全圆旋转射流喷头设计与水力性能试验
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摘要
为了提高农业节水灌溉效率,提出了一种全圆旋转射流喷头。确定了喷头的CFD数值模拟方法,选取深宽比、位差比、劈距比、侧壁倾角作为试验因素,以射流附壁切换频率和流量振幅为指标,通过正交试验得到了喷头内流道的优化结构。通过高速摄影技术对喷头的射流附壁切换频率进行测定,同时监测喷头的进口流量,结果表明,模拟所得的流量压力关系与试验结果基本一致,相对误差范围为2. 1%～4. 0%,射流附壁切换频率随进口压力的变化趋势基本相同,相对误差范围为7. 7%～22. 2%。当进口压力为0. 15、0. 20、0. 25 MPa时,分别研究了PY210A型摇臂式喷头和射流喷头的水力性能,其中射流喷头的流量较小(1. 19～1. 53 m3/h)、射程较远(13. 0～15. 7 m)、平均喷灌强度较小(2. 85～3. 63 mm/h),转动周期较短(81～105 s),摇臂式喷头的喷洒水量呈"马鞍形"分布,射程近处和远处的喷洒水量相对较大,射流喷头的喷洒水量呈"三角形"分布,喷洒水量随射程增加而减小。
In order to improve the efficiency of water-saving irrigation in agriculture,the round rotatory jet sprinkler was proposed. The CFD numerical simulation method of the sprinkler was determined.Depth-to-width ratio( k/w),potential difference ratio,split distance ratio and side wall angel were selected as the experimental factors,and frequency of wall-attached switching and flow amplitude were taken as the indexes. The optimum structure of internal channel of sprinkler was obtained by orthogonal test. By means of high-speed photography technology,the frequency of wall-attached switching of jet was measured,and the inlet flow rate of sprinkler was monitored. The results showed that the simulated flowpressure relation was basically consistent with the experimental results. The relative error range was from~2. 1% to 4. 0%,and the variation trend of the frequency of wall-attached switching of jet with the inlet pressure was basically the same,and the relative error range was from 7. 7% to 22. 2%. When the inlet pressure was 0. 15 MPa,0. 20 MPa and 0. 25 MPa,the hydraulic properties of PY210 A impact sprinkler and jet sprinkler were studied, respectively. The flow rate of jet sprinkler was small( 1. 19 ～1. 53 m3/h),and the range was long( 13. 0 ～ 15. 7 m),the sprinkler irrigation intensity was small( 2. 85 ～ 3. 63 mm/h),and the rotation period was short( 81 ～ 105 s). The precipitation of impact sprinkler was "saddle",the precipitation near and far away was relatively large,the precipitation of jet sprinkler was "triangle",and the precipitation was decreased with the increase of range. The research provided a reference for the structure design and hydraulic performance optimization of the round rotatory jet sprinkler.
In order to improve the efficiency of water-saving irrigation in agriculture,the round rotatory jet sprinkler was proposed. The CFD numerical simulation method of the sprinkler was determined.Depth-to-width ratio( k/w),potential difference ratio,split distance ratio and side wall angel were selected as the experimental factors,and frequency of wall-attached switching and flow amplitude were taken as the indexes. The optimum structure of internal channel of sprinkler was obtained by orthogonal test. By means of high-speed photography technology,the frequency of wall-attached switching of jet was measured,and the inlet flow rate of sprinkler was monitored. The results showed that the simulated flowpressure relation was basically consistent with the experimental results. The relative error range was from~2. 1% to 4. 0%,and the variation trend of the frequency of wall-attached switching of jet with the inlet pressure was basically the same,and the relative error range was from 7. 7% to 22. 2%. When the inlet pressure was 0. 15 MPa,0. 20 MPa and 0. 25 MPa,the hydraulic properties of PY210 A impact sprinkler and jet sprinkler were studied, respectively. The flow rate of jet sprinkler was small( 1. 19 ～1. 53 m3/h),and the range was long( 13. 0 ～ 15. 7 m),the sprinkler irrigation intensity was small( 2. 85 ～ 3. 63 mm/h),and the rotation period was short( 81 ～ 105 s). The precipitation of impact sprinkler was "saddle",the precipitation near and far away was relatively large,the precipitation of jet sprinkler was "triangle",and the precipitation was decreased with the increase of range. The research provided a reference for the structure design and hydraulic performance optimization of the round rotatory jet sprinkler.
引文
[1]徐文静,王翔翔,施六林,等.中国节水灌溉技术现状与发展趋势研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(11):184-187.XU Wenjing,WANG Xiangxiang,SHI Liulin,et al.Current condition and developing tendency of water-saving irrigation technology in China[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(11):184-187.(in Chinese)
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[3]国家发展和改革委员会、水利部、建设部.水利改革发展“十三五”规划[R].光明日报,2016-12-24(2).
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[6]徐胜荣,王新坤,肖思强,等.双喷嘴射流喷头数值模拟和射程试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(10):981-985.XU Shengrong,WANG Xinkun,XIAO Siqiang,et al.Numerical simulation and experimental study on double-nozzle jet sprinkler[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2018,36(10):981-985.(in Chinese)
[7]李星恕,张建宾,韩文霆.仰角可调摇臂式喷头水力性能试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):34-39.LI Xingsu,ZHANG Jianbin,HAN Wenting.Experiments on hydraulic performance of impact sprinkler with adjustable elevation angel[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):34-39.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150206&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.02.006.(in Chinese)
[8]汤跃,赵进,陈超.基于ADAMS的垂直摇臂式喷头多体动力学建模与优化[J].农机化研究,2016,38(9):28-32.TANG Yue,ZHAO Jin,CHEN Chao.Dynamic simulation and optimization of vertical impact drive sprinkler by considering friction coefficient[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(9):28-32.(in Chinese)
[9]汤攀,李红,陈超,等.考虑工作压力的垂直摇臂式喷头可调结构参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(20):99-105.TANG Pan,LI Hong,CHEN Chao,et al.Optimization and experiment of adjustable structural parameters for vertical impact sprinkler with working pressure[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(20):99-105.(in Chinese)
[10]李扬帆.多因素下全射流喷头射程计算模型及试验[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(8):685-689.LI Yangfan.Theoretical model and experiment on fluidic sprinkler wet radius under multi-factor[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2018,36(8):685-689.(in Chinese)
[11]朱兴业,袁寿其,李红.全射流喷头与摇臂式喷头的对比试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(2):70-73.ZHU Xingye,YUAN Shouqi,LI Hong.Compared experiments between complete fluidic and impact sprinkler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(2):70-73.(in Chinese)
[12]刘俊萍.喷灌系统变量喷洒理论与试验研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2012.LIU Junping.Theoretical and experimental study on variable spraying in sprinkler irrigation system[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2012.(in Chinese)
[13]王新坤.一种双喷嘴射流喷头及喷洒方法:CN105944856A[P].2016-09-21.
[14]沈艳宁,袁寿其.复合叶轮离心泵数值模拟正交试验设计方法[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(9):22-26.SHEN Yanning,YUAN Shouqi.Orthogonal test design method based on numerical simulation for non-overload centrifugal pump with complex impeller[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(9):22-26.(in Chinese)
[15]陈达亮,王东.基于正交试验法的离合器动力学模型优化[J].机械工程与自动化,2018(4):160-162.CHEN Daliang,WANG Dong.Clutch dynamic model optimization based on orthogonal experiment method[J].Mechanical Engineering&Automation,2018(4):160-162.(in Chinese)
[16]高世凯.射流振荡三通与滴灌毛管脉冲特性研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2013.GAO Shikai.Study on jet-oscillation tee and pulsed performance of drip irrigation laterals[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2013.(in Chinese)
[17]HENRI C.Device for deflecting a stream of elastic fluid projected into an elastic fluid:US 2052869A[P].1936-09-01.
[18]汤攀,李红.比例施肥泵驱动活塞受力分析及内部流动模拟与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):93-98.TANG Pan,LI Hong.Force analysis of drive piston and simulation and experiment of internal flow for proportional fertilizer pump[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(23):93-98.(in Chinese)
[19]曹卫东,刘光辉,刘冰.两级离心泵径向导叶水力优化[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014,32(32):663-668.CAO Weidong,LIU Guanghui,LIU Bing.Hydraulic optimization of radical guide vanes in two-stage centrifugal pump[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2014,32(32):663-668.(in Chinese)
[20]蒋定生.摇臂式喷头设计原理[M].北京:水利出版社,1981:39-76.
[21]GB/T 7867-1997旋转式喷头[S].1997.
[2]方子云,包放.世界水资源的进展与展望[J].水资源研究,2008,29(3):21-23.FANG Ziyun,BAO Fang.Technology status and future development focus of spray and micro irrigation[J].Journal of Water Resources Research,2008,29(3):21-23.(in Chinese)
[3]国家发展和改革委员会、水利部、建设部.水利改革发展“十三五”规划[R].光明日报,2016-12-24(2).
[4]李英能.对我国喷灌技术发展若干问题的探讨[J].节水灌溉,2000(1):1-3.LI Yingneng.A discussion on several problems of sprinkler irrigation technique development in China[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2000(1):1-3.(in Chinese)
[5]施少培,谢崇宝,高虹,等.喷灌技术发展历程及设备存在问题的探讨[J].节水灌溉,2013(11):78-81.SHI Shaopei,XIE Chongbao,GAO Hong,et al.Sprinkler irrigation technology development and existing equipment problems[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2013(11):78-81.(in Chinese)
[6]徐胜荣,王新坤,肖思强,等.双喷嘴射流喷头数值模拟和射程试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(10):981-985.XU Shengrong,WANG Xinkun,XIAO Siqiang,et al.Numerical simulation and experimental study on double-nozzle jet sprinkler[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2018,36(10):981-985.(in Chinese)
[7]李星恕,张建宾,韩文霆.仰角可调摇臂式喷头水力性能试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):34-39.LI Xingsu,ZHANG Jianbin,HAN Wenting.Experiments on hydraulic performance of impact sprinkler with adjustable elevation angel[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):34-39.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150206&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.02.006.(in Chinese)
[8]汤跃,赵进,陈超.基于ADAMS的垂直摇臂式喷头多体动力学建模与优化[J].农机化研究,2016,38(9):28-32.TANG Yue,ZHAO Jin,CHEN Chao.Dynamic simulation and optimization of vertical impact drive sprinkler by considering friction coefficient[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(9):28-32.(in Chinese)
[9]汤攀,李红,陈超,等.考虑工作压力的垂直摇臂式喷头可调结构参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(20):99-105.TANG Pan,LI Hong,CHEN Chao,et al.Optimization and experiment of adjustable structural parameters for vertical impact sprinkler with working pressure[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(20):99-105.(in Chinese)
[10]李扬帆.多因素下全射流喷头射程计算模型及试验[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(8):685-689.LI Yangfan.Theoretical model and experiment on fluidic sprinkler wet radius under multi-factor[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2018,36(8):685-689.(in Chinese)
[11]朱兴业,袁寿其,李红.全射流喷头与摇臂式喷头的对比试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(2):70-73.ZHU Xingye,YUAN Shouqi,LI Hong.Compared experiments between complete fluidic and impact sprinkler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(2):70-73.(in Chinese)
[12]刘俊萍.喷灌系统变量喷洒理论与试验研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2012.LIU Junping.Theoretical and experimental study on variable spraying in sprinkler irrigation system[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2012.(in Chinese)
[13]王新坤.一种双喷嘴射流喷头及喷洒方法:CN105944856A[P].2016-09-21.
[14]沈艳宁,袁寿其.复合叶轮离心泵数值模拟正交试验设计方法[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(9):22-26.SHEN Yanning,YUAN Shouqi.Orthogonal test design method based on numerical simulation for non-overload centrifugal pump with complex impeller[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(9):22-26.(in Chinese)
[15]陈达亮,王东.基于正交试验法的离合器动力学模型优化[J].机械工程与自动化,2018(4):160-162.CHEN Daliang,WANG Dong.Clutch dynamic model optimization based on orthogonal experiment method[J].Mechanical Engineering&Automation,2018(4):160-162.(in Chinese)
[16]高世凯.射流振荡三通与滴灌毛管脉冲特性研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2013.GAO Shikai.Study on jet-oscillation tee and pulsed performance of drip irrigation laterals[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2013.(in Chinese)
[17]HENRI C.Device for deflecting a stream of elastic fluid projected into an elastic fluid:US 2052869A[P].1936-09-01.
[18]汤攀,李红.比例施肥泵驱动活塞受力分析及内部流动模拟与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):93-98.TANG Pan,LI Hong.Force analysis of drive piston and simulation and experiment of internal flow for proportional fertilizer pump[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(23):93-98.(in Chinese)
[19]曹卫东,刘光辉,刘冰.两级离心泵径向导叶水力优化[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014,32(32):663-668.CAO Weidong,LIU Guanghui,LIU Bing.Hydraulic optimization of radical guide vanes in two-stage centrifugal pump[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2014,32(32):663-668.(in Chinese)
[20]蒋定生.摇臂式喷头设计原理[M].北京:水利出版社,1981:39-76.
[21]GB/T 7867-1997旋转式喷头[S].1997.
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