基于柔性直流输电的异步互联系统频率支援控制方法综述
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摘要
利用基于电压源换流器的柔性直流输电(VSC-HVDC)的快速功率控制能力实现异步互联的交流电网间的频率支援,可以充分发挥全系统备用容量的调节能力,提高互联系统的安全性和稳定性。综述了国内外该领域的研究现状,详细介绍了基于通信的主从控制、利用电压传递频率波动的主从控制、附加频率调节的下垂控制以及基于虚拟同步机特性的控制等不同方法的基本原理。通过统一的仿真模型对比分析了各种方法的控制特点和性能,从工程应用角度总结了这些方法的优缺点以及进一步研究的方向。
The fast power control ability of VSC-HVDC( Voltage Source Converter based High Voltage Direct Current) can realize the frequency support among asynchronous AC systems,which makes full use of the regulation capacity of the whole system reserve capacity and improves the safety and stability of the interconnection system. The research status of this field at home and abroad is summarized. The basic principles of different methods,such as the master-slave control based on communication,the master-slave control based on frequency fluctuation delivery by voltage,the droop control with additional frequency regulation,the control based on the characteristics of virtual synchronous generator,etc.,are introduced in detail. The control features and performances of different methods are analyzed and compared by a unified simulation model,and their advantages,disadvantages and the further research directions are summarized from the engineering application point of view.
The fast power control ability of VSC-HVDC( Voltage Source Converter based High Voltage Direct Current) can realize the frequency support among asynchronous AC systems,which makes full use of the regulation capacity of the whole system reserve capacity and improves the safety and stability of the interconnection system. The research status of this field at home and abroad is summarized. The basic principles of different methods,such as the master-slave control based on communication,the master-slave control based on frequency fluctuation delivery by voltage,the droop control with additional frequency regulation,the control based on the characteristics of virtual synchronous generator,etc.,are introduced in detail. The control features and performances of different methods are analyzed and compared by a unified simulation model,and their advantages,disadvantages and the further research directions are summarized from the engineering application point of view.
引文
[1]XU Z,HUANG H,TANG G,et al. Two new techniques to solve the problems with multi-infeed HVDC systems[C]∥International Conference on Power System Technology. Chengdu,China:IEEE,2014:2075-2082.
[2]CLARK H,EDRIS A,EL-GASSEIR M,et al. Softening the blow of disturbances[J]. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine,2008,1(6):30-41.
[3]CLARK H K,EL-GASSEIR M M,EPP H K,et al. The application of segmentation and grid shock absorber concept for reliable power grids[C]∥International Middle-East Power System Conference.Aswan,Egypt:IEEE,2008:34-38.
[4] OOI B T,WANG X. Boost type PWM HVDC transmission system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1991,6(1):1557-1563.
[5]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009:68-72.
[6]徐政.柔性直流输电系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013:20-22.
[7]徐政,陈海荣.电压源换流器型直流输电技术综述[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1):1-10.XU Zheng,CHEN Hairong. Review and applications of VSC HVDC[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(1):1-10.
[8]李岩,罗雨,许树楷,等.柔性直流输电技术:应用、进步与期望[J].南方电网技术,2015,9(1):7-13.LI Yan,LUO Yu,XU Shukai,et al. VSC-HVDC transmission technology:application,advancement and expectation[J]. Southern Power System Technology,2015,9(1):7-13.
[9]乐波,梅念,刘思源,等.柔性直流输电技术综述[J].中国电业(技术版),2014(5):43-47.YUE Bo,MEI Nian,LIU Siyuan,et al. Outview of HVDC flexible[J]. China Electric Power(Technology Edition),2014(5):43-47.
[10]董云龙,凌卫家,田杰,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电控制保护系统[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(7):169-175.DONG Yunlong,LING Weijia,TIAN Jie,et al. Control&protection system for Zhoushan multi-terminal VSC-HVDC[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(7):169-175.
[11]赵成勇,李金丰,李广凯.基于有功和无功独立调节的VSCHVDC控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(9):20-24.ZHAO Chengyong,LI Jinfeng,LI Guangkai. VSC-HVDC control strategy based on respective adjustment of active and reactive power[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(9):20-24.
[12]张少康,李兴源,王渝红. HVDC附加控制策略对频率稳定性的影响研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(19):100-103.ZHANG Shaokang,LI Xingyuan,WANG Yuhong. Research on the effect of HVDC additional control strategy on frequency stability[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(19):100-103.
[13]周密,徐箭,孙元章.多端柔性直流电网平抑风电波动的协调控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(12):29-35.ZHOU Mi,XU Jian,SUN Yuanzhang. Coordinated control restraining wind power fluctuation of VSC-MTDC[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(12):29-35.
[14]KUNDUR P.电力系统稳定与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001:234-240.
[15]STERPU S,TUAN M N. Sharing frequency response between asynchronous electrical systems[C]∥Power&Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE. Calgary,AB,Canada:IEEE,2009:1-6.
[16]MIAO Z,FAN L,OSBORN D,et al. Wind farms with HVDC delivery in inertial response and primary frequency control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2010,25(4):1171-1178.
[17]DAI J,PHULPIN Y,SARLETTE A,et al. Coordinated primary frequency control among non-synchronous systems connected by a multi-terminal high-voltage direct current grid[J]. IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2012,6(2):99-108.
[18]ANDREASSON M,WIGET R,DIMAROGONAS D V,et al. Distributed frequency control through MTDC transmission systems[J].Ifac Papersonline,2015,48(22):106-111.
[19]HARARNEFORS L,JOHANSSON N,ZHANG L. Impact on interarea modes of fast HVDC primary frequency control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(2):1350-1358.
[20]PHULPIN Y. Communication-free inertia and frequency control for wind generators connected by an HVDC-link[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(2):1136-1137.
[21]朱瑞可,王渝红,李兴源,等.用于VSC-HVDC互联系统的附加频率控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(16):81-87.ZHU Ruike,WANG Yuhong,LI Xingyuan,et al. An additional frequency control strategy for interconnected systems through VSCHVDC[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(16):81-87.
[22] RAFFERTY J,XU L,WANG Y,et al. Frequency support using multi-terminal HVDC systems based on DC voltage manipulation[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation,2017,10(9):1393-1401.
[23]鲍正杰,李生虎.基于VSC-HVDC有功支援和自适应低频减载的区域电网频率控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(20):32-37.BAO Zhengjie,LI Shenghu. Frequency control for regional system based on active power support from VSC-HVDC and adaptive under-frequency load shedding[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(20):32-37.
[24] CHAUDHURI N R,CHAUDHURI B. Adaptive droop control for effective power sharing in Multi-Terminal DC(MTDC)grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(1):21-29.
[25]HAILESELASSIE T M,UHLEN K. Primary frequency control of remote grids connected by multi-terminal HVDC[C]∥IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. Providence,RI,USA:IEEE,2010:1-6.
[26]朱瑞可,李兴源,应大力. VSC-MTDC互联系统频率稳定控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2729-2734.ZHU Ruike,LI Xingyuan,YING Dali. A frequency stability control strategy for interconnected VSC-MTDC transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2729-2734.
[27]CHAUDHURI N R,MAIUMDER R,CHAUDHURI B. System frequency spport through Multi-Terminal DC(MTDC)grids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(1):347-356.
[28]郑天文,陈来军,陈天一,等.虚拟同步发电机技术及展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(21):165-175.ZHENG Tianwen,CHEN Laijun,CHEN Tianyi,et al. Review and prospect of virtual synchronous generator technologies[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):165-175.
[29]ZHANG L,HARNEFORS L,NEE H P. Interconnection of two very weak AC systems by VSC-HVDC links using power-synchronization control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(1):344-355.
[30]GUAN M,PAN W,ZHANG J,et al. Synchronous generator emulation control strategy for Voltage Source Converter(VSC)stations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(6):3093-3101.
[31]ZHU J,BOOTH C D,ADAM G P,et al. Inertia emulation control strategy for VSC-HVDC transmission systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1277-1287.
[32]CHAUDHURI N R,MAIUMDER R,CHAUDHURI B. System frequency support through Multi-Terminal DC(MTDC)grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(1):347-356.
[33]范心明,管霖,何健明.多电平柔性直流输电定有功功率与频率辅助控制[J].电网技术,2012,36(9):182-186.FAN Xinming,GUAN Lin,HE Jianming. Constant active power and frequency auxiliary control for multilevel VSC-HVDC power transmission[J]. Power System Technology,2012,36(9):182-186.
[34]JUNYENT-FERR A,PIPELZADEH Y,GREEN T C. Blending HVDClink energy storage and offshore wind turbine inertia for fast frequency response[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(3):1059-1066.
[35]ADEUYI O D,CHEAH-MANE M,LIANG J,et al. Frequency support from modular multilevel converter based multi-terminal HVDC schemes[C]∥IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2015:1-5.
[36] GUAN M,CHENG J,WANG C,et al. The frequency regulation scheme of interconnected grids with VSC-HVDC links[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(2):864-872.
[2]CLARK H,EDRIS A,EL-GASSEIR M,et al. Softening the blow of disturbances[J]. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine,2008,1(6):30-41.
[3]CLARK H K,EL-GASSEIR M M,EPP H K,et al. The application of segmentation and grid shock absorber concept for reliable power grids[C]∥International Middle-East Power System Conference.Aswan,Egypt:IEEE,2008:34-38.
[4] OOI B T,WANG X. Boost type PWM HVDC transmission system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1991,6(1):1557-1563.
[5]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009:68-72.
[6]徐政.柔性直流输电系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013:20-22.
[7]徐政,陈海荣.电压源换流器型直流输电技术综述[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1):1-10.XU Zheng,CHEN Hairong. Review and applications of VSC HVDC[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(1):1-10.
[8]李岩,罗雨,许树楷,等.柔性直流输电技术:应用、进步与期望[J].南方电网技术,2015,9(1):7-13.LI Yan,LUO Yu,XU Shukai,et al. VSC-HVDC transmission technology:application,advancement and expectation[J]. Southern Power System Technology,2015,9(1):7-13.
[9]乐波,梅念,刘思源,等.柔性直流输电技术综述[J].中国电业(技术版),2014(5):43-47.YUE Bo,MEI Nian,LIU Siyuan,et al. Outview of HVDC flexible[J]. China Electric Power(Technology Edition),2014(5):43-47.
[10]董云龙,凌卫家,田杰,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电控制保护系统[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(7):169-175.DONG Yunlong,LING Weijia,TIAN Jie,et al. Control&protection system for Zhoushan multi-terminal VSC-HVDC[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(7):169-175.
[11]赵成勇,李金丰,李广凯.基于有功和无功独立调节的VSCHVDC控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(9):20-24.ZHAO Chengyong,LI Jinfeng,LI Guangkai. VSC-HVDC control strategy based on respective adjustment of active and reactive power[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(9):20-24.
[12]张少康,李兴源,王渝红. HVDC附加控制策略对频率稳定性的影响研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(19):100-103.ZHANG Shaokang,LI Xingyuan,WANG Yuhong. Research on the effect of HVDC additional control strategy on frequency stability[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(19):100-103.
[13]周密,徐箭,孙元章.多端柔性直流电网平抑风电波动的协调控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(12):29-35.ZHOU Mi,XU Jian,SUN Yuanzhang. Coordinated control restraining wind power fluctuation of VSC-MTDC[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(12):29-35.
[14]KUNDUR P.电力系统稳定与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001:234-240.
[15]STERPU S,TUAN M N. Sharing frequency response between asynchronous electrical systems[C]∥Power&Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE. Calgary,AB,Canada:IEEE,2009:1-6.
[16]MIAO Z,FAN L,OSBORN D,et al. Wind farms with HVDC delivery in inertial response and primary frequency control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2010,25(4):1171-1178.
[17]DAI J,PHULPIN Y,SARLETTE A,et al. Coordinated primary frequency control among non-synchronous systems connected by a multi-terminal high-voltage direct current grid[J]. IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2012,6(2):99-108.
[18]ANDREASSON M,WIGET R,DIMAROGONAS D V,et al. Distributed frequency control through MTDC transmission systems[J].Ifac Papersonline,2015,48(22):106-111.
[19]HARARNEFORS L,JOHANSSON N,ZHANG L. Impact on interarea modes of fast HVDC primary frequency control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(2):1350-1358.
[20]PHULPIN Y. Communication-free inertia and frequency control for wind generators connected by an HVDC-link[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(2):1136-1137.
[21]朱瑞可,王渝红,李兴源,等.用于VSC-HVDC互联系统的附加频率控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(16):81-87.ZHU Ruike,WANG Yuhong,LI Xingyuan,et al. An additional frequency control strategy for interconnected systems through VSCHVDC[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(16):81-87.
[22] RAFFERTY J,XU L,WANG Y,et al. Frequency support using multi-terminal HVDC systems based on DC voltage manipulation[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation,2017,10(9):1393-1401.
[23]鲍正杰,李生虎.基于VSC-HVDC有功支援和自适应低频减载的区域电网频率控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(20):32-37.BAO Zhengjie,LI Shenghu. Frequency control for regional system based on active power support from VSC-HVDC and adaptive under-frequency load shedding[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(20):32-37.
[24] CHAUDHURI N R,CHAUDHURI B. Adaptive droop control for effective power sharing in Multi-Terminal DC(MTDC)grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(1):21-29.
[25]HAILESELASSIE T M,UHLEN K. Primary frequency control of remote grids connected by multi-terminal HVDC[C]∥IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. Providence,RI,USA:IEEE,2010:1-6.
[26]朱瑞可,李兴源,应大力. VSC-MTDC互联系统频率稳定控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2729-2734.ZHU Ruike,LI Xingyuan,YING Dali. A frequency stability control strategy for interconnected VSC-MTDC transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2729-2734.
[27]CHAUDHURI N R,MAIUMDER R,CHAUDHURI B. System frequency spport through Multi-Terminal DC(MTDC)grids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(1):347-356.
[28]郑天文,陈来军,陈天一,等.虚拟同步发电机技术及展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(21):165-175.ZHENG Tianwen,CHEN Laijun,CHEN Tianyi,et al. Review and prospect of virtual synchronous generator technologies[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):165-175.
[29]ZHANG L,HARNEFORS L,NEE H P. Interconnection of two very weak AC systems by VSC-HVDC links using power-synchronization control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(1):344-355.
[30]GUAN M,PAN W,ZHANG J,et al. Synchronous generator emulation control strategy for Voltage Source Converter(VSC)stations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(6):3093-3101.
[31]ZHU J,BOOTH C D,ADAM G P,et al. Inertia emulation control strategy for VSC-HVDC transmission systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1277-1287.
[32]CHAUDHURI N R,MAIUMDER R,CHAUDHURI B. System frequency support through Multi-Terminal DC(MTDC)grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(1):347-356.
[33]范心明,管霖,何健明.多电平柔性直流输电定有功功率与频率辅助控制[J].电网技术,2012,36(9):182-186.FAN Xinming,GUAN Lin,HE Jianming. Constant active power and frequency auxiliary control for multilevel VSC-HVDC power transmission[J]. Power System Technology,2012,36(9):182-186.
[34]JUNYENT-FERR A,PIPELZADEH Y,GREEN T C. Blending HVDClink energy storage and offshore wind turbine inertia for fast frequency response[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(3):1059-1066.
[35]ADEUYI O D,CHEAH-MANE M,LIANG J,et al. Frequency support from modular multilevel converter based multi-terminal HVDC schemes[C]∥IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2015:1-5.
[36] GUAN M,CHENG J,WANG C,et al. The frequency regulation scheme of interconnected grids with VSC-HVDC links[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(2):864-872.