沉积盆地地区地壳结构估计——预测反褶积方法消除接收函数多次波混响
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摘要
接收函数方法被广泛地应用于地壳上地幔结构的研究中,H-κ叠加方法是其中最常用的方法之一.对于布设在基岩区台站计算的接收函数,H-κ叠加方法可以准确地估计台站下方地壳厚度和平均波速比,但是对于沉积盆地地区计算的接收函数,由于低速沉积层内会产生多次波混响,干扰甚至覆盖接收函数中莫霍面的转换波和多次波震相,从而影响H-κ叠加结果的准确性.为准确估计沉积盆地地区地壳结构,本文提出使用预测反褶积方法去除接收函数中低速沉积层内多次波混响,其中预测步长由接收函数归一化自相关函数获得,物理意义为沉积层内S波双程走时.合成接收函数和实测接收函数试验表明,本文提出的预测反褶积方法可以有效地去除沉积层多次波混响,并结合改进的H-κ叠加方法可以准确地估计沉积层下覆地壳厚度和平均波速比.相比于其他去除接收函数多次波混响的方法,本文提出的预测反褶积方法具有参数设定简单、运算量小、震相幅值较大等特点,适用于大批量数据处理.
Recently,the receiver function technique has been widely applied to investigate the layered structures of the crust and upper mantle,and the H-κ stacking is one of the commonly used methods.H-κ stacking method is effective to estimate the crustal thickness and average VP/VSratio beneath a station lying on the bedrock,however,for the stations on sedimentary basin,the presence of low-velocity sedimentary layer can give rise to strong reverberations in theobserved receiver functions,usually influencing and even masking the useful phases from Moho discontinuity.In order to accurately measure the crustal thickness and VP/VSratio beneath the sedimentary basin,we propose a predictive deconvolution method to remove the near-surface reverberations.Autocorrelation of single receiver function is first applied to determine the prediction step length,which is defined by the two-way S wave travel-time in the sedimentary layer.Synthetic and observed receiver function tests show that the near-surface reverberations can be effectively removed by applying predictive deconvolution method,and the processed receiver functions are suitable to accurately estimate the subsediment crustal thickness and VP/VS ratio using an improved H-κ stacking method.Comparing to previous methods applied to eliminate near-surface reverberations,the proposed method has the characteristics of fewer input parameters,less computational complexity and more obvious phases,which is suitable for mass data processing.
Recently,the receiver function technique has been widely applied to investigate the layered structures of the crust and upper mantle,and the H-κ stacking is one of the commonly used methods.H-κ stacking method is effective to estimate the crustal thickness and average VP/VSratio beneath a station lying on the bedrock,however,for the stations on sedimentary basin,the presence of low-velocity sedimentary layer can give rise to strong reverberations in theobserved receiver functions,usually influencing and even masking the useful phases from Moho discontinuity.In order to accurately measure the crustal thickness and VP/VSratio beneath the sedimentary basin,we propose a predictive deconvolution method to remove the near-surface reverberations.Autocorrelation of single receiver function is first applied to determine the prediction step length,which is defined by the two-way S wave travel-time in the sedimentary layer.Synthetic and observed receiver function tests show that the near-surface reverberations can be effectively removed by applying predictive deconvolution method,and the processed receiver functions are suitable to accurately estimate the subsediment crustal thickness and VP/VS ratio using an improved H-κ stacking method.Comparing to previous methods applied to eliminate near-surface reverberations,the proposed method has the characteristics of fewer input parameters,less computational complexity and more obvious phases,which is suitable for mass data processing.
引文
Ammon C J.1991.Isolation of receiver effects from teleseismic Pwaveforms.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,81(6):2504-2510.
Ammon C J,Randall G E,Zandt G.1990.On the nonuniqueness of receiver function inversions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,95(B10):15303-15318.
Dueker K G,Sheehan A F.1997.Mantle discontinuity structure from midpoint stacks of converted P to S waves across the Yellowstone hotspot track.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,102(B4):8313-8327.
Fang L H,Wu J P.2009.Effects of dipping boundaries and anisotropic media on receiver functions.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(1):42-50.
Fu W Z,Yang B J,Liu C,et al.1998.Study on the seismology in Manzhouli-Suifenhe geoscience transect of China.Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(in Chinese),28(2):206-212.
Efron B,Tibshirani R.1986.Bootstrap methods for standard errors,confidence intervals,and other measures of statistical accuracy.Statistical Science,1(1):75-77.
JuliàJ,Ammon C J,Herrmann R B,et al.2000.Joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion observations.Geophysical Journal International,143(1):99-112.
Kang J,Wei Q H,Zhou L,et al.2016.Deep structure based on seismic array observations in Daqing Area.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),46(3):900-910.
Kennett B L N.1983.Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Kennett B L N.1986.Wavenumber and wavetype coupling in laterally heterogeneous media.Geophysical Journal International,87(2):313-331.
Langston C A.1979.Structure under mount rainier,Washington,inferred from teleseismic body waves.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,84(B9):4749-4762.
Langston C A.2011.Wave-field continuation and decomposition for passive seismic imaging under deep unconsolidated sediments.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,101(5):2176-2190.
Leahy G M,Saltzer R L,Schmedes J.2012.Imaging the shallow crust with teleseismic receiver functions.Geophysical Journal International,191(2):627-636.
Li G L,Chen H C,Niu F L,et al.2016.Measurement of Rayleigh wave ellipticity and its application to the joint inversion of highresolution S wave velocity structure beneath northeast China.Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,121(2):864-880.
Ligorria J P,Ammon C J.1999.Iterative deconvolution and receiverfunction estimation.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,89(5):1395-1400.
Liu Q Y,Li Y,Chen J H,et al.2010.Joint inversion of receiver function and ambient noise based on Bayesian theory.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(11):2603-2612,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.11.008.
Lombardi D,Braunmiller J,Kissling E,et al.2008.Moho depth and Poisson's ratio in the Western-Central Alps from receiver functions.Geophysical Journal International,173(1):249-264.
Luo Y,Chong J J,Ni S D,et al.2008.Moho depth and sedimentary thickness in Capital region.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(4):1135-1145.
Mcnamara D E,Owens T J.1993.Azimuthal shear wave velocity anisotropy in the basin and range province using Moho Ps converted phases.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,98(B7):12003-12017,doi:10.1029/93JB00711.
Owens T J,Zandt G,Taylor S R.1984.Seismic evidence for an ancient rift beneath the Cumberland Plateau,Tennessee:Adetailed analysis of broadband teleseismic P waveforms.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,89(B9):7783-7795.
Peacock K L,Treitel S.1969.Predictive deconvolution:Theory and practice.Geophysics,34(2):155-169.
Savage M K.1998.Lower crustal anisotropy or dipping boundaries?Effects on receiver functions and a case study in New Zealand.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,103(B7):15069-15087.
Tao K,Liu T Z,Ning J Y,et al.2014a.Estimating sedimentary and crustal structure using wavefield continuation:Theory,techniques and applications.Geophysical Journal International,197(1):443-457.
Tao K,Niu F L,Ning J Y,et al.2014b.Crustal structure beneath NE China imaged by NECESSArray receiver function data.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,398:48-57.
Tian X B,Liu Z,Si S K,et al.2014.The crustal thickness of NETibet and its implication for crustal shortening.Tectonophysics,634:198-207.
Wang P,Wang L S,Mi N,et al.2010.Crustal thickness and average VP/VSratio variations in southwest Yunnan,China,from teleseismic receiver functions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,115(B11):B11308,doi:10.1029/2009JB006651.
Wei Z G,Chu R S,Chen L,et al.2016.Analysis of H-κstacking of receiver functions beneath crust with complex structure:taking the Anatolia Plate as an example.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(11):4048-4062,doi:10.6038/cjg20161110.
Wu Q J,Tian X B,Zhang N L,et al.2003.Receiver function estimated by Wiener filtering.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),19(1):41-47.
Yang B J,Mu S M,Jin X,et al.1996.Synthesized study on the geophysics of Manzhouli-Suifenhe geoscience transect,China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),39(6):772-782.
Yeck W L,Sheehan A F,Schulte-Pelkum V.2013.Sequential H-stacking to obtain accurate crustal thicknesses beneath sedimentary basins.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,103(3):2142-2150.
Yu Y Q,Song J G,Liu K H,et al.2015.Determining crustal structure beneath seismic stations overlying a low-velocity sedimentary layer using receiver functions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,120(5):3208-3218.
Yuan X H,Kind R,Li X Q,et al.2006.The S receiver functions:Synthetics and data example.Geophysical Journal International,165(2):555-564.
Yuan X H,Ni J,Kind R,et al.1997.Lithospheric and upper mantle structure of southern Tibet from a seismological passive source experiment.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,102(12):27491-27500.
Zelt B C,Ellis R M.1999.Receiver-function studies in the TransHudson Orogen,Saskatchewan.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,36(4):585-603.
Zhang G C,Wu Q J,Pan J T,et al.2013.Study of crustal structure and Poisson ratio of NE China by H-κstack and CCPstack methods.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(12):4084-4094,doi:10.6038/cjg20131213.
Zhang H S,Tian X B,Teng J W.2009.Estimation of crustal VP/VSwith dipping Moho from receiver functions.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(5):1243-1252,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.013.
Zhang J H,Miao Y S,Zheng X G,et al.2009.Discussion of several theoretical questions to remove seismic multiples using predictive deconvolution.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),31(1):6-10.
Zhang R Q,Wu Q J,Sun L,et al.2014.Crustal and lithospheric structure of Northeast China from S-wave receiver functions.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,401:196-205.
Zhu H X,Tian Y,Liu C,et al.2017.High-resolution crustal structure of Northeast China revealed by teleseismic receiver function.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(5):1676-1689,doi:10.6038/cjg20170506.
Zhu L P.2000.Crustal structure across the San Andreas Fault,southern California from teleseismic converted waves.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,179(1):183-190.
Zhu L P,Kanamori H.2000.Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,105(B2):2969-2980.
房立华,吴建平.2009.倾斜界面和各向异性介质对接收函数的影响.地球物理学进展,24(1):42-50.
傅维洲,杨宝俊,刘财等.1998.中国满洲里-绥芬河地学断面地震学研究.长春科技大学学报,28(2):206-212.
康健,韦庆海,周琳等.2016.利用地震台阵观测资料研究大庆地区深部构造.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),46(3):900-910.
刘启元,李昱,陈九辉等.2010.基于贝叶斯理论的接收函数与环境噪声联合反演.地球物理学报,53(11):2603-2612,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.11.008.
罗艳,崇加军,倪四道等.2008.首都圈地区莫霍面起伏及沉积层厚度.地球物理学报,51(4):1135-1145.
危自根,储日升,陈凌等.2016.复杂地壳接收函数H-κ叠加---以安纳托利亚板块为例.地球物理学报,59(11):4048-4062.
吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃等.2003.用Wiener滤波方法提取台站接收函数.中国地震,19(1):41-47.
杨宝俊,穆石敏,金旭等.1996.中国满洲里──绥芬河地学断面地球物理综合研究.地球物理学报,39(6):772-782.
张广成,吴庆举,潘佳铁等.2013.利用H-K叠加方法和CCP叠加方法研究中国东北地区地壳结构与泊松比.地球物理学报,56(12):4084-4094,doi:10.6038/cjg20131213.
张洪双,田小波,滕吉文.2009.接收函数方法估计Moho倾斜地区的地壳速度比.地球物理学报,52(5):1243-1252,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.013.
张军华,缪彦舒,郑旭刚等.2009.预测反褶积去多次波几个理论问题探讨.物探化探计算技术,31(1):6-10.
朱洪翔,田有,刘财等.2017.中国东北地区高分辨率地壳结构:远震接收函数.地球物理学报,60(5):1676-1689,doi:10.6038/cjg20170506.
Ammon C J,Randall G E,Zandt G.1990.On the nonuniqueness of receiver function inversions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,95(B10):15303-15318.
Dueker K G,Sheehan A F.1997.Mantle discontinuity structure from midpoint stacks of converted P to S waves across the Yellowstone hotspot track.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,102(B4):8313-8327.
Fang L H,Wu J P.2009.Effects of dipping boundaries and anisotropic media on receiver functions.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(1):42-50.
Fu W Z,Yang B J,Liu C,et al.1998.Study on the seismology in Manzhouli-Suifenhe geoscience transect of China.Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(in Chinese),28(2):206-212.
Efron B,Tibshirani R.1986.Bootstrap methods for standard errors,confidence intervals,and other measures of statistical accuracy.Statistical Science,1(1):75-77.
JuliàJ,Ammon C J,Herrmann R B,et al.2000.Joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion observations.Geophysical Journal International,143(1):99-112.
Kang J,Wei Q H,Zhou L,et al.2016.Deep structure based on seismic array observations in Daqing Area.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),46(3):900-910.
Kennett B L N.1983.Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Kennett B L N.1986.Wavenumber and wavetype coupling in laterally heterogeneous media.Geophysical Journal International,87(2):313-331.
Langston C A.1979.Structure under mount rainier,Washington,inferred from teleseismic body waves.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,84(B9):4749-4762.
Langston C A.2011.Wave-field continuation and decomposition for passive seismic imaging under deep unconsolidated sediments.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,101(5):2176-2190.
Leahy G M,Saltzer R L,Schmedes J.2012.Imaging the shallow crust with teleseismic receiver functions.Geophysical Journal International,191(2):627-636.
Li G L,Chen H C,Niu F L,et al.2016.Measurement of Rayleigh wave ellipticity and its application to the joint inversion of highresolution S wave velocity structure beneath northeast China.Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,121(2):864-880.
Ligorria J P,Ammon C J.1999.Iterative deconvolution and receiverfunction estimation.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,89(5):1395-1400.
Liu Q Y,Li Y,Chen J H,et al.2010.Joint inversion of receiver function and ambient noise based on Bayesian theory.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(11):2603-2612,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.11.008.
Lombardi D,Braunmiller J,Kissling E,et al.2008.Moho depth and Poisson's ratio in the Western-Central Alps from receiver functions.Geophysical Journal International,173(1):249-264.
Luo Y,Chong J J,Ni S D,et al.2008.Moho depth and sedimentary thickness in Capital region.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(4):1135-1145.
Mcnamara D E,Owens T J.1993.Azimuthal shear wave velocity anisotropy in the basin and range province using Moho Ps converted phases.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,98(B7):12003-12017,doi:10.1029/93JB00711.
Owens T J,Zandt G,Taylor S R.1984.Seismic evidence for an ancient rift beneath the Cumberland Plateau,Tennessee:Adetailed analysis of broadband teleseismic P waveforms.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,89(B9):7783-7795.
Peacock K L,Treitel S.1969.Predictive deconvolution:Theory and practice.Geophysics,34(2):155-169.
Savage M K.1998.Lower crustal anisotropy or dipping boundaries?Effects on receiver functions and a case study in New Zealand.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,103(B7):15069-15087.
Tao K,Liu T Z,Ning J Y,et al.2014a.Estimating sedimentary and crustal structure using wavefield continuation:Theory,techniques and applications.Geophysical Journal International,197(1):443-457.
Tao K,Niu F L,Ning J Y,et al.2014b.Crustal structure beneath NE China imaged by NECESSArray receiver function data.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,398:48-57.
Tian X B,Liu Z,Si S K,et al.2014.The crustal thickness of NETibet and its implication for crustal shortening.Tectonophysics,634:198-207.
Wang P,Wang L S,Mi N,et al.2010.Crustal thickness and average VP/VSratio variations in southwest Yunnan,China,from teleseismic receiver functions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,115(B11):B11308,doi:10.1029/2009JB006651.
Wei Z G,Chu R S,Chen L,et al.2016.Analysis of H-κstacking of receiver functions beneath crust with complex structure:taking the Anatolia Plate as an example.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(11):4048-4062,doi:10.6038/cjg20161110.
Wu Q J,Tian X B,Zhang N L,et al.2003.Receiver function estimated by Wiener filtering.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),19(1):41-47.
Yang B J,Mu S M,Jin X,et al.1996.Synthesized study on the geophysics of Manzhouli-Suifenhe geoscience transect,China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),39(6):772-782.
Yeck W L,Sheehan A F,Schulte-Pelkum V.2013.Sequential H-stacking to obtain accurate crustal thicknesses beneath sedimentary basins.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,103(3):2142-2150.
Yu Y Q,Song J G,Liu K H,et al.2015.Determining crustal structure beneath seismic stations overlying a low-velocity sedimentary layer using receiver functions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,120(5):3208-3218.
Yuan X H,Kind R,Li X Q,et al.2006.The S receiver functions:Synthetics and data example.Geophysical Journal International,165(2):555-564.
Yuan X H,Ni J,Kind R,et al.1997.Lithospheric and upper mantle structure of southern Tibet from a seismological passive source experiment.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,102(12):27491-27500.
Zelt B C,Ellis R M.1999.Receiver-function studies in the TransHudson Orogen,Saskatchewan.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,36(4):585-603.
Zhang G C,Wu Q J,Pan J T,et al.2013.Study of crustal structure and Poisson ratio of NE China by H-κstack and CCPstack methods.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(12):4084-4094,doi:10.6038/cjg20131213.
Zhang H S,Tian X B,Teng J W.2009.Estimation of crustal VP/VSwith dipping Moho from receiver functions.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(5):1243-1252,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.013.
Zhang J H,Miao Y S,Zheng X G,et al.2009.Discussion of several theoretical questions to remove seismic multiples using predictive deconvolution.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),31(1):6-10.
Zhang R Q,Wu Q J,Sun L,et al.2014.Crustal and lithospheric structure of Northeast China from S-wave receiver functions.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,401:196-205.
Zhu H X,Tian Y,Liu C,et al.2017.High-resolution crustal structure of Northeast China revealed by teleseismic receiver function.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(5):1676-1689,doi:10.6038/cjg20170506.
Zhu L P.2000.Crustal structure across the San Andreas Fault,southern California from teleseismic converted waves.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,179(1):183-190.
Zhu L P,Kanamori H.2000.Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,105(B2):2969-2980.
房立华,吴建平.2009.倾斜界面和各向异性介质对接收函数的影响.地球物理学进展,24(1):42-50.
傅维洲,杨宝俊,刘财等.1998.中国满洲里-绥芬河地学断面地震学研究.长春科技大学学报,28(2):206-212.
康健,韦庆海,周琳等.2016.利用地震台阵观测资料研究大庆地区深部构造.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),46(3):900-910.
刘启元,李昱,陈九辉等.2010.基于贝叶斯理论的接收函数与环境噪声联合反演.地球物理学报,53(11):2603-2612,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.11.008.
罗艳,崇加军,倪四道等.2008.首都圈地区莫霍面起伏及沉积层厚度.地球物理学报,51(4):1135-1145.
危自根,储日升,陈凌等.2016.复杂地壳接收函数H-κ叠加---以安纳托利亚板块为例.地球物理学报,59(11):4048-4062.
吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃等.2003.用Wiener滤波方法提取台站接收函数.中国地震,19(1):41-47.
杨宝俊,穆石敏,金旭等.1996.中国满洲里──绥芬河地学断面地球物理综合研究.地球物理学报,39(6):772-782.
张广成,吴庆举,潘佳铁等.2013.利用H-K叠加方法和CCP叠加方法研究中国东北地区地壳结构与泊松比.地球物理学报,56(12):4084-4094,doi:10.6038/cjg20131213.
张洪双,田小波,滕吉文.2009.接收函数方法估计Moho倾斜地区的地壳速度比.地球物理学报,52(5):1243-1252,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.013.
张军华,缪彦舒,郑旭刚等.2009.预测反褶积去多次波几个理论问题探讨.物探化探计算技术,31(1):6-10.
朱洪翔,田有,刘财等.2017.中国东北地区高分辨率地壳结构:远震接收函数.地球物理学报,60(5):1676-1689,doi:10.6038/cjg20170506.