大红山铜矿矿石损失率及贫化率优化实践
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摘要
损失率、贫化率是评价矿山生产技术及管理水平的关键指标,目前,国内已将工业矿和低品位矿资源全部纳入计算评价范围。大红山铜矿自投产以来,矿体开采矿石损失贫化一直偏高,场内损失率居高不下,甚至出现负损失的情况。为合理确定损失率和贫化率,更新了传统损失率、贫化率含义及计算方法,对720、485中段部分采场重新进行了损失率计算,考虑含有用组分的围岩混入和顶板垮落情况,避免了负损失的出现;通过对285中段B48-68线方案优化,将设计开发利用资源储量全部纳入损失率计算范畴后,矿块设计总损失增大7%,设计回采品位由0.338%提升到0.389%,废石混入率由48.9%降低至40%,贫化率由36.7%降低至27%,使得该矿块资源经济效益最大化。损失率和贫化率是一对相辅相成相互制约又相互矛盾的技术指标,只有结合矿山实际,合理确定损失率、贫化率,才能有效降低采选成本,减小尾矿排放量及排放成本。
Loss rate and dilution rate are the key indicators for the evaluation of mine production technology level and management level of mines.At present,the industrial ores and the ores with low grade have been included in the calculation and evaluation scope.Since the Dahongshan Copper Mine is put into production,the ore loss and dilution rate have been in high level,the stoping ore less is high,even the negative loss phenomenon is occurred.In order to determine the reasonable ore loss rate and dilution rate,the classical method for calculation of ore loss rate and dilution rate is improved and some related definitions are revised.The ore loss rate of the part of stops of 720 m and 485 m sections of the mine are calculation again.By considering the phenomenon of the mixing of surrounding rock mass containing useful constituent and roof collapse,the negative loss phenomenon is avoided.By optimization on the schemes of B48-68 line of 285 m section,after the designed and developed reserves are included in the calculation of loss rate scope,the designed total loss of ore block is increased by 7%,the designed stoping grade is increased from 0.338% to 0.389%,the waste rock mixing rate is increased from 48.9% to 40%,the ore dilution rate is decreased from 36.7% to 27%,the maximum economical benefits of the stoping of the ore block is obtained.The above study results further indicated that loss rate and dilution rate are a pair of mutually complementary and mutually contradictory technical indicates,only by reasonably determining the loss rate and dilution rate in combination with the actual situation of the mine,the mining cost can be effectively reduced and the tailings emission and emission cost can be reduced.
Loss rate and dilution rate are the key indicators for the evaluation of mine production technology level and management level of mines.At present,the industrial ores and the ores with low grade have been included in the calculation and evaluation scope.Since the Dahongshan Copper Mine is put into production,the ore loss and dilution rate have been in high level,the stoping ore less is high,even the negative loss phenomenon is occurred.In order to determine the reasonable ore loss rate and dilution rate,the classical method for calculation of ore loss rate and dilution rate is improved and some related definitions are revised.The ore loss rate of the part of stops of 720 m and 485 m sections of the mine are calculation again.By considering the phenomenon of the mixing of surrounding rock mass containing useful constituent and roof collapse,the negative loss phenomenon is avoided.By optimization on the schemes of B48-68 line of 285 m section,after the designed and developed reserves are included in the calculation of loss rate scope,the designed total loss of ore block is increased by 7%,the designed stoping grade is increased from 0.338% to 0.389%,the waste rock mixing rate is increased from 48.9% to 40%,the ore dilution rate is decreased from 36.7% to 27%,the maximum economical benefits of the stoping of the ore block is obtained.The above study results further indicated that loss rate and dilution rate are a pair of mutually complementary and mutually contradictory technical indicates,only by reasonably determining the loss rate and dilution rate in combination with the actual situation of the mine,the mining cost can be effectively reduced and the tailings emission and emission cost can be reduced.
引文
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[16] 张士全.露天矿台阶高度与矿山损失、贫化关系的研究[J].矿业快报,2001(6):14-21.
[17] 魏一鸣,童光煦.应用神经网络分析矿山损失贫化[J].湖南有色金属,1995,11(3):10-13.
[18] 王友云.论对倾斜薄和极薄矿体采矿方法与贫化损失的关系[J].采矿方法,1989(2):21-27.
[2] 陈尚文.矿床开采中矿石的损失与贫化[M].1版.北京:冶金工业出版社,1988.
[3] 陈甲斌.降低井下采矿损失与贫化的措施[J].化工矿物与加工,2004(3):29-32.
[4] 沙泉.降低损失、贫化、提供经济效益[J].有色矿冶,1992(6):10-15.
[5] 毛荐新,张传舟,曹祖武,等.开采技术因素对露采矿石损失与贫化的影响[J].金属矿山,2002(10):10-13.
[6] 连全海.矿产资源损失贫化与可持续发展关系的浅析[J].中国矿业,2005,14(12):34-37.
[7] 陈运伟,陈广斌.矿石贫化率和废石混入率的概念和计算探讨[J].甘肃冶金,2008,30(5):24-27.
[8] 刘宗贵.矿石损失与贫化的经济计算[J].攀枝花科技与信息,1998,23(4):36-39.
[9] 温荣凯.砂金矿开采设计中废石混入率的确定[J].有色金属设计,1994,2:11-14.
[10] 廖永雄.矿石损失贫化的原因及其控制对策[C]//中国矿业科技大会论文集.马鞍山:金属矿山杂志社,2010:174-176.
[11] 闫云忠.露天开采矿石损失贫化的探讨[J].采矿技术,2001(1):22-24.
[12] 吴进国,薄建芬.尖山铁矿降低贫化损失的措施[C]//鲁冀晋琼粤川六省金属学会第十四届矿山学术交流会论文集.济南:山东省金属学会,2007:254-256.
[13] 陈世江,张飞,吴国良.乌特拉前旗湾兔沟铁矿控制废石混入率的研究[J].金属矿山,2008(7):152-153.
[14] 孙祺年.降低采矿损失率和贫化率的研究与实践[J].采矿技术,2009,9(3):7-9,18.
[15] 梁德义.矿山经营理念对矿石贫化损失的影响[J].采矿技术,2007,7(3):170-173.
[16] 张士全.露天矿台阶高度与矿山损失、贫化关系的研究[J].矿业快报,2001(6):14-21.
[17] 魏一鸣,童光煦.应用神经网络分析矿山损失贫化[J].湖南有色金属,1995,11(3):10-13.
[18] 王友云.论对倾斜薄和极薄矿体采矿方法与贫化损失的关系[J].采矿方法,1989(2):21-27.