有机肥对水稻中汞/甲基汞累积的影响
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摘要
稻米对甲基汞的累积危害居民身体健康。本文通过施用厌氧腐熟有机肥的盆栽试验,探讨有机肥施用对水稻中汞-甲基汞累积的影响。结果表明,有机肥施用水稻土中甲基汞含量显著增加,对照(10.43μg/kg)<1%豆饼粉肥(16.80μg/kg)<1%鱼粉肥(24.10μg/kg)<2%豆饼粉肥(33.53μg/kg)<2%鱼粉肥(38.46μg/kg),可能是施加有机肥后,增加了土壤微生物数量,提高了酶活性,导致水稻土中甲基汞含量增加。有机肥施用后,水稻不同部位总汞累积差异显著,根部最高(2 812.83μg/kg),其次是糙米(336.78μg/kg)和茎叶(300.44μg/kg)。有机肥施用后,水稻不同部位累积甲基汞的能力不同,表现为糙米(180.06μg/kg)>根(59.71μg/kg)>茎叶(38.97μg/kg)。不同有机肥的施用均增加籽粒中甲基汞的含量,与对照相比,各处理增加量表现为1%豆饼粉肥(16.1%)<1%鱼粉肥(19.3%)<2%豆饼粉肥(41.5%)<2%鱼粉肥(57.9%)。同时稻米中甲基汞含量与水稻土中甲基汞含量呈正相关关系。有机肥施用增加汞污染土壤水稻中汞与甲基汞累积,其可为合理施肥提供科学依据和理论指导。
Accumulation of methylmercury in rice is harmful to the health of consumers. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic fertilizer application on the accumulation of mercury and methylmercury in rice in mercurymethylmercury contaminated soil. The treatments included CK, no organic fertilizer + long term flooding; AWD, no organic fertilizer + dry/wet alternation; BOM1, rotten soybean meal(1%, w/w) + long term flooding; BOM2, rotten soybean meal(2%,w/w) + long term flooding; FOM1, rotten fish meal(1%, w/w) + long term flooding; FOM2, rotten fish meal(2%, w/w) + long term flooding. The results showed that organic fertilizer significantly increased CH3 Hg+ content in paddy soil: CK(10.43 μg/kg)< BOM1(16.80 μg/kg) < FOM1(24.10 μg/kg) < BOM2(33.53 μg/kg) < FOM2(38.46 μg/kg). After the application of organic fertilizers, total Hg accumulation in various rice organs were significantly different, the highest in root(2 812.83 μg/kg), followed by brown rice(336.78 μg/kg) and stem and leaf(300.44 μg/kg), the abilities to accumulate CH3 Hg+ by different rice organs were different: grain(180.06 μg/kg) > root(59.71 μg/kg) > stem and leaf(38.97 μg/kg). Organic fertilizers increased the content of CH3 Hg+ in rice grains compared with the CK treatment: BOM1(16.1%) < FOM1(19.3%) < BOM2(41.5%) < FOM2(57.9%).Significant positive correlation was found between CH3 Hg+ concentration in rice grains and CH3 Hg+ content in paddy soil. This study proved organic manure can increase the accumulation of mercury and methylmercury in rice in mercury contaminated soil,and it provided scientific basis and theoretical guidance for rational fertilization.
Accumulation of methylmercury in rice is harmful to the health of consumers. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic fertilizer application on the accumulation of mercury and methylmercury in rice in mercurymethylmercury contaminated soil. The treatments included CK, no organic fertilizer + long term flooding; AWD, no organic fertilizer + dry/wet alternation; BOM1, rotten soybean meal(1%, w/w) + long term flooding; BOM2, rotten soybean meal(2%,w/w) + long term flooding; FOM1, rotten fish meal(1%, w/w) + long term flooding; FOM2, rotten fish meal(2%, w/w) + long term flooding. The results showed that organic fertilizer significantly increased CH3 Hg+ content in paddy soil: CK(10.43 μg/kg)< BOM1(16.80 μg/kg) < FOM1(24.10 μg/kg) < BOM2(33.53 μg/kg) < FOM2(38.46 μg/kg). After the application of organic fertilizers, total Hg accumulation in various rice organs were significantly different, the highest in root(2 812.83 μg/kg), followed by brown rice(336.78 μg/kg) and stem and leaf(300.44 μg/kg), the abilities to accumulate CH3 Hg+ by different rice organs were different: grain(180.06 μg/kg) > root(59.71 μg/kg) > stem and leaf(38.97 μg/kg). Organic fertilizers increased the content of CH3 Hg+ in rice grains compared with the CK treatment: BOM1(16.1%) < FOM1(19.3%) < BOM2(41.5%) < FOM2(57.9%).Significant positive correlation was found between CH3 Hg+ concentration in rice grains and CH3 Hg+ content in paddy soil. This study proved organic manure can increase the accumulation of mercury and methylmercury in rice in mercury contaminated soil,and it provided scientific basis and theoretical guidance for rational fertilization.
引文
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[2]Mergler D,Anderson H A,Chan L H M,et al.Methylmercury exposure and health effects in humans:Aworldwide concern[J].AMBIO:A Journal of the Human Environment,2007,36(1):3-11
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[10]Rothenberg S E,Feng X B.Mercury cycling in a flooded rice paddy[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences,2012,117:16
[11]孟其义,钱晓莉,陈淼,等.稻田生态系统汞的生物地球化学研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1556-1573
[12]侯明,殷辉安.盆栽蔬菜土壤中汞的形态变化[J].土壤,2007,39(4):561-566
[13]Xia K,Skyllberg U L,Bleam W F,et al.X-ray absorption spectroscopic evidence for the complexation of Hg(II)by reduced sulfur in soil humic substances[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1999,33(2):257-261
[14]Haitzer M,Aiken G R,Ryan J N.Binding of mercury(II)to dissolved organic matter:The role of the mercury-to-DOMconcentration ratio[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2002,36(16):3564-3570
[15]Skyllberg U.Competition among thiols and inorganic sulfides and polysulfides for Hg and MeHg in wetland soils and sediments under suboxic conditions:Illumination of controversies and implications for MeHg net production[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences,2008,113:1-14
[16]Schaefer J K,Morel F M M.High methylation rates of mercury bound to cysteine by Geobacter sulfurreducens[J].Nature Geoscience,2009,2(2):123-126
[17]Golding G R,Kelly C A,Sparling R,et al.Evidence for facilitated uptake of Hg(II)by Vibrio anguillarum and Escherichia coli under anaerobic and aerobic conditions[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2002,47(4):967-975
[18]Rothenberg S E,Windham-Myers L,Creswell J E.Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation:A comprehensive review[J].Environmental Research,2014,133:407-423
[19]Gu B H,Bian Y R,Miller C L,et al.Mercury reduction and complexation by natural organic matter in anoxic environments[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2011,108(4):1479-1483
[20]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000
[21]Abeysinghe K S,Yang X D,Goodale E,et al.Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations over a gradient of contamination in earthworms living in rice paddy soil[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2017,36(5):1202-1210
[22]Zhao L,Anderson C W N,Qiu G L,et al.Mercury methylation in paddy soil:Source and distribution of mercury species at a Hg mining area,Guizhou Province,China[J].Biogeosciences,2016,13(8):2429-2440
[23]Zhao L,Qiu G L,Anderson C W N,et al.Mercury methylation in rice paddies and its possible controlling factors in the Hg mining area,Guizhou Province,southwest China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,215:1-9
[24]Aslaksen M A,Romarheim O H,Storebakken T,et al.Evaluation of content and digestibility of disulfide bonds and free thiols in unextruded and extruded diets containing fish meal and soybean protein sources[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2006,128(3/4):320-330
[25]李映晖,吕庆芳,李映志,等.不同肥料对香蕉和粉蕉果实挥发物的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2015,31(1):73-79
[26]姚海兴,叶志鸿.湿地植物根表铁膜研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(11):2374-2380
[27]Cobbett C,Goldsbrough P.Phytochelatins and metallothioneins:Roles in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2002,53:159-182
[28]Zhong S Q,Qiu G L,Feng X B,et al.Sulfur and iron influence the transformation and accumulation of mercury and methylmercury in the soil-rice system[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2018,18(2):578-585
[29]Li P,Feng X B,Qiu G L.Methylmercury exposure and health effects from rice and fish consumption:A review[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2010,7(6):2666-2691
[30]Tang Z Y,Fan F L,Wang X Y,et al.Mercury in rice(Oryza sativa L.)and rice-paddy soils under long-term fertilizer and organic amendment[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,150:116-122
[31]Vinay S D,Sood P P.Inability of thiol compounds to restore CNS arylsulfatases inhibited by methyl mercury[J].Pharmacology&Toxicology,1991,69(1):71-74
[32]张玉兰,陈利军.土壤芳基硫酸酯酶及其活性和农业措施影响[J].土壤通报,2006,37(4):792-798
[2]Mergler D,Anderson H A,Chan L H M,et al.Methylmercury exposure and health effects in humans:Aworldwide concern[J].AMBIO:A Journal of the Human Environment,2007,36(1):3-11
[3]Zhang H,Feng X B,Larssen T,et al.In inland china,rice,rather than fish,is the major pathway for methylmercury exposure[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2010,118(9):1183-1188
[4]Feng X B,Qiu G L.Mercury pollution in Guizhou,southwestern China-An overview[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,400(1/2/3):227-237
[5]Rothenberg S E,Feng X,Zhou W,et al.Methylmercury accumulation in rice grain(Oryza sativa L.):Environment and genotype controls//Pirrone N.Proceedings of the 16th international conference on heavy metals in the environment[C].Sciences:Cedex A,2013
[6]Rothenberg S E,Feng X B,Dong B,et al.Characterization of mercury species in brown and white rice(Oryza sativa L.)grown in water-saving paddies[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(5):1283-1289
[7]Meng B,Feng X B,Qiu G L,et al.Distribution patterns of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in tissues of rice(Oryza sativa L.)plants and possible bioaccumulation pathways[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(8):4951-4958
[8]Qiu G L,Feng X B,Wang S F,et al.Environmental contamination of mercury from Hg-mining areas in Wuchuan,northeastern Guizhou,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,142(3):549-558
[9]Horvat M,Nolde N,Fajon V,et al.Total mercury,methylmercury and selenium in mercury polluted areas in the province Guizhou,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2003,304(1/2/3):231-256
[10]Rothenberg S E,Feng X B.Mercury cycling in a flooded rice paddy[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences,2012,117:16
[11]孟其义,钱晓莉,陈淼,等.稻田生态系统汞的生物地球化学研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1556-1573
[12]侯明,殷辉安.盆栽蔬菜土壤中汞的形态变化[J].土壤,2007,39(4):561-566
[13]Xia K,Skyllberg U L,Bleam W F,et al.X-ray absorption spectroscopic evidence for the complexation of Hg(II)by reduced sulfur in soil humic substances[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1999,33(2):257-261
[14]Haitzer M,Aiken G R,Ryan J N.Binding of mercury(II)to dissolved organic matter:The role of the mercury-to-DOMconcentration ratio[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2002,36(16):3564-3570
[15]Skyllberg U.Competition among thiols and inorganic sulfides and polysulfides for Hg and MeHg in wetland soils and sediments under suboxic conditions:Illumination of controversies and implications for MeHg net production[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences,2008,113:1-14
[16]Schaefer J K,Morel F M M.High methylation rates of mercury bound to cysteine by Geobacter sulfurreducens[J].Nature Geoscience,2009,2(2):123-126
[17]Golding G R,Kelly C A,Sparling R,et al.Evidence for facilitated uptake of Hg(II)by Vibrio anguillarum and Escherichia coli under anaerobic and aerobic conditions[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2002,47(4):967-975
[18]Rothenberg S E,Windham-Myers L,Creswell J E.Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation:A comprehensive review[J].Environmental Research,2014,133:407-423
[19]Gu B H,Bian Y R,Miller C L,et al.Mercury reduction and complexation by natural organic matter in anoxic environments[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2011,108(4):1479-1483
[20]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000
[21]Abeysinghe K S,Yang X D,Goodale E,et al.Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations over a gradient of contamination in earthworms living in rice paddy soil[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2017,36(5):1202-1210
[22]Zhao L,Anderson C W N,Qiu G L,et al.Mercury methylation in paddy soil:Source and distribution of mercury species at a Hg mining area,Guizhou Province,China[J].Biogeosciences,2016,13(8):2429-2440
[23]Zhao L,Qiu G L,Anderson C W N,et al.Mercury methylation in rice paddies and its possible controlling factors in the Hg mining area,Guizhou Province,southwest China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,215:1-9
[24]Aslaksen M A,Romarheim O H,Storebakken T,et al.Evaluation of content and digestibility of disulfide bonds and free thiols in unextruded and extruded diets containing fish meal and soybean protein sources[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2006,128(3/4):320-330
[25]李映晖,吕庆芳,李映志,等.不同肥料对香蕉和粉蕉果实挥发物的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2015,31(1):73-79
[26]姚海兴,叶志鸿.湿地植物根表铁膜研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(11):2374-2380
[27]Cobbett C,Goldsbrough P.Phytochelatins and metallothioneins:Roles in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2002,53:159-182
[28]Zhong S Q,Qiu G L,Feng X B,et al.Sulfur and iron influence the transformation and accumulation of mercury and methylmercury in the soil-rice system[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2018,18(2):578-585
[29]Li P,Feng X B,Qiu G L.Methylmercury exposure and health effects from rice and fish consumption:A review[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2010,7(6):2666-2691
[30]Tang Z Y,Fan F L,Wang X Y,et al.Mercury in rice(Oryza sativa L.)and rice-paddy soils under long-term fertilizer and organic amendment[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,150:116-122
[31]Vinay S D,Sood P P.Inability of thiol compounds to restore CNS arylsulfatases inhibited by methyl mercury[J].Pharmacology&Toxicology,1991,69(1):71-74
[32]张玉兰,陈利军.土壤芳基硫酸酯酶及其活性和农业措施影响[J].土壤通报,2006,37(4):792-798