石灰岩山地植被恢复对土壤水稳性团聚体的影响
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摘要
为了阐明皖北石灰岩山地不同植被恢复模式对土壤物理特性以及土壤团聚体稳定性的影响,本研究采用高真空慢速湿润法测定了不同植被恢复模式下土壤水稳性团聚体的含量,分析了植被类型对土壤团聚体水稳性的影响。结果表明,金色狗尾草(Setariag lauca)+牡荆(Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia)草灌丛0.5~0.25mm粒径土壤的水稳性团聚体含量最高,且具有较小的土壤容重和较高的孔隙度。说明石灰岩山地草灌丛植被的恢复有利于促进中小粒径(<1mm)土壤团聚体形成,土壤结构得到明显改善。土壤团聚体平均重量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD)和几何平均直径(geometrical mean weight,GMD)的最高值分别出现在金色狗尾草+牡荆草灌丛和酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa)+牡荆灌丛,分别为0.47和0.61mm。说明不同植被恢复对土壤水稳性团聚体的影响不同,不同植被类型对土壤表层土壤团聚体状况的改善程度有所差异。本研究结果为石灰岩山地生态恢复功效及土壤质量的科学评价提供参考依据。
In order to elucidate the effect of vegetation restoration on the soil physical characteristic and soil water stable aggregate in the limestone mountains of northern Anhui Province,soil samples were collected from land under different vegetation restoration regimes.The content of soil water aggregate was measured by high vacuum slow wetting.The results indicate that the highest content of aggregate size of 0.50~0.25 mm and lowest values of bulk density were found in the soil under Setaria glaucaand Vitex negundo var.cannabifoliarestoration,which indicated that the restoration of grass-shrub improved the formation of<1 mm aggregates,thereby improving the soil structure underneath.The highest value of mean weight diameter(MWD,0.47 mm)and geometrical mean weight(GMD,0.61 mm)were found,respectively,in the soils under grass-shrubs S.glauca and V.negundo var.cannabifolia,and the shrubs Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa and Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia.These results indicate that there was a difference in the distribution,as well as in the stability,of soil water stable aggregates among the four vegetation restoration measures.The results from the present study will provide a reference for evaluating the benefits of ecological restoration and soil quality in the region of the limestone mountain.
In order to elucidate the effect of vegetation restoration on the soil physical characteristic and soil water stable aggregate in the limestone mountains of northern Anhui Province,soil samples were collected from land under different vegetation restoration regimes.The content of soil water aggregate was measured by high vacuum slow wetting.The results indicate that the highest content of aggregate size of 0.50~0.25 mm and lowest values of bulk density were found in the soil under Setaria glaucaand Vitex negundo var.cannabifoliarestoration,which indicated that the restoration of grass-shrub improved the formation of<1 mm aggregates,thereby improving the soil structure underneath.The highest value of mean weight diameter(MWD,0.47 mm)and geometrical mean weight(GMD,0.61 mm)were found,respectively,in the soils under grass-shrubs S.glauca and V.negundo var.cannabifolia,and the shrubs Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa and Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia.These results indicate that there was a difference in the distribution,as well as in the stability,of soil water stable aggregates among the four vegetation restoration measures.The results from the present study will provide a reference for evaluating the benefits of ecological restoration and soil quality in the region of the limestone mountain.
引文
[1]李裕元,邵明安,陈洪松,霍竹,郑纪勇.水蚀风蚀交错带植被恢复对土壤物理性质的影响.生态学报,2010,30(16):4306-4316.Li Y Y,Shao M A,Chen H S,Huo Z,Zheng J Y.Impacts of vegetation recovery on soil physical properties in the cross area of wind-water erosion.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(16):4306-4316.(in Chinese)
[2]Levy G J,Levin J,Shainberg I.Prewetting rate and aging effects on seal formation and interrill soil erosion.Soil Science,1997,162:131-139.
[3]Six J,Elliott E T,Paustian K.Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation:A mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2000,32(14):2099-2103.
[4]彭新华,张斌,赵其国.红壤侵蚀裸地植被恢复及土壤有机碳对团聚体稳定性的影响.生态学报,2003,23(10):2176-2183.Peng X H,Zhang B,Zhao Q G.Effect of soil organic carbon on aggregate stability after vegetative restoration on severely eroded red soil.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(10):2176-2183.(in Chinese)
[5]杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,林仲桂,宋光桃,陈志阳,赵林峰.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地植被恢复阶段土壤特性的演变.生态学报,2014,34(10):2693-2701.Yang N,Zou D S,Yang M Y,Lin Z G,Song G T,Chen Z Y,Zhao L F.Changes of soil properties in re-vegetation stages on sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang of Hunan Province,South-central China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(10):2693-2701.(in Chinese)
[6]陈帅,孙涛.松嫩草地不同退化阶段的土壤团聚体稳定性.草业科学,2017,34(2):217-223.Chen S,Sun T.Research of soil aggregate stability in different degradation stages of Songnen grassland.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(2):217-223.(in Chinese)
[7]安韶山,张扬,郑粉莉.黄土丘陵区土壤团聚体分形特征及其对植被恢复的响应.中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):66-70.An S S,Zhang Y,Zheng F L.Fractal dimension of the soil aggregate and its responds to plant rehabilitation in the Hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau.Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,6(2):66-70.(in Chinese)
[8]漆良华,张旭东,周金星,周小玲,田育新,魏远,吴建平,柯裕洲.湘西北小流域典型植被恢复群落土壤贮水量与入渗特性.林业科学,2007,43(4):1-8.Qi L H,Zhang X D,Zhou J X,Zhou X L,Tian Y X,Wei Y,Wu J P,Ke Y Z.Soil water holding capacities and infiltration characteristics of vegetation restoration communities in watershed,Northwest Hunan.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2007,43(4):1-8.(in Chinese)
[9]张治伟,傅瓦利,朱章雄,张洪,文志林,李芹.石灰岩区土壤分形特征及其与土壤性质的关系.土壤,2009,41(1):90-96.Zhang Z W,Fu W L,Zhu Z X,Zhang H,Wen Z L,Li Q.Characteristics of fractal dimension of limestone soil and its correlation with soil properties.Soils,2009,41(1):90-96.(in Chinese)
[10]李红云.石灰岩山区主要灌木树种水土保持功能的研究.泰安:山东农业大学硕士学位论文,2005.Li H Y.Study on soil and water conservation capacity of the major bushes in limestone mountainous area.Master Thesis.Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2005.(in Chinese)
[11]张国庆,杨吉华,于连家,马胜国,朱超,李星辰,艾钊.石灰岩山地不同整地组合对侧柏林蓄水保土功能的影响.水土保持学报,2013,39(2):209-214.Zhang G Q,Yang J H,Yu L J,Ma S G,Zhu C,Li X C,Ai Z.Effects of different soil preparation combination on water storage and soil combination on water storage and soil conservation function of Platycladus orientalis in Shandong limestone mountain.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,39(2):209-214.(in Chinese)
[12]邵水仙,董智,李红丽,张钦敬,许婷婷.不同造林模式对退化石灰岩山地土壤理化性质及水文效应的影响.水土保持学报,2015,29(1):263-267.Shao S X,Dong Z,Li H L,Zhang Q J,Xu T T.Influence of different afforestation models on soil physical and chemical properties and hydrological effect in degradation limestone mountain.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(1):263-267.(in Chinese)
[13]史刚荣,汤盈,张铮.淮北相山恢复演替群落优势树种叶片的生态解剖,植物生态学报,2006,30(2):314-322.Shi G R,Tang Y,Zhang Z.Leaf anatomy of dominant plant species in the successional communities of Xiangshan Moutnain,Huaibei,China.Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(2):314-322.(in Chinese)
[14]陈平.徐州石灰岩山地退化植被特征及恢复重建研究.南京:南京林业大学博士学位论文,2010.Chen P.Reserch on degraded vegetation characters,restoration and reconstruction at limestone hills of Xuzhou.PhD Thesis.Najing:Nanjing Forestry University,2010.(in Chinese)
[15]Sun T,Chen Q,Chen Y,Zhang X Y.A novel soil wetting technique for measuring wet stable aggregates.Soil and Tillage Research,2014,141:19-24.
[16]钟珍梅,詹杰,李振武,应朝阳.紫色土侵蚀区柑橘园套种印度豇豆对土壤水稳性团聚体的影响.草业科学,2015,32(12):1940-1944.Zhong Z M,Zhan J,Li Z W,Ying Z Y.Effects of interplanting Vigna sinensis on soil water stable aggregate of Citrus reticulata orchard in purplish soil erosion region.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(12):1940-1944.(in Chinese)
[17]安韶山,黄懿梅,李壁成,杨建国.黄土丘陵区植被恢复中土壤团聚体演变及其与土壤性质的关系.土壤通报,2006,37(1):45-50.An S S,Huang Y M,Li B C,Yang J G.Characteristics of soil water stable aggregates and relationship with soil properties during vegetation rehablitation in a loess hilly region.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(1):45-50.(in Chinese)
[18]董莉丽.不同土地利用类型下土壤水稳性团聚体的特征.林业科学,2011,47(4):95-100.Dong L L.Characteristics of soil water stable aggregates under different land-use types.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(4):95-100.(in Chinese)
[19]任青山.西藏冷杉原始森林土壤物理性质特征分析.林业科学,2002,38(3):57-62.Ren Q S.Characteristic analysis of soil physical properties of Abies georgei var.smithii virgin forest in Tibet.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2002,38(3):57-62.(in Chinese)
[20]陈冬明,张楠楠,刘琳,仲波,唐中林,严文超.不同恢复措施对若尔盖沙化草地的恢复效果比较.应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(4):573-578.Chen D M,Zhang N N,Liu L,Zhong B,Tang Z L,Yan W C.The effect of different restoration measures on the desertified alpine grassland in Zoigê.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2016,22(4):573-578.(in Chinese)
[2]Levy G J,Levin J,Shainberg I.Prewetting rate and aging effects on seal formation and interrill soil erosion.Soil Science,1997,162:131-139.
[3]Six J,Elliott E T,Paustian K.Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation:A mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2000,32(14):2099-2103.
[4]彭新华,张斌,赵其国.红壤侵蚀裸地植被恢复及土壤有机碳对团聚体稳定性的影响.生态学报,2003,23(10):2176-2183.Peng X H,Zhang B,Zhao Q G.Effect of soil organic carbon on aggregate stability after vegetative restoration on severely eroded red soil.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(10):2176-2183.(in Chinese)
[5]杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,林仲桂,宋光桃,陈志阳,赵林峰.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地植被恢复阶段土壤特性的演变.生态学报,2014,34(10):2693-2701.Yang N,Zou D S,Yang M Y,Lin Z G,Song G T,Chen Z Y,Zhao L F.Changes of soil properties in re-vegetation stages on sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang of Hunan Province,South-central China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(10):2693-2701.(in Chinese)
[6]陈帅,孙涛.松嫩草地不同退化阶段的土壤团聚体稳定性.草业科学,2017,34(2):217-223.Chen S,Sun T.Research of soil aggregate stability in different degradation stages of Songnen grassland.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(2):217-223.(in Chinese)
[7]安韶山,张扬,郑粉莉.黄土丘陵区土壤团聚体分形特征及其对植被恢复的响应.中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):66-70.An S S,Zhang Y,Zheng F L.Fractal dimension of the soil aggregate and its responds to plant rehabilitation in the Hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau.Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,6(2):66-70.(in Chinese)
[8]漆良华,张旭东,周金星,周小玲,田育新,魏远,吴建平,柯裕洲.湘西北小流域典型植被恢复群落土壤贮水量与入渗特性.林业科学,2007,43(4):1-8.Qi L H,Zhang X D,Zhou J X,Zhou X L,Tian Y X,Wei Y,Wu J P,Ke Y Z.Soil water holding capacities and infiltration characteristics of vegetation restoration communities in watershed,Northwest Hunan.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2007,43(4):1-8.(in Chinese)
[9]张治伟,傅瓦利,朱章雄,张洪,文志林,李芹.石灰岩区土壤分形特征及其与土壤性质的关系.土壤,2009,41(1):90-96.Zhang Z W,Fu W L,Zhu Z X,Zhang H,Wen Z L,Li Q.Characteristics of fractal dimension of limestone soil and its correlation with soil properties.Soils,2009,41(1):90-96.(in Chinese)
[10]李红云.石灰岩山区主要灌木树种水土保持功能的研究.泰安:山东农业大学硕士学位论文,2005.Li H Y.Study on soil and water conservation capacity of the major bushes in limestone mountainous area.Master Thesis.Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2005.(in Chinese)
[11]张国庆,杨吉华,于连家,马胜国,朱超,李星辰,艾钊.石灰岩山地不同整地组合对侧柏林蓄水保土功能的影响.水土保持学报,2013,39(2):209-214.Zhang G Q,Yang J H,Yu L J,Ma S G,Zhu C,Li X C,Ai Z.Effects of different soil preparation combination on water storage and soil combination on water storage and soil conservation function of Platycladus orientalis in Shandong limestone mountain.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,39(2):209-214.(in Chinese)
[12]邵水仙,董智,李红丽,张钦敬,许婷婷.不同造林模式对退化石灰岩山地土壤理化性质及水文效应的影响.水土保持学报,2015,29(1):263-267.Shao S X,Dong Z,Li H L,Zhang Q J,Xu T T.Influence of different afforestation models on soil physical and chemical properties and hydrological effect in degradation limestone mountain.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(1):263-267.(in Chinese)
[13]史刚荣,汤盈,张铮.淮北相山恢复演替群落优势树种叶片的生态解剖,植物生态学报,2006,30(2):314-322.Shi G R,Tang Y,Zhang Z.Leaf anatomy of dominant plant species in the successional communities of Xiangshan Moutnain,Huaibei,China.Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(2):314-322.(in Chinese)
[14]陈平.徐州石灰岩山地退化植被特征及恢复重建研究.南京:南京林业大学博士学位论文,2010.Chen P.Reserch on degraded vegetation characters,restoration and reconstruction at limestone hills of Xuzhou.PhD Thesis.Najing:Nanjing Forestry University,2010.(in Chinese)
[15]Sun T,Chen Q,Chen Y,Zhang X Y.A novel soil wetting technique for measuring wet stable aggregates.Soil and Tillage Research,2014,141:19-24.
[16]钟珍梅,詹杰,李振武,应朝阳.紫色土侵蚀区柑橘园套种印度豇豆对土壤水稳性团聚体的影响.草业科学,2015,32(12):1940-1944.Zhong Z M,Zhan J,Li Z W,Ying Z Y.Effects of interplanting Vigna sinensis on soil water stable aggregate of Citrus reticulata orchard in purplish soil erosion region.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(12):1940-1944.(in Chinese)
[17]安韶山,黄懿梅,李壁成,杨建国.黄土丘陵区植被恢复中土壤团聚体演变及其与土壤性质的关系.土壤通报,2006,37(1):45-50.An S S,Huang Y M,Li B C,Yang J G.Characteristics of soil water stable aggregates and relationship with soil properties during vegetation rehablitation in a loess hilly region.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(1):45-50.(in Chinese)
[18]董莉丽.不同土地利用类型下土壤水稳性团聚体的特征.林业科学,2011,47(4):95-100.Dong L L.Characteristics of soil water stable aggregates under different land-use types.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(4):95-100.(in Chinese)
[19]任青山.西藏冷杉原始森林土壤物理性质特征分析.林业科学,2002,38(3):57-62.Ren Q S.Characteristic analysis of soil physical properties of Abies georgei var.smithii virgin forest in Tibet.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2002,38(3):57-62.(in Chinese)
[20]陈冬明,张楠楠,刘琳,仲波,唐中林,严文超.不同恢复措施对若尔盖沙化草地的恢复效果比较.应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(4):573-578.Chen D M,Zhang N N,Liu L,Zhong B,Tang Z L,Yan W C.The effect of different restoration measures on the desertified alpine grassland in Zoigê.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2016,22(4):573-578.(in Chinese)