-factor to optimize the structural parameters. According to the changing law of linear actuator, the best parameters were obtained. The simulation results show that after the optimization, the maximum driving force of linear actuator decreases by 36%, the average driving force decreases by 51%, which provide the basis for the selection design of tractor suspension mechanism. The test results show that: the operation time is less than or equal to 3 s, the lifting stroke is more than 420 mm, and the maximum lifting force is more than 5.8 kN, which satisfies the design requirements and verifies the correctness of the simulation analysis.
Taking a type of domestic 26 kW tractor suspension mechanism as the research object, the authors obtained the curve of linear actuator's driving force during the operation process through the dynamic simulation analysis which is based on the tractor's electric suspension mechanism model contructed in the simulation software ADAMS. By changing the length of lift arm and lift rod, the position of upper link, the hinge point of the linear actuator and the lifting arm, the hinge point of the lifting rod and the lower rod,the authors used combination test methods of single-factor and multi-factor to optimize the structural parameters. According to the changing law of linear actuator, the best parameters were obtained. The simulation results show that after the optimization, the maximum driving force of linear actuator decreases by 36%, the average driving force decreases by 51%, which provide the basis for the selection design of tractor suspension mechanism. The test results show that: the operation time is less than or equal to 3 s, the lifting stroke is more than 420 mm, and the maximum lifting force is more than 5.8 kN, which satisfies the design requirements and verifies the correctness of the simulation analysis.
引文
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[2] Matikainen V, Backman J, Visala A. Cartesian control of an advanced tractors rear hitch—damped least-squares solution [J]. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2014, 47: 11565-11570.
[3] 高翔, 王志勇, 潘道远. 拖拉机悬挂犁耕机组的阻力调节特性分析[J]. 机械设计, 2013, 30(4): 92-96.Gao Xiang, Wang Zhiyong, Pan Daoyuan. Analysis on ploughing resistance regulation characteristic of tractor mounted plough set [J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2013, 30(4): 92-96.
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[5] 罗锡文, 单鹏辉, 张智刚, 等. 基于推杆电动机的拖拉机液压悬挂控制系统[J]. 农业机械学报, 2015, 46(10): 1-6.Luo Xiwen, Shan Penghui, Zhang Zhigang, et al. Electrohydraulic hitch control system for tractor based on linear actuator [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015, 46(10): 1-6.
[6] 全国拖拉机标准化技术委员会. 拖拉机标准汇编[M]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
[7] 王方艳. 基于ADAMS的输送清理装置的仿真研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2016, 37(2): 57-61.Wang Fangyan. Simulation research on conveyor cleaning device for sugar beet based on ADAMS [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2016, 37(2): 57-61.
[8] 王林军, 陈艳娟, 张东, 等. 基于MATLAB与ADAMS的Delta机器人运动学和动力学仿真分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2016, 37(11): 102-106, 122.Wang Linjun, Chen Yanjuan, Zhang Dong, et al. Kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis of Delta robot based on MATLAB and ADAMS [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2016, 37(11): 102-106, 122.
[9] 李康, 吕彩琴, 王玉帅. 基于Insight的刚柔耦合双横臂前悬架优化设计[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2015, 36(5): 188-191.Li Kang, Lv Caiqin, Wang Yushuai. Optimization design of rigid-flexible coupling double wishbone front suspens [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2015, 36(5): 188-191.
[10] 向铁明, 沈理真. 基于ADAMS的某赛车前悬架杆系优化[J]. 汽车工程, 2014, 36(4): 486-490.Xiang Tieming, Shen Lizhen. An optimization of the front suspension linkages of a racing car with ADAMS [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2014, 36(4): 486-490.
[11] 范继春. 基于Adams的马铃薯应力松弛仿真模型建立及验证[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2014, 35(6): 199-201.Fan Jichun. Development and validation of potato stress relaxation simulation model based on Adams [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2014, 35(6): 199-201.
[12] JB/T 6714.2—2007, 农业拖拉机液压悬挂系统试验方法[S].
[13] GB/T 3871.4—2006, 农业拖拉机试验规程第4部分: 后置三点悬挂装置提升能力[S].
[2] Matikainen V, Backman J, Visala A. Cartesian control of an advanced tractors rear hitch—damped least-squares solution [J]. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2014, 47: 11565-11570.
[3] 高翔, 王志勇, 潘道远. 拖拉机悬挂犁耕机组的阻力调节特性分析[J]. 机械设计, 2013, 30(4): 92-96.Gao Xiang, Wang Zhiyong, Pan Daoyuan. Analysis on ploughing resistance regulation characteristic of tractor mounted plough set [J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2013, 30(4): 92-96.
[4] 谈梅兰, 赵宁, 葛晶. 基于浮动随机实验法的拖拉机悬挂机构优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2014, 35(3): 119-123.Tan Meilan, Zhao Ning, Ge Jing. Optimization of tractor three-point hitch based on floating random test [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2014, 35(3): 119-123.
[5] 罗锡文, 单鹏辉, 张智刚, 等. 基于推杆电动机的拖拉机液压悬挂控制系统[J]. 农业机械学报, 2015, 46(10): 1-6.Luo Xiwen, Shan Penghui, Zhang Zhigang, et al. Electrohydraulic hitch control system for tractor based on linear actuator [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015, 46(10): 1-6.
[6] 全国拖拉机标准化技术委员会. 拖拉机标准汇编[M]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
[7] 王方艳. 基于ADAMS的输送清理装置的仿真研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2016, 37(2): 57-61.Wang Fangyan. Simulation research on conveyor cleaning device for sugar beet based on ADAMS [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2016, 37(2): 57-61.
[8] 王林军, 陈艳娟, 张东, 等. 基于MATLAB与ADAMS的Delta机器人运动学和动力学仿真分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2016, 37(11): 102-106, 122.Wang Linjun, Chen Yanjuan, Zhang Dong, et al. Kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis of Delta robot based on MATLAB and ADAMS [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2016, 37(11): 102-106, 122.
[9] 李康, 吕彩琴, 王玉帅. 基于Insight的刚柔耦合双横臂前悬架优化设计[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2015, 36(5): 188-191.Li Kang, Lv Caiqin, Wang Yushuai. Optimization design of rigid-flexible coupling double wishbone front suspens [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2015, 36(5): 188-191.
[10] 向铁明, 沈理真. 基于ADAMS的某赛车前悬架杆系优化[J]. 汽车工程, 2014, 36(4): 486-490.Xiang Tieming, Shen Lizhen. An optimization of the front suspension linkages of a racing car with ADAMS [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2014, 36(4): 486-490.
[11] 范继春. 基于Adams的马铃薯应力松弛仿真模型建立及验证[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2014, 35(6): 199-201.Fan Jichun. Development and validation of potato stress relaxation simulation model based on Adams [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2014, 35(6): 199-201.
[12] JB/T 6714.2—2007, 农业拖拉机液压悬挂系统试验方法[S].
[13] GB/T 3871.4—2006, 农业拖拉机试验规程第4部分: 后置三点悬挂装置提升能力[S].