条带煤柱渐进破坏特征与机制试验研究
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摘要
为研究条带煤柱渐进破坏规律与特征,研制了条带煤柱渐进破坏试验装置,并运用该装置进行了不同加载速率下大尺寸原煤试件渐进破坏试验,分析了条带煤柱渐进破坏机制及特征。试验结果表明:条带煤柱由边缘向内部渐进破坏,煤柱边缘中部偏上位置首先发生破坏,然后向边缘两侧发展;煤柱中上部侧向变形最大,最下部次之;煤柱试件尺寸较大,包含较为明显裂隙组,呈现出不均匀片帮式破坏;煤柱抗压强度随加载速率的减小呈现出先增大后减小趋势、侧向变形随加载速率的减小呈现逐渐增大的趋势。在加载速率由0.01 mm/s减小至0.000 5 mm/s过程中,抗压强度从8.346 MPa先增大到16.491 MPa,后逐步减小到8.135 MPa;侧向变形增大了33.40%。
In order to study the progressive failure mechanism and characteristics of strip coal pillar, a test system for coal pillar progressive destruction was developed. Different loading-rate tests on simulation pillar coal specimen were conducted. Test results show that the destruction of strip coal pillar occurs gradually from the edge to the internal. First, the destruction occurs at the edge of middle upper position, then develops in both sides of the edge. The middle-upper coal pillar has maximum lateral deformation without lateral restraint, while the bottom lower. Due to the obvious fracture group, the failures of strip coal specimens show uneven spalling destruction. With the decrease in loading rate, the compressive strength firstly increases before a decrease. Meanwhile, the lateral deformation gradually increases with the loading rate. When the loading rate changes from 0.01 mm/s to 0.000 5 mm/s, the compressive strength increases from 8.346 MPa to 16.419 MPa, after which, decreases to 8.135 MPa. At the same time, the lateral deformation gradually increases by 33.40%.
In order to study the progressive failure mechanism and characteristics of strip coal pillar, a test system for coal pillar progressive destruction was developed. Different loading-rate tests on simulation pillar coal specimen were conducted. Test results show that the destruction of strip coal pillar occurs gradually from the edge to the internal. First, the destruction occurs at the edge of middle upper position, then develops in both sides of the edge. The middle-upper coal pillar has maximum lateral deformation without lateral restraint, while the bottom lower. Due to the obvious fracture group, the failures of strip coal specimens show uneven spalling destruction. With the decrease in loading rate, the compressive strength firstly increases before a decrease. Meanwhile, the lateral deformation gradually increases with the loading rate. When the loading rate changes from 0.01 mm/s to 0.000 5 mm/s, the compressive strength increases from 8.346 MPa to 16.419 MPa, after which, decreases to 8.135 MPa. At the same time, the lateral deformation gradually increases by 33.40%.
引文
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[14]郭惟嘉,江宁,王海龙,等.膏体置换煤柱充填体承载特性及工作面支护强度研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):585-591.GUO Weijia,JIANG Ning,WANG Hailong,et al.Bearing characteristics of filling body and supporting intensity of working face during coal pillar mined with paste backfill[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):585-591.
[15]郭惟嘉,王海龙,刘增平.深井宽条带开采煤柱稳定性及地表移动特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):369-375.GUO Weijia,WANG Hailong,LIU Zengping.Coal pillar stability and surface movement characteristics of deep wide strip pillar mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):369-375.
[16]戴华阳,廖孟光,田秀国.建筑物下压煤条带煤柱巷柱式加固技术及应用[J].金属矿山,2017(10):99-104.DAI Huayang,LIAO Mengguang,TIAN Xiuguo.Study on coal pillar reinforcement methods and application of strip mining under the buildings[J].Metal Mine,2017(10):99-104.
[17]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:31-32.
[18]刘宝琛,张家生,杜奇中,等.岩石抗压强度的尺寸效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):611-614.LIU Baochen,ZHANG Jiasheng,DU Qizhong,et al.Astudy of size effect for compression strength of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):611-614.
[19]王青元,朱万成,刘洪磊,等.单轴压缩下绿砂岩长期强度的尺寸效应研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):981-990.WANG Qiangyuan,ZHU Wancheng,LIU Honglei,et al.Size effect of long-term strength of sandstone under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(4):981-990.
[20]吴琼.复杂节理岩体力学参数尺寸效应及工程应用研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2012.
[21]朱万成,张敏思,张洪训,等.节理岩体表征单元体尺寸确定的数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(6):1121-1127.ZHU Wancheng,ZHANG Minsi,ZHANG Hongxun,et al.Numerical simu-lation for determining the size of representative element volume(REV)of jointed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(6):1121-1127.
[22]陈绍杰,郭惟嘉,程国强,等.深部条带煤柱蠕变支撑效应研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):48-53.CHEN Shaojie,GUO Weijia,CHENG Guoqiang,et al.Research on creep supporting effect of deep strip pillar[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):48-53.
[23]陈绍杰,尹大伟,张保良,等.顶板-煤柱结构体力学特性及其渐进破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(7):1588-1598.CHEN Shaojie,YIN Dawei,ZHANG Baoliang,et al.Study on mechanical characteristics and progressive failure mechanism of roof-coal pillar structure body[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(7):1588-1598.
[24]陈绍杰,王怀远,朱彦,等.深井煤体横向变形监测方法与阶跃变形特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增刊2):4121-4128.CHEN Shaojie,WANG Huaiyuan,ZHU Yan,et al.Monitoring method for coal-mass lateral deformation in deep mining and characteristics of step deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Sup 2):4121-4128.
[25]李彦伟,姜耀东,杨英明,等.煤单轴抗压强度特性的加载速率效应研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):754-760.LI Yanwei,JIANG Yaodong,YANG Yingming,et al.Research on loading rate effect of uniaxial compressive strength of coal[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):754-760.
[26]曹文贵,张超,贺敏,等.基于微观力学特性的脆性岩石变形过程模拟[J].岩土力学,2016,37(10):2753-2760.CAO Wengui,ZHANG Chao,HE Min,et al.Deformation simulation of brittle rock based on micromechanical properties[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(10):2753-2760.
[2]CHEN S J,WANG H L,WANG H Y,et al.Strip coal pillar design based on predicted surface subsidence in Eastern China[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(9):3829-3838.
[3]戴华阳,郭俊廷,阎跃观,等.“采-充-留”协调开采技术原理与应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1602-1610.DAI Huayang,GUO Junting,YAN Yueguan,et al.Principle and application of subsidence control technology of mining coordinately mixed with backfilling and keeping[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1602-1610.
[4]缪协兴,巨峰,黄艳丽,等.充填采煤理论与技术的新进展及展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(3):391-399,429.MIAO Xiexing,JU Feng,HUANG Yanli,et al.New development and prospect of backfilling mining theory and technology[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(3):391-399,429.
[5]MEDHURST T P,BROWN E T.A study of the mechanical behaviour of coal for pillar design[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(8):1087-1105.
[6]VAN DER MERWE J N.Predicting coal pillar life in South Africa[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2003,3(5):293-301.
[7]谭毅,郭文兵,赵雁海.条带式Wongawilli开采煤柱系统突变失稳机理及工程稳定性研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(7):1667-1674.TAN Yi,GUO Wenbing,ZHAO Yanhai.Engineering stability and instability mechanism of strip Wongawilli coal pillar system based on cata-strophic theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(7):1667-1674.
[8]宋义敏,杨小彬.煤柱失稳破坏的变形场及能量演化试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(6):822-827.SONG Yimin,YANG Xiaobin.Evolution characteristics of deformation and energy fields during coal pillar instability[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(6):822-827.
[9]王胜军,裴道奇,董仁浩,等.水浸条件下煤柱稳定性分析方法[J].煤炭科技,2014(4):74-76.WANG Shengjun,PEI Daoqi,DONG Renhao,et al.Stability analysis method of coal pillar under water immersion condition[J].Coal Science&Technology Magazine,2014(4):74-76.
[10]蒋忠,赵志刚,李瑞瑞,等.条带开采煤柱稳定性数值模拟研究[J].煤炭技术,2015,34(6):23-26.JIANG Zhong,ZHAO Zhigang,LI Ruirui,et al.Numerical simulation research on coal pillar’s stability in strip-partial mining[J].Coal Technology,2015,34(6):23-26.
[11]何耀宇,宋选民,赵金昌.复杂受压条件下不同尺寸煤柱破坏倾向性研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(4):592-596.HE Yaoyu,SONG Xuanmin,ZHAO Jinchang.A study on damage proneness of coal pillars of different sizes under complicated compression conditions[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(4):592-596.
[12]邹友峰,柴华彬.我国条带煤柱稳定性研究现状及存在问题[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(2):141-145,150.ZOU Youfeng,CHAI Huabin.Research status of strip coal pillar stability and its main problems in China[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(2):141-145,150.
[13]CHEN S J,GUO W J,ZHOU H,et al.Field investigation of long-term bearing capacity of strip coal pillars[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2014,70(9):109-114.
[14]郭惟嘉,江宁,王海龙,等.膏体置换煤柱充填体承载特性及工作面支护强度研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):585-591.GUO Weijia,JIANG Ning,WANG Hailong,et al.Bearing characteristics of filling body and supporting intensity of working face during coal pillar mined with paste backfill[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):585-591.
[15]郭惟嘉,王海龙,刘增平.深井宽条带开采煤柱稳定性及地表移动特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):369-375.GUO Weijia,WANG Hailong,LIU Zengping.Coal pillar stability and surface movement characteristics of deep wide strip pillar mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):369-375.
[16]戴华阳,廖孟光,田秀国.建筑物下压煤条带煤柱巷柱式加固技术及应用[J].金属矿山,2017(10):99-104.DAI Huayang,LIAO Mengguang,TIAN Xiuguo.Study on coal pillar reinforcement methods and application of strip mining under the buildings[J].Metal Mine,2017(10):99-104.
[17]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:31-32.
[18]刘宝琛,张家生,杜奇中,等.岩石抗压强度的尺寸效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):611-614.LIU Baochen,ZHANG Jiasheng,DU Qizhong,et al.Astudy of size effect for compression strength of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):611-614.
[19]王青元,朱万成,刘洪磊,等.单轴压缩下绿砂岩长期强度的尺寸效应研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):981-990.WANG Qiangyuan,ZHU Wancheng,LIU Honglei,et al.Size effect of long-term strength of sandstone under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(4):981-990.
[20]吴琼.复杂节理岩体力学参数尺寸效应及工程应用研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2012.
[21]朱万成,张敏思,张洪训,等.节理岩体表征单元体尺寸确定的数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(6):1121-1127.ZHU Wancheng,ZHANG Minsi,ZHANG Hongxun,et al.Numerical simu-lation for determining the size of representative element volume(REV)of jointed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(6):1121-1127.
[22]陈绍杰,郭惟嘉,程国强,等.深部条带煤柱蠕变支撑效应研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):48-53.CHEN Shaojie,GUO Weijia,CHENG Guoqiang,et al.Research on creep supporting effect of deep strip pillar[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):48-53.
[23]陈绍杰,尹大伟,张保良,等.顶板-煤柱结构体力学特性及其渐进破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(7):1588-1598.CHEN Shaojie,YIN Dawei,ZHANG Baoliang,et al.Study on mechanical characteristics and progressive failure mechanism of roof-coal pillar structure body[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(7):1588-1598.
[24]陈绍杰,王怀远,朱彦,等.深井煤体横向变形监测方法与阶跃变形特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增刊2):4121-4128.CHEN Shaojie,WANG Huaiyuan,ZHU Yan,et al.Monitoring method for coal-mass lateral deformation in deep mining and characteristics of step deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Sup 2):4121-4128.
[25]李彦伟,姜耀东,杨英明,等.煤单轴抗压强度特性的加载速率效应研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):754-760.LI Yanwei,JIANG Yaodong,YANG Yingming,et al.Research on loading rate effect of uniaxial compressive strength of coal[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):754-760.
[26]曹文贵,张超,贺敏,等.基于微观力学特性的脆性岩石变形过程模拟[J].岩土力学,2016,37(10):2753-2760.CAO Wengui,ZHANG Chao,HE Min,et al.Deformation simulation of brittle rock based on micromechanical properties[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(10):2753-2760.
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