片麻岩各向异性力学特性试验研究
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摘要
岩石的各向异性力学特性对工程安全稳定性具有重要的作用。以片麻岩为研究对象,对垂直层理和平行层理的岩样开展了波速试验、单轴压缩和点荷载试验,分析了其强度特性,讨论了岩样的破坏特征及破裂模式。结果表明:在垂直层理和平行层理两种情况下,片麻岩的波速和强度差别明显,表现出各向异性特征;在垂直层理条件下,片麻岩的点荷载强度指标Is(50)与单轴压缩强度之间的换算系数为21. 25,而平行层理条件下为14. 46;单轴压缩试验中,垂直层理的岩样以拉-剪复合模式破坏,平行层理的岩样以张拉模式破坏;在圆盘形试样的点荷载试验中,试样破裂主要有2块和3块的形式,垂直层理和平行层理加载的破坏形式也存在一定差别。
The anisotropic characteristics of rock play an important role in engineering safety and stability. In gneiss as the research object,rock samples of vertical bedding and parallel bedding were analyzed by velocity test,uniaxial compression tests and point load tests,and the characteristics of rock sample destruction and burst mode were discussed. The results indicate that in two case of vertical bedding and parallel lay,that wave velocity and intensity difference of the gneiss are obviously different,and the anisotropic features are exhibited. In the case of vertical bedding,the conversion coefficient between point load strength index Is( 50)and uniaxial compression strength of gneiss is 21. 25,while in the case of parallel bedding,it is 14. 46. In uniaxial compression test,thesamples of vertical bedding are destroyed in the mode of tension-shear composite,and the rock samples of parallel bedding are destroyed in the mode of tension-shear. Inpoint load test,the sample fracture are mainly in the form of 2 and 3 blocks,vertical bedding and parallel bedding load form of destruction also has a certain difference.
The anisotropic characteristics of rock play an important role in engineering safety and stability. In gneiss as the research object,rock samples of vertical bedding and parallel bedding were analyzed by velocity test,uniaxial compression tests and point load tests,and the characteristics of rock sample destruction and burst mode were discussed. The results indicate that in two case of vertical bedding and parallel lay,that wave velocity and intensity difference of the gneiss are obviously different,and the anisotropic features are exhibited. In the case of vertical bedding,the conversion coefficient between point load strength index Is( 50)and uniaxial compression strength of gneiss is 21. 25,while in the case of parallel bedding,it is 14. 46. In uniaxial compression test,thesamples of vertical bedding are destroyed in the mode of tension-shear composite,and the rock samples of parallel bedding are destroyed in the mode of tension-shear. Inpoint load test,the sample fracture are mainly in the form of 2 and 3 blocks,vertical bedding and parallel bedding load form of destruction also has a certain difference.
引文
1李志钢,徐光黎,黄鹏,等.粉砂质板岩力学特性及各向异性特性[J].岩土力学,2018,39(5):1737-746Li Zhigang,Xu Guangli,Huang Peng,et al. Mechanical and anisotropic properties of silty slates[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(5):1737-746
2 刘胜利,陈善雄,余飞,等.绿泥石片岩各向异性特性研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3616-3623Liu Shengli,Chen Shanxiong,Yu Fei,et al. Anisotropic properties study of chlorite schist[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3616-3623
3 袁和义,陈平.基于波速测量的龙马溪组页岩的各向异性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(5):1200-1205Yuan Heyi,Chen Ping. Study on longmaxi formation shale anisotropy based on acousticwave velocity measurement[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(5):1200-1205
4 侯振坤,杨春和,郭印同,等.单轴压缩下龙马溪组页岩各向异性特征研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(9):2541-2550Hou Zhenkun,Yang Chunhe,Guo Yintong,et al. Experimental study on anisotropic properties of Longmaxiformationshale under uniaxial compression[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(9):2541-2550
5 高春玉,徐进,李忠洪,等.雪峰山隧道砂板岩各向异性力学特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(5):1360-1364Gao Chunyu,Xu Jin,Li Zhonghong,et al. Experimental study of anisotropically mechanical characteristicsof sandy slate in Xuefeng mountain tunnel[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1360-1364
6 吴永胜,谭忠盛,喻渝,等.川西北茂县群千枚岩各向异性力学特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):207-216Wu Yongsheng,Tan Zhongsheng,Yu Yu,et al. Anisotropically mechanical characteristics of Maoxian group phyllite innorthwest of Sichuan province[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):207-216
7 刘恺德,刘泉声,朱元广,等.考虑层理方向效应煤岩巴西劈裂及单轴压缩试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(2):308-316Liu Kaide,Liu Quansheng,Zhu Yuanguang,et al. Experimental study of coal considering directivity effect of bed ding plane under brazilians plitting and uniaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(2):308-316
8 邓华峰,张小景,张恒宾,等.巴西劈裂法在层状岩体抗拉强度测试中的分析与讨论[J].岩土力学,2016(增刊2):309-315Deng Huafeng,Zhang Xiaojing,Zhang Hengbin,et al. Analysis and discussion on Brazilian tests on layered rock tensile strength[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016(S2):309-315
9 江权,冯夏庭,樊义林,等.柱状节理玄武岩各向异性特性的调查与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2527-2535Jiang Quan,Feng Xiating,Fan Yilin,et al. Survey and laboratory study of anisotropic properties for columnar jointed basaltic rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2527-2535
10 中国水电顾问集团程度勘测设计研究院.水电水利工程岩石试验规程:DL/T 5368—2007[S].北京:科学出版社,2007Sinohydro Consulting Group Level Survey and Design Institute. Rock test procedure for hydro-power engineering:DL/T 5368—2007[S].Beijing:Science Press,2007
11 丁梧秀,姚增,蒋振.岩体工程特性研究中弹性波速参数取值方法探讨[J].岩土力学,2004,25(9):1353-1356Ding Wuxiu,Yao Zeng,Jiang Zhen. Study on methods of how to select reasonably elastic wave velocityparameters of engineering rockmass[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(9):1353-1356
12 Vernik L,Nur A. Ultrasonic velocity and anisotropy of hydrocarbon source rocks[J]. Geophysics,1992,57(5):727-735
13 邓继新,史謌,刘瑞珣,等.泥岩、页岩声速各向异性及其影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):862-868Deng Jixin,Shi Ge,Liu Ruixun,et al. Analysis of the velocity anisotropy and its affection factors in shale and mudstone[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):862-868
14 陈天宇,冯夏庭,张希巍,等.黑色页岩力学特性及各向异性特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1772-1779Chen Tianyu,Feng Xiating,Zhang Xiwei,et al. Experimental study on mechanical and anisotropic properties of black shale[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1772-1779
15 张永泽,刘俊新,冒海军,等.单轴压缩下页岩力学特性的各向异性试验研究[J].金属矿山,2015(12):33-37Zhang Yongze,Liu Junxin,Mao Haijun,et al. Anisotropic experimental study on mechanical properties of shale under uniaxial compression[J]. Metal Mine,2015(12):33-37
16 成都地质学院水文地质及工程地质系点荷载试验研究小组.岩石点荷载试验[M].北京:地质出版社,1979Point Load Test Research Group of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Department,Chengdu University of Geology. Rock point load test[M]. Beijing:Geology Press,1979
17 付志亮,王亮.煤层顶底板岩石点荷载与拉压强度对比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(1):88-96Fu Zhiliang, Wang Liang. Comparativeexperi-mentalresearchonpointload strength,uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength for rock sinroof and floor of coal seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(1):88-96
18 国际岩石力学学会测试方法委员会.测定点荷载强度的建议方法[J].岩石力学,1986(5):79-90Committee on Test Methods of the International Society of Rock Mechanics. Recommended method for determination of point load strength[J]. Rock Mechanics,1986(5):79-90
19 中华人民共和国水利部.工程岩体分级标准:GB/T 50218—1994[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995:10-17Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Engineering rock mass classification standard:GB/T 50218—1994[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,1995:10-17
20 胡庆华.岩石点荷载试验与标准抗压强度的相关关系[J].水利水电技术,1997,28(10):24-26Hu Qinghua. The correlation between rock load test andthe standard compressive strength[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1997,28(10):24-26
21 ISRM. Suggested method for determining point load strength[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1985,22(2):51-60
22 中华人民共和国水利部.工程岩体分级标准:GB/T 50218—2014[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2015Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Engineering rock mass classification standard:GB/T 50218—2014[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2015
23 Bieniawski Z T. The point-load test in geotechnical practice[J].Engineering Geology,1975,9(1):1-11
24 Broch E,Franklin J A. The point-load strength test[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1972,9(6):669-676
25 Forster I R. The influence of core sample geometry on the axial point-load test[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts, 1983, 20(6):291-295
26 Tugrul A,Zarif I H. Correlation of mineralogical and textural characteristics with engineering properties of selected granitic rocks from Turkey[J]. Engineering Geology,1999,51(4):303-317
27 Gunsallus K L,Kulhawy F H. A comparative evaluation of rock strength measures[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts, 1984, 21(5):233-248
28 Cargill J S,Shakoor A. Evaluation of empirical methods for measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1990,27(6):495-503
29 Kahraman S. Evaluation of simple methods for assessing the uniaxial compressive strength of rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(7):981-994
30 Kahraman S,Gunaydin O,Fener M. The effect of porosity on the relation between uniaxial compressive strength and point load index[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2005,42(4):584-589
31 Quane S L,Russell J K. Rock strength as a metric of welding intensity in pyroclastic deposits[J]. European Journal of Mineralogy,2003,15(5):855-864
32 Tsiambaos G,Sabatakakis N. Considerations on strength of intact sedimentary rocks[J]. Engineering Geology,2004,72(3-4):261-273
33 Santi P M. Field methods for characterizing weak rock for engineering[J]. Environmental&Engineering Geoscience,2006,12(1):1-11
34 Diamantis K,Gartzos E,Migiros G. Study on uniaxial compressive strength,point load strength index,dynamic and physical properties of serpentinites from Central Greece:test results and empirical relations[J]. Engineering Geology,2009,108(3-4):199-207
35 Kahraman S. The determination of uniaxial compressive strength from point load strength for pyroclastic rocks[J]. Engineering Geology,2014,170(1):33-42
36 Kilic A,Teymen A. Determination of mechanical properties of rocks using simple methods[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2008,67(2):237-244
2 刘胜利,陈善雄,余飞,等.绿泥石片岩各向异性特性研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3616-3623Liu Shengli,Chen Shanxiong,Yu Fei,et al. Anisotropic properties study of chlorite schist[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3616-3623
3 袁和义,陈平.基于波速测量的龙马溪组页岩的各向异性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(5):1200-1205Yuan Heyi,Chen Ping. Study on longmaxi formation shale anisotropy based on acousticwave velocity measurement[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(5):1200-1205
4 侯振坤,杨春和,郭印同,等.单轴压缩下龙马溪组页岩各向异性特征研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(9):2541-2550Hou Zhenkun,Yang Chunhe,Guo Yintong,et al. Experimental study on anisotropic properties of Longmaxiformationshale under uniaxial compression[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(9):2541-2550
5 高春玉,徐进,李忠洪,等.雪峰山隧道砂板岩各向异性力学特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(5):1360-1364Gao Chunyu,Xu Jin,Li Zhonghong,et al. Experimental study of anisotropically mechanical characteristicsof sandy slate in Xuefeng mountain tunnel[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1360-1364
6 吴永胜,谭忠盛,喻渝,等.川西北茂县群千枚岩各向异性力学特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):207-216Wu Yongsheng,Tan Zhongsheng,Yu Yu,et al. Anisotropically mechanical characteristics of Maoxian group phyllite innorthwest of Sichuan province[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):207-216
7 刘恺德,刘泉声,朱元广,等.考虑层理方向效应煤岩巴西劈裂及单轴压缩试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(2):308-316Liu Kaide,Liu Quansheng,Zhu Yuanguang,et al. Experimental study of coal considering directivity effect of bed ding plane under brazilians plitting and uniaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(2):308-316
8 邓华峰,张小景,张恒宾,等.巴西劈裂法在层状岩体抗拉强度测试中的分析与讨论[J].岩土力学,2016(增刊2):309-315Deng Huafeng,Zhang Xiaojing,Zhang Hengbin,et al. Analysis and discussion on Brazilian tests on layered rock tensile strength[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016(S2):309-315
9 江权,冯夏庭,樊义林,等.柱状节理玄武岩各向异性特性的调查与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2527-2535Jiang Quan,Feng Xiating,Fan Yilin,et al. Survey and laboratory study of anisotropic properties for columnar jointed basaltic rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2527-2535
10 中国水电顾问集团程度勘测设计研究院.水电水利工程岩石试验规程:DL/T 5368—2007[S].北京:科学出版社,2007Sinohydro Consulting Group Level Survey and Design Institute. Rock test procedure for hydro-power engineering:DL/T 5368—2007[S].Beijing:Science Press,2007
11 丁梧秀,姚增,蒋振.岩体工程特性研究中弹性波速参数取值方法探讨[J].岩土力学,2004,25(9):1353-1356Ding Wuxiu,Yao Zeng,Jiang Zhen. Study on methods of how to select reasonably elastic wave velocityparameters of engineering rockmass[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(9):1353-1356
12 Vernik L,Nur A. Ultrasonic velocity and anisotropy of hydrocarbon source rocks[J]. Geophysics,1992,57(5):727-735
13 邓继新,史謌,刘瑞珣,等.泥岩、页岩声速各向异性及其影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):862-868Deng Jixin,Shi Ge,Liu Ruixun,et al. Analysis of the velocity anisotropy and its affection factors in shale and mudstone[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):862-868
14 陈天宇,冯夏庭,张希巍,等.黑色页岩力学特性及各向异性特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1772-1779Chen Tianyu,Feng Xiating,Zhang Xiwei,et al. Experimental study on mechanical and anisotropic properties of black shale[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1772-1779
15 张永泽,刘俊新,冒海军,等.单轴压缩下页岩力学特性的各向异性试验研究[J].金属矿山,2015(12):33-37Zhang Yongze,Liu Junxin,Mao Haijun,et al. Anisotropic experimental study on mechanical properties of shale under uniaxial compression[J]. Metal Mine,2015(12):33-37
16 成都地质学院水文地质及工程地质系点荷载试验研究小组.岩石点荷载试验[M].北京:地质出版社,1979Point Load Test Research Group of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Department,Chengdu University of Geology. Rock point load test[M]. Beijing:Geology Press,1979
17 付志亮,王亮.煤层顶底板岩石点荷载与拉压强度对比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(1):88-96Fu Zhiliang, Wang Liang. Comparativeexperi-mentalresearchonpointload strength,uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength for rock sinroof and floor of coal seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(1):88-96
18 国际岩石力学学会测试方法委员会.测定点荷载强度的建议方法[J].岩石力学,1986(5):79-90Committee on Test Methods of the International Society of Rock Mechanics. Recommended method for determination of point load strength[J]. Rock Mechanics,1986(5):79-90
19 中华人民共和国水利部.工程岩体分级标准:GB/T 50218—1994[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995:10-17Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Engineering rock mass classification standard:GB/T 50218—1994[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,1995:10-17
20 胡庆华.岩石点荷载试验与标准抗压强度的相关关系[J].水利水电技术,1997,28(10):24-26Hu Qinghua. The correlation between rock load test andthe standard compressive strength[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1997,28(10):24-26
21 ISRM. Suggested method for determining point load strength[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1985,22(2):51-60
22 中华人民共和国水利部.工程岩体分级标准:GB/T 50218—2014[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2015Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Engineering rock mass classification standard:GB/T 50218—2014[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2015
23 Bieniawski Z T. The point-load test in geotechnical practice[J].Engineering Geology,1975,9(1):1-11
24 Broch E,Franklin J A. The point-load strength test[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1972,9(6):669-676
25 Forster I R. The influence of core sample geometry on the axial point-load test[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts, 1983, 20(6):291-295
26 Tugrul A,Zarif I H. Correlation of mineralogical and textural characteristics with engineering properties of selected granitic rocks from Turkey[J]. Engineering Geology,1999,51(4):303-317
27 Gunsallus K L,Kulhawy F H. A comparative evaluation of rock strength measures[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts, 1984, 21(5):233-248
28 Cargill J S,Shakoor A. Evaluation of empirical methods for measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1990,27(6):495-503
29 Kahraman S. Evaluation of simple methods for assessing the uniaxial compressive strength of rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(7):981-994
30 Kahraman S,Gunaydin O,Fener M. The effect of porosity on the relation between uniaxial compressive strength and point load index[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2005,42(4):584-589
31 Quane S L,Russell J K. Rock strength as a metric of welding intensity in pyroclastic deposits[J]. European Journal of Mineralogy,2003,15(5):855-864
32 Tsiambaos G,Sabatakakis N. Considerations on strength of intact sedimentary rocks[J]. Engineering Geology,2004,72(3-4):261-273
33 Santi P M. Field methods for characterizing weak rock for engineering[J]. Environmental&Engineering Geoscience,2006,12(1):1-11
34 Diamantis K,Gartzos E,Migiros G. Study on uniaxial compressive strength,point load strength index,dynamic and physical properties of serpentinites from Central Greece:test results and empirical relations[J]. Engineering Geology,2009,108(3-4):199-207
35 Kahraman S. The determination of uniaxial compressive strength from point load strength for pyroclastic rocks[J]. Engineering Geology,2014,170(1):33-42
36 Kilic A,Teymen A. Determination of mechanical properties of rocks using simple methods[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2008,67(2):237-244