成都市某医学院大学生艾滋病风险意识和应对能力调查及干预效果评估
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摘要
目的了解高校大学生对艾滋病的认知、风险意识、应对能力,并实施干预措施,评估干预效果,为高校开展艾滋病防控提供科学依据。方法以成都市某医学高校一至三年级随机抽取的12个班级为研究对象,开展以专题讲座为主要方式的健康教育,干预前后进行学生自填式纸质基线调查和终末调查,评估干预效果。结果被调查的500余名学生,艾滋病总知晓率由84.2%提升到97.9%。艾滋病风险意识水平较基线有了显著提升。其中对"性病会增加感染风险"、"发生高危行为后需及时检测"的风险意识的提升率最为明显,分别由干预前的59.10%和11.40%增加至96.57%和56.78%。认为"自己不可能感染艾滋病"的人数由干预前的56.20%减至48.89%。同时艾滋病风险应对能力较基线有了较大提升。"安全套的正确佩戴时间"的知晓率从基线调查的57.03%提升到92.28%。安全套的佩戴方法的知晓率提升也尤为明显,从干预前的38.97%提升到89.28%。结论实施的干预措施可有效提高成都高校大学生艾滋病知晓水平、风险意识及应对能力。因此,针对大学生应开展长期系统的、将艾滋病理论教育与行为教育相结合的艾滋病防治相关知识的教育,以达到在大学生群体中预防艾滋病的目的。
[Objective]To know the awareness of AIDS related knowledge,risk awareness and coping ability towards AIDS risk among college students,implement intervention measures,evaluate the effect of intervention,and provide scientific basis for AIDS prevention and control in universities.[Methods]A survey was undertaken among students from 12 classes in grade 1-3, randomly selected in a medical college of Chengdu City,and the health education was performed by the means of special lectures. The selfadministered paper baseline survey and final survey were performed among students before and after the intervention,to evaluate the effect of intervention.[Results]The total awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among 500 students increased from 84.2% to97.9%. The risk awareness level of AIDS incr eased significantly compared with the baseline. The risk awareness of " sexually transmitted diseases will increase the risk of infection" and "detection in time after high-risk behavior occurs" increased significantly,59.10% and 11.4 0 %( before intervention) to 96.57% and 56.78%(after intervention) respectively. The number of students who believed that they could not infect AIDS dropped from 56.20%(before intervention) t o 48.89%(after intervention). At the same time,compared with the baseline, the coping ability towards AIDS risk had been greatly improved.The awareness rate of "correct wearing time of condoms" increased from 57.03% to 92.28%. The awareness rate of condom wearing methods was also increased dramatically,from 38.97%(before intervention) to 89.28%(after intervention).[Conclusion] The intervention measures can effectively improve the awareness level,risk awareness and coping ability of university students in Chengdu City. Therefore,it is necessary to carry out a long-term systematic education of AIDS prevention and control related to the combination of AIDS theory education and behavioral education among college students,to achieve the purpose of preventing AIDS in this population.
[Objective]To know the awareness of AIDS related knowledge,risk awareness and coping ability towards AIDS risk among college students,implement intervention measures,evaluate the effect of intervention,and provide scientific basis for AIDS prevention and control in universities.[Methods]A survey was undertaken among students from 12 classes in grade 1-3, randomly selected in a medical college of Chengdu City,and the health education was performed by the means of special lectures. The selfadministered paper baseline survey and final survey were performed among students before and after the intervention,to evaluate the effect of intervention.[Results]The total awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among 500 students increased from 84.2% to97.9%. The risk awareness level of AIDS incr eased significantly compared with the baseline. The risk awareness of " sexually transmitted diseases will increase the risk of infection" and "detection in time after high-risk behavior occurs" increased significantly,59.10% and 11.4 0 %( before intervention) to 96.57% and 56.78%(after intervention) respectively. The number of students who believed that they could not infect AIDS dropped from 56.20%(before intervention) t o 48.89%(after intervention). At the same time,compared with the baseline, the coping ability towards AIDS risk had been greatly improved.The awareness rate of "correct wearing time of condoms" increased from 57.03% to 92.28%. The awareness rate of condom wearing methods was also increased dramatically,from 38.97%(before intervention) to 89.28%(after intervention).[Conclusion] The intervention measures can effectively improve the awareness level,risk awareness and coping ability of university students in Chengdu City. Therefore,it is necessary to carry out a long-term systematic education of AIDS prevention and control related to the combination of AIDS theory education and behavioral education among college students,to achieve the purpose of preventing AIDS in this population.
引文
[1]中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心.2017年12月全国艾滋病性病疫情[J].中国艾滋病性病,2018,24(2):1.
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[5]伍迎春,周振宇.某高校防艾宣传教育下大学生对艾滋病认知程度的调查分析[J].中国社区医师,2017,33(8):155-156.
[6]柴斌,银万栋,王龙云.西部某高校学生艾滋病知识知晓情况和性行为情况的调查分析[J].卫生职业教育,2017,35(2):135-136.
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[8]李琳,任美橙,吕欣桐,等.大学生艾滋病认知及相关行为调查[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(4):1-2.
[9]李艳,林鹏,聂少萍,等.广东省在校高中生及大学生艾滋病知识的知晓情况及其影响因素分析[J].华南预防医学,2009,35(3):13-16.
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[11]刘芳,施雅莹,段振华,等.成都市大学生艾滋病风险识别和应对能力调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(4):312-317.
[12]陈武军.艾滋病高发区某综合性大学大学生艾滋病知、信、行现状及影响因素分析[D].郑州:河南大学,2011:4-5.
[13]张科,韩磊,陶小润,等. MSM“知行分离”现象成因初探[J].中国艾滋病性病,2015,21(5):404-408.
[14]国务院办公厅关于印发中国遏制与防治艾滋病“十二五”行动计划的通知[J].首都公共卫生,2012,6(3):97-102.
[15]杨书,朱彦锋,王升力,等.成都某医学院大学生艾滋病相关知识态度和行为情况调查[J].中国艾滋病性病,2017,23(7):634-636.
[16]朱宁,程建平,王琪,等.大学生艾滋病歧视现状及其原因分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,15(1):58-61.
[17]王晓冰,吴玉琼,杨小英.地方高校艾滋病健康教育面临的问题及对策研究[J].中国校医,2017,31(4):262-263.
[18]王升力,余小平,广章,等.成都3所高校低年级大学生艾滋病知识干预效果评价[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(12):1230-1233.
[19]陈琳.合肥市女性流动青少年性病艾滋病高危行为社会网络干预研究[D].合肥:安徽医科大学,2009:17-18.
[20]吴国富,何飞鸣,衡时雨.244名高校男男性行为学生艾滋病知识和高危行为干预效果评价[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2011,17(2):86-88.
[21]严瑾,褚委丽,林菲菲,等.上海市闵行区暗娼与普通妇女艾滋病相关知识、行为特征的比较研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2013,28(24):4010-4013.
[22]石朝凯.2010—2012年昆明市某高校大学生艾滋病相关危险行为及影响因素研究[D].昆明:昆明医科大学,2013:41-45.
[2]马玉忠,崔巍.邯郸市高校大学生艾滋病行为干预效果评价[J].中国药物与临床,2016,16(11):1582-1584.
[3]贺亚玲,石晓蓉,花海英.同伴教育在高校艾滋病防控工作中存在的问题[J].中国校医,2016,30(5):335.
[4]刘侠,周卫凤.某高校大学生艾滋病预防知识健康教育干预效果评价[J].中国学校卫生,2009,30(6):497-498.
[5]伍迎春,周振宇.某高校防艾宣传教育下大学生对艾滋病认知程度的调查分析[J].中国社区医师,2017,33(8):155-156.
[6]柴斌,银万栋,王龙云.西部某高校学生艾滋病知识知晓情况和性行为情况的调查分析[J].卫生职业教育,2017,35(2):135-136.
[7]黄亚阳,马迎华,周佳,等.我国15省市大学生艾滋病综合防治知识知晓情况调查[J].保健医学研究与实践,2016,13(4):14-17.
[8]李琳,任美橙,吕欣桐,等.大学生艾滋病认知及相关行为调查[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(4):1-2.
[9]李艳,林鹏,聂少萍,等.广东省在校高中生及大学生艾滋病知识的知晓情况及其影响因素分析[J].华南预防医学,2009,35(3):13-16.
[10]王点,叶运莉,熊伟.泸州市大学生艾滋病相关知识认知情况调查[J].中国性科学,2013,22(1):69-72.
[11]刘芳,施雅莹,段振华,等.成都市大学生艾滋病风险识别和应对能力调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(4):312-317.
[12]陈武军.艾滋病高发区某综合性大学大学生艾滋病知、信、行现状及影响因素分析[D].郑州:河南大学,2011:4-5.
[13]张科,韩磊,陶小润,等. MSM“知行分离”现象成因初探[J].中国艾滋病性病,2015,21(5):404-408.
[14]国务院办公厅关于印发中国遏制与防治艾滋病“十二五”行动计划的通知[J].首都公共卫生,2012,6(3):97-102.
[15]杨书,朱彦锋,王升力,等.成都某医学院大学生艾滋病相关知识态度和行为情况调查[J].中国艾滋病性病,2017,23(7):634-636.
[16]朱宁,程建平,王琪,等.大学生艾滋病歧视现状及其原因分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,15(1):58-61.
[17]王晓冰,吴玉琼,杨小英.地方高校艾滋病健康教育面临的问题及对策研究[J].中国校医,2017,31(4):262-263.
[18]王升力,余小平,广章,等.成都3所高校低年级大学生艾滋病知识干预效果评价[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(12):1230-1233.
[19]陈琳.合肥市女性流动青少年性病艾滋病高危行为社会网络干预研究[D].合肥:安徽医科大学,2009:17-18.
[20]吴国富,何飞鸣,衡时雨.244名高校男男性行为学生艾滋病知识和高危行为干预效果评价[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2011,17(2):86-88.
[21]严瑾,褚委丽,林菲菲,等.上海市闵行区暗娼与普通妇女艾滋病相关知识、行为特征的比较研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2013,28(24):4010-4013.
[22]石朝凯.2010—2012年昆明市某高校大学生艾滋病相关危险行为及影响因素研究[D].昆明:昆明医科大学,2013:41-45.
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