金属铀燃烧机理和气载释放份额研究现状及展望
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摘要
金属铀存在α,β和γ相三种主要晶体结构,其燃点与材料的尺寸和形状有关,并且与表面积成反比。美国DOE-HDBK-3010中给出了金属铀燃烧释放份额的中值和上限值,美国国家核安全局的金属铀燃烧试验结果表明,不同的金属铀晶体结构燃烧的释放份额之间存在量级差别。通过分析金属铀的特性及其燃烧机理,以及国外关于金属铀燃烧的相关试验,提出今后开展金属铀燃烧气载释放份额研究需要关注的要点。
There are three main crystal structures of uranium. The ignition point is related to the size and shape of the material and is inversely proportional to the surface area. The median and upper limit values of airborne release fraction of the uranium combustion are given in DOE-HDBK-3010. The uranium combustion test results of the US National Nuclear Safety Administration show that there is a difference in the magnitude of the airborne release fraction between uranium crystal structures. This paper analyzes the characteristics of metal uranium and its combustion mechanism,as well as related experiments on uranium metal combustion,and points out the key points that need to be paid attention in the future to carry out the research on the airborne release fraction of uranium combustion.
There are three main crystal structures of uranium. The ignition point is related to the size and shape of the material and is inversely proportional to the surface area. The median and upper limit values of airborne release fraction of the uranium combustion are given in DOE-HDBK-3010. The uranium combustion test results of the US National Nuclear Safety Administration show that there is a difference in the magnitude of the airborne release fraction between uranium crystal structures. This paper analyzes the characteristics of metal uranium and its combustion mechanism,as well as related experiments on uranium metal combustion,and points out the key points that need to be paid attention in the future to carry out the research on the airborne release fraction of uranium combustion.
引文
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[2]岳永超,李明华,冀楠,等.贫铀的体内外毒性及流行病学研究进展[J].现代生物医学进展,2018,18(14):2784-2787.
[3]潘伟,李杰,廉冰,等.用于六氟化铀泄漏事故后果评估的化学物质推荐限值[J].辐射防护,2017,37(3):230-234.
[4]刘玉龙,李明华,孙晓亮,等.贫铀的毒性及解毒促排药物研究进展[J].解放军药学学报,2014,30(5):454-458.
[5]刘广东.铀表面预处理对氧吸附特性影响的第一性原理研究[D].湖南:湖南大学,2018.
[6]张慧杰.金属铀的结构、电子、力学和热力学性质的第一性原理研究[D].山西:山西大学,2017.
[7]白云林.国外铀~(238)合金穿甲弹及铀~(238)合金性能简介[J].金属材料与热加工工艺,1978(2):62-73.
[8]Baker,l. Jr.,J. G. Schnizlein,and J. D. Bingle.“The Ignition of Uranium”[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials,1966,20:22-38.
[9]Coleman,L. F and L. C. Schwendiman,,August1962. Particles Generated During the Air Oxidation of Uranium,HW-SA-2641,Hanford Laboratory,Richland,WA 99352[S].
[10] Science Applications International Corporation.NUREG/CR-6410 Nuclear fuel cycle facility accident analysis handbook[S]. Washington D. C.:U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,1998.
[11]U. S. Department of Energy. DOE-HDBK-3010-94 Airborne release fractions/rates and respirable fractions for nonreactor nuclear facilities[S]. Washington D. C.:U. S. Department of Energy,1994.
[12]Clark D K. Characterization of Respirable Uranium Aerosols from Various Uranium Alloys in Fire Events[J]. Aerosol Science&Technology,2015,49(3):188-195.