地壳深熔条件下的转熔矿物研究进展
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摘要
地壳深熔作用有两种形式,即流体相缺乏的脱水熔融和流体相存在的加水熔融。由于地壳岩石中水含量的差异(岩石中含水矿物的丰度和外来水的加入量),岩石发生不同形式的部分熔融所需要的温度和压力条件有很大差异。转熔矿物是岩石发生不一致熔融的产物,在形成过程中携带了地壳深熔源区物质和熔体的大量信息,是追溯高温变质岩石经历深熔作用的最可靠依据。它们与高级变质岩中残留的变质矿物和岩浆或熔体中结晶的岩浆矿物具有明显不同的来源,分别代表了岩石曾经历的不同演化历史。通过对不同成因的矿物进行矿物结构、包裹体、主量元素、微量元素和同位素以及共生矿物组合等多方面的综合考察,可以有效识别出高级变质岩中的转熔矿物、变质残余矿物和岩浆矿物。准确识别高温-超高温变质岩以及花岗岩中不同成因的矿物相,是研究高温变质作用的前提条件,对研究混合岩和S型花岗岩的成因都起着非常重要的作用。
There are two types of crustal anatexis,including the water-absent dehydration melting and water-fluxed hydration melting. The melting conditions( pressure and temperature) are considerably different due to the difference of water contents,including the free water injected from outside and molecular water released from hydrous minerals in crustal rocks. Peritectic minerals are products of incongruent melting of rocks,which brings abundant information on the source materials and melt compositions for crustal anataxis. Thus they can be used to trace reliably the high-temperature metamorphism and anatexis. Obviously,the origins of these peritectic minerals are much different from those of residual metamorphic minerals and magmatic minerals,due to their different evolution histories. On the basis of comprehensive studies including careful petrographic observations of the mineral textures and structures,mineral or melt inclusions,paragenetic mineral assemblages,and geochemical studies of major and trace elements,as well as radiogenic and stable isotopes for the target minerals,different origins of minerals in the high grade metamorphic rocks could be effectively identified and distinguished. Thus,to accurately identify mineral facies of different genesis in high-temperature and ultrahigh temperature metamorphic rocks and related granites is a precondition for studying the high temperature metamorphism,and could provide unique clues on the origins of migmatites and S-type granites.
There are two types of crustal anatexis,including the water-absent dehydration melting and water-fluxed hydration melting. The melting conditions( pressure and temperature) are considerably different due to the difference of water contents,including the free water injected from outside and molecular water released from hydrous minerals in crustal rocks. Peritectic minerals are products of incongruent melting of rocks,which brings abundant information on the source materials and melt compositions for crustal anataxis. Thus they can be used to trace reliably the high-temperature metamorphism and anatexis. Obviously,the origins of these peritectic minerals are much different from those of residual metamorphic minerals and magmatic minerals,due to their different evolution histories. On the basis of comprehensive studies including careful petrographic observations of the mineral textures and structures,mineral or melt inclusions,paragenetic mineral assemblages,and geochemical studies of major and trace elements,as well as radiogenic and stable isotopes for the target minerals,different origins of minerals in the high grade metamorphic rocks could be effectively identified and distinguished. Thus,to accurately identify mineral facies of different genesis in high-temperature and ultrahigh temperature metamorphic rocks and related granites is a precondition for studying the high temperature metamorphism,and could provide unique clues on the origins of migmatites and S-type granites.
引文
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