煤层气多层合采开发单元划分及有利区评价
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摘要
以煤层气井产能方程为基础,考虑煤储集层可改造性对气井生产能力的影响,对产层优化组合"三步法"中的主力产层优选指数进行修正,进而提出煤层气产层潜能指数用于评价多层合采条件下的开发有利区。通过对影响产层潜能指数的煤储集层关键参数的分析,建立了多煤层煤层气开发单元划分方法,提出了定量分级评级指标体系。在此基础上,制定出完整的多煤层煤层气开发有利区的评价流程:采用成熟的三维地质建模技术对多煤层全层位进行储集层物性参数的精细刻画;计算各网格的产层潜能指数,并绘制单层或多层合采条件下的产层潜能指数等值线;根据产层潜能指数等值线的分布情况,采用开发单元划分定量指标划分出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类煤储集层分布区,进而优选出开发有利区。经多煤层普遍发育的云南老厂雨旺区块的实际应用证实,采用煤层气多层合采开发单元划分方法、定量指标结合有利区评价流程进行开发有利区评价,可以有效克服仅依靠某一主力单煤层的产气潜能评价结果作为开发有利区优选标准的缺陷,提高了评价结果的准确性和精度,可以满足多煤层煤层气合采开发的选区要求。图13表1参32
Based on the productivity equation of coalbed methane(CBM) well, considering the impact of coal reservoir reformability on gas well productivity, the main production layer optimization index in the "three-step method" of optimal combination of production layers is corrected, and then the CBM production layer potential index is introduced to evaluate favorable areas for commingled multi-coal seam production. Through analysis of the key parameters of coal reservoirs affecting the CBM productivity index, a development unit division method for areas with multi-coal seams is established, and a quantitative grading index system is proposed. On this basis, the evaluation process of CBM development favorable area is developed: the mature 3-D modeling technology is used to characterize the reservoir physical properties of multi-coal seams in full-scale; the production layer potential index of each grid is calculated, and the production layer potential index contour under single-layer or commingled multi-layer production are plotted; according to the distribution of the contour of production layer potential index, the quantitative index of CBM development unit is adopted to outline the grade I, II, III coal reservoir distribution areas, and thus to pick out the favorable development areas. The practical application in the Yuwang block of Laochang in Yunnan proved that the favorable area evaluation process proposed can effectively overcome the defects of selecting favorable development areas only relying on evaluation results of a major coal seam pay, and enhance the accuracy of the evaluation results, meeting the requirements of selecting favorable areas for multi-coal seam commingled CBM production.
Based on the productivity equation of coalbed methane(CBM) well, considering the impact of coal reservoir reformability on gas well productivity, the main production layer optimization index in the "three-step method" of optimal combination of production layers is corrected, and then the CBM production layer potential index is introduced to evaluate favorable areas for commingled multi-coal seam production. Through analysis of the key parameters of coal reservoirs affecting the CBM productivity index, a development unit division method for areas with multi-coal seams is established, and a quantitative grading index system is proposed. On this basis, the evaluation process of CBM development favorable area is developed: the mature 3-D modeling technology is used to characterize the reservoir physical properties of multi-coal seams in full-scale; the production layer potential index of each grid is calculated, and the production layer potential index contour under single-layer or commingled multi-layer production are plotted; according to the distribution of the contour of production layer potential index, the quantitative index of CBM development unit is adopted to outline the grade I, II, III coal reservoir distribution areas, and thus to pick out the favorable development areas. The practical application in the Yuwang block of Laochang in Yunnan proved that the favorable area evaluation process proposed can effectively overcome the defects of selecting favorable development areas only relying on evaluation results of a major coal seam pay, and enhance the accuracy of the evaluation results, meeting the requirements of selecting favorable areas for multi-coal seam commingled CBM production.
引文
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[2]高弟,秦勇,易同生.论贵州煤层气地质特点与勘探开发战略[J].中国煤炭地质,2009,21(3):20-23.GAO Di,QIN Yong,YI Tongsheng.Geological condition,exploration and exploitation strategy of coal-bed methane resources in Guizhou,China[J].Coal Geology of China,2009,21(3):20-23.
[3]吴财芳,刘小磊,张莎莎.滇东黔西多煤层地区煤层气“层次递阶”地质选区指标体系构建[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(6):1647-1653.WU Caifang,LIU Xiaolei,ZHANG Shasha.Construction of index system of“Hierarchical progressive”geological selection of coalbed methane in multiple seam area of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(6):1647-1653.
[4]毛凤军,姜虹,欧亚菲,等.尼日尔Termit盆地三维地质构造建模研究与应用[J].地学前缘,2018,25(2):62-71.MAO Fengjun,JIANG Hong,OU Yafei,et al.3D structural modeling and its application in the Termit Basin,Niger[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2018,25(2):62-71.
[5]胡文瑞,魏漪,鲍敬伟.中国低渗透油气藏开发理论与技术进展[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):646-656.HU Wenrui,WEI Yi,BAO Jingwei.Development of the theory and technology for low permeability reservoirs in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):646-656.
[6]PAN M,LI Z L,GAO Z B,et al.3-D geological modeling concept,methods and key techniques[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),2012,86(4):1031-1036.
[7]杨兆彪,张争光,秦勇,等.多煤层条件下煤层气开发产层组合优化方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(1):297-304.YANG Zhaobiao,ZHANG Zhengguang,QIN Yong,et al.Optimized combination method of production layer for coalbed methane development in multi-coal seams[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(1):297-304.
[8]邹才能,张国生,杨智,等.非常规油气概念、特征、潜力及技术:兼论非常规油气地质学[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(4):385-399.ZOU Caineng,ZHANG Guosheng,YANG Zhi,et al.Geological concepts,characteristics,resource potential and key techniques of unconventional hydrocarbon:On unconventional petroleum geology[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(4):385-399.
[9]孟召平,程浪洪,雷志勇.淮南矿区地应力条件及其对煤层顶底板稳定性的影响[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(1):21-25.MENG Zhaoping,CHENG Langhong,LEI Zhiyong.Characters of in-situ stress field in Huainan mine area and its influence on stability of coal roof and floor[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2007,35(1):21-25.
[10]蔡路,姚艳斌,张永平,等.沁水盆地郑庄区块煤储层水力压裂曲线类型及其地质影响因素[J].石油学报,2015,36(S1):83-90.CAI Lu,YAO Yanbin,ZHANG Yongping,et al.Hydraulic fracturing curve types of coal reservoirs in Zhengzhuang block,Qinshui basin and their geological influence factors[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S1):83-90.
[11]孙良忠,康永尚,王金,等.地应力类型垂向转换及其对煤储层渗透率控制作用[J].高校地质学报,2017,23(1):148-156.SUN Liangzhong,KANG Yongshang,WANG Jin,et al.Vertical transformation of in-situ stress types and its control on coalbed reservoir permeability[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2017,23(1):148-156.
[12]LI H,LAU H C,HUANG S.Coalbed methane development in China:Engineering challenges and opportunities[R].SPE 186289-MS,2017.
[13]RICKMAN R,MULLEN M,PETRE J,et al.A practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization:All shale plays are not clones of the Barnett shale[R].SPE 115258,2008.
[14]TAO S,TANG D Z,XU H,et al.Factors controlling high-yield coalbed methane vertical wells in the Fanzhuang Block,Southern Qinshui Basin[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,134:38-45.
[15]周英.采煤概论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2006.ZHOU Ying.Introduction to coal mining[M].Beijing:Coal Industry Press,2006.
[16]中国国家标准化管理委员会.煤层气资源勘查技术规范:GP/T29119-2012[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.The National Standardization Administration of China.Technical specifications of coalbed methane resources exploration:GP/T29119-2012[S].Beijing:China Standard Publishing House,2012.
[17]赵贤正,杨延辉,孙粉锦,等.沁水盆地南部高阶煤层气成藏规律与勘探开发技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):303-309.ZHAO Xianzheng,YANG Yanhui,SUN Fenjin,et al.Enrichment mechanism and exploration and development technologies of high rank coalbed methane in South Qinshui Basin,Shanxi Province[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):303-309.
[18]赵欣,姜波,徐强,等.煤层气开发井网设计与优化部署[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(1):84-90.ZHAO Xin,JIANG Bo,XU Qiang,et al.Well pattern design and deployment for coalbed methane development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(1):84-90.
[19]宋岩,李卓,姜振学,等.非常规油气地质研究进展与发展趋势[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(4):638-648.SONG Yan,LI Zhuo,JIANG Zhenxue,et al.Progress and development trend of unconventional oil and gas geological research[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(4):638-648.
[20]中华人民共和国国土资源部.煤层气资源/储量规范:DZ/T0216-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.The Ministry of Land and Resources of China.Specifications for coalbed methane resources/reserves:DZ/T 0216-2010[S].Beijing:China Standard Publishing House,2011.
[21]熊斌.织金区块煤层气单井产能地质因素分析[J].油气藏评价与开发,2014,4(4):58-62.XIONG Bin.Analysis on geological factors of single CBM well productivity in Zhijin block[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2014,4(4):58-62.
[22]单衍胜,毕彩芹,迟焕鹏,等.六盘水地区杨梅树向斜煤层气地质特征与有利开发层段优选[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(1):122-129.SHAN Yansheng,BI Caiqin,CHI Huanpeng,et al.Geologcial characteristics of coalbed methane and optimization for favorable productive intervals of Yangmeishu syncline in Liupanshui area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(1):122-129.
[23]李五忠,田文广,陈刚,等.不同煤阶煤层气选区评价参数的研究与应用[J].天然气工业,2010,30(6):45-47.LI Wuzhong,TIAN Wenguang,CHEN Gang,et al.Research and application of appraisal variables for the prioritizing of coalbed methane area featured by different coal ranks[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(6):45-47.
[24]傅雪海,秦勇,韦重韬.煤层气地质学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2007.FU Xuehai,QIN Yong,WEI Chongtao.Coalbed methane geology[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2007.
[25]肖钢,唐颖.页岩气及其勘探开发[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.XIAO Gang,TANG Ying.Shale gas and its exploration and development[M].Beijing:Advanced Education Press,2012.
[26]倪小明,陈鹏,李广生,等.恩村井田煤体结构与煤层气垂直井产能关系[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(3):508-512.NI Xiaoming,CHEN Peng,LI Guangsheng,et al.Relations between productivity of CBM vertical wells and coal structure in Encun mine field[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(3):508-512.
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