施氮对设施栽培金针菜产量、品质和钾吸收利用的影响
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摘要
[目的]明确施氮对设施栽培金针菜产量、品质和钾吸收利用的影响,为设施栽培金针菜的养分管理提供理论依据。[方法]以金针菜'大乌嘴'为试验材料,于2015—2017年在江苏省宿迁市丁嘴镇江苏省农业科学院金针菜试验基地进行了田间试验。设5个施氮量处理(N0、50、100、150和200 kg/hm~2,以N0、N50、N100、N150、N200表示)。在返青期、抽薹期和现蕾期采样分析了金针菜产量、品质和钾的吸收利用。[结果]增施氮肥提高了金针菜不同生育阶段的钾吸收量,以抽薹到现蕾期钾吸收量增量最大。与N0相比,N50、N100、N150和N200处理下的钾吸收量分别增加21.0%、67.6%、86.0%和103.8%,处理间差异达到显著水平。施氮改变了不同生育时段的钾吸收比例,使返青到抽薹期的钾吸收比例降低,抽薹到现蕾期的钾吸收比例升高,其中N200处理下效果最显著。增施氮肥降低了现蕾期生育后期钾浓度的下降速率,其中,N0、N50、N100、N150和N200处理下表示钾浓度降低趋势的b值分别为0.0051、0.0048、0.0045、0.0044和0.0042。随施氮量增加,钾吸收的边际效应呈先升高后降低趋势,而钾的生产效率呈直线降低趋势。N100、N150处理的金针菜积累的干物质和钾量在花蕾中的分配比例较高,钾浓度和钾累积量动态特征参数比较协调,利于产量形成,且Vc、氨基酸、可溶性糖、黄酮和多酚含量相对较高;N200kg/hm~2处理导致金针菜产量增幅下降,氮素钾吸收边际效应和钾的生产效率降低,但秋水仙碱含量最高;低于N 100 kg/hm~2时,干物质和钾的总吸收量及经济系数较低,不利于高产形成。[结论]供试条件下,施用氮肥N 100～150 kg/hm~2可减缓金针菜生育期后期钾吸收的下降,提高钾吸收边际效应、钾的生产效率和金针菜的品质。
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nitrogen(N) application rate on yield, quality, potassium(K) uptake and utilization of daylily(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) in protected cultivation, to provide theoretical support for nutrient management techniques in protected cultivation.[Methods ]Experiments were conducted from 2015 to 2017 at the daylily experimental station of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Dingzui Town, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province). The daylily cultivar used in the experiment was 'Dawuzui'. Five application rates of N 0, 50,100,150 and 200 kg/hm2(expressed as N0,N50, N100, N150, N200) were designed. The yield,quality,K uptake and utilization of daylily were analyzed at the re-greening,bolting and budding stages.[Results ]The N application increased the K uptake at all growth stages, and the largest increment occurred during bolting to budding stage. Compared to N0, the K uptake with N50, N100, N150 and N200 treatments significantly increased by 21.0%, 67.6%, 86.0% and 103.8%, respectively.Nitrogen application also changed the ratio of K uptake at the monitoring stages. The ratio of K uptake decreased from re-greening to bolting stage, while increased from bolting to budding stage, and N200 showed the most significant effect among the treatments. Increase of N application rate alleviated the K decrease rate at budding stage, the b values obtained in the treatments of N50, N100, N150 and N200 were 0.0051, 0.0048, 0.0045, 0.0044 and 0.0042, respectively. As the N application rate increased, the marginal effect of K uptake(i.e. increased amount of K uptake by 1 kg increase of N application) increased first and then decreased, and the daylily production efficiency of K descended steadily. In the treatments of N100 and N150, the daylily dry matter accumulation was high and more K was allocated to the reproductive organs, and the dynamic characteristic parameters of K concentration and accumulation were more optimized, which was beneficial for the yield formation and higher contents of vitamin C, amino acids, soluble sugars, flavones, and polyphenols. In the treatment of N150, the marginal effect of K uptake and production efficiency decreased, while the content of colchicine reached the highest. In treatments NO and N50, the yields reduced, and K accumulation and economic coefficient of biomass of daylily decreased significantly,compared with other treatments.[Conclusions]Under the tested condition, nitrogen application rate of 100-150 kg/hm2 could promote the accumulation and transport of K, alleviate the decrease rate of K uptake in the later growth stage of daylily, thus beneficial to the formation of yield and quality related compounds as result.
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nitrogen(N) application rate on yield, quality, potassium(K) uptake and utilization of daylily(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) in protected cultivation, to provide theoretical support for nutrient management techniques in protected cultivation.[Methods ]Experiments were conducted from 2015 to 2017 at the daylily experimental station of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Dingzui Town, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province). The daylily cultivar used in the experiment was 'Dawuzui'. Five application rates of N 0, 50,100,150 and 200 kg/hm2(expressed as N0,N50, N100, N150, N200) were designed. The yield,quality,K uptake and utilization of daylily were analyzed at the re-greening,bolting and budding stages.[Results ]The N application increased the K uptake at all growth stages, and the largest increment occurred during bolting to budding stage. Compared to N0, the K uptake with N50, N100, N150 and N200 treatments significantly increased by 21.0%, 67.6%, 86.0% and 103.8%, respectively.Nitrogen application also changed the ratio of K uptake at the monitoring stages. The ratio of K uptake decreased from re-greening to bolting stage, while increased from bolting to budding stage, and N200 showed the most significant effect among the treatments. Increase of N application rate alleviated the K decrease rate at budding stage, the b values obtained in the treatments of N50, N100, N150 and N200 were 0.0051, 0.0048, 0.0045, 0.0044 and 0.0042, respectively. As the N application rate increased, the marginal effect of K uptake(i.e. increased amount of K uptake by 1 kg increase of N application) increased first and then decreased, and the daylily production efficiency of K descended steadily. In the treatments of N100 and N150, the daylily dry matter accumulation was high and more K was allocated to the reproductive organs, and the dynamic characteristic parameters of K concentration and accumulation were more optimized, which was beneficial for the yield formation and higher contents of vitamin C, amino acids, soluble sugars, flavones, and polyphenols. In the treatment of N150, the marginal effect of K uptake and production efficiency decreased, while the content of colchicine reached the highest. In treatments NO and N50, the yields reduced, and K accumulation and economic coefficient of biomass of daylily decreased significantly,compared with other treatments.[Conclusions]Under the tested condition, nitrogen application rate of 100-150 kg/hm2 could promote the accumulation and transport of K, alleviate the decrease rate of K uptake in the later growth stage of daylily, thus beneficial to the formation of yield and quality related compounds as result.
引文
[1]丁新天,朱静坚,丁丽玲,等.大棚黄花菜生长特点及优质高效栽培技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2004, 20(1):83-85.Ding X T, Zhu J J, Ding L L, et al. Study of growth characteristics and high quality and efficient cultivation technology of greenhouse daylily[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2004, 20(1):83-85.
[2]段金省,李宗,周忠文.保护地栽培对黄花菜生长发育的影响[J].中国农业气象,2008, 29(2):184-187.Duan J S, Li Z Y, Zhou Z W. Influence of protected cultivation on growth and development of citron daylily(Hemerocallis citrina)[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2008, 29(2):184-187.
[3] Dong H Z, Kong X Q, Li W J, et al. Effects of plant density and nitrogen and potassium fertilization on cotton yield and uptake of major nutrients in two fields with varying fertility[J]. Field Crops Research, 2010, 119(1):106-113.
[4] Reid J B, Trolove S N, Tan Y, et al. Nitrogen or potassium preconditioning affects uptake of both nitrate and potassium in young wheat(Triticumaestivum)[J]. Annals of Applied Biology, 2016,168(1):66-80.
[5]Hu W, Lu X, Yang J, et al. Effects of potassium deficiency on antioxidant metabolism related to leaf senescence in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum, L.)[J]. Field Crops Research, 2016, 191:139-149.
[6]汪顺义,刘庆,史衍玺,等.氮钾配施对甘薯光合产物积累及分配的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017, 50(14):2706-2716.Wang S Y, Liu Q, Shi Y X, et al. Interactive effects of nitrogen and potassium on photosynthesis product distribution and accumulation of sweet potato[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(14):2706-2716.
[7]何萍,金继运.氮钾营养对春玉米叶片衰老过程中激素变化与活性氧代谢的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999, 5(4):289-296.He P, Jin J Y. Effect of N and K nutrition on changes of endogenous hormone and metabolism of active oxygen during leaf senescence in spring maize[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 1999, 5(4):289-296.
[8]Overman A R, Sanderson M A, Jones R M. Logistic response of bermudagrass and bunchgrass cultivars to applied nitrogen[J].Agronomy Journal,1993, 85:541-545.
[9]孙向丽,张启翔.一品红生物量及对水分、养分吸收利用的变化规律[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1191-1200.Sun X L, Zhang Q X. Study on the biomass and regularity of absorption and utilization of water and nutrition in Euphorbia pulcherrima[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(6):1191-1200.
[10]周玲玲,张黎杰,姜若勇.设施和露地栽培对金针菜产量和品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,2017, 33(3):105-108.Zhou L L, Zhang L J, Jiang R Y. Effects of protected and open cultivations on yield and quality of daylily[J]. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2017, 33(3):105-108.
[11]张国伟,杨长琴,刘瑞显,等.施氮量对麦后直播棉钾素吸收利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016, 27(10):3228-3236.Zhang G W, Yang C Q, Liu R X, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate on potassium uptake and utilization of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(10):3228-3236.
[12]李合生,孙群,赵世杰,等.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000. 66-218Li H S, Sun Q, Zhao S J, et al. The experiment principle and technique on plant physiology and biochemistry[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2000. 66-218.
[13]何书美,刘敬兰.茶叶中总黄酮含量测定方法的研究[J].分析化学,2007, 35(9):1365-1368.He S M, Liu J L. Study on the determination method of flavone content in tea[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2007,35(9):1365-1368.
[14] Liu H, Cao J, Jiang W. Evaluation and comparison of vitamin C,phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties and metal chelating activity of pulp and peel from selected peach cultivars[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2015, 63:1042-1048.
[15] Al-Fayyad M, Alali F, Alkofahi A, et al. Determination of colchicine content in Colchicum hierosolymitanum and Colchicum tunicatum under cultivation[J]. Natural Product Letters, 2002, 16:395-400.
[16]邹芳刚,郭文琦,王友华,等.施氮量对长江流域滨海盐土棉花氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015, 21(5):1150-1158.Zou F G, Guo W Q, Wang Y H, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate on the nitrogen uptake and utilization of cotton grown in coastal saline fields of Yangtze River Valley[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(5):1150-1158.
[17]赵晓玲.庆阳金针菜优势产区区划及配套栽培技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2005.Zhao X L. Study on the advantageous regional planning and planting technology of common yellow daylily in Qingyang City[D].Yangling:MS Thesis of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2005
[18]付开聪,许明,杨礼攀.氮、磷、钾对嘉兰植株生长和秋水仙碱含量的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2000, 25(3):144-145.Fu K C, Xu M, Yang L P. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on plant growth and colchicine content in Jialan[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2000, 25(3):144-145.
[19]臧小云,刘丽萍,蔡庆生.不同供氮水平对荞麦茎叶中黄酮含量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2006, 29(3):28-32.Zang X Y, Liu L P, Cai Q S. Effect of nitrogen supply on flavone and rutin accumulation in stems and leaves of common buckwheat(Fagopyrumes culentum Moench)[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2006, 29(3):28-32.
[20]卢丽兰,杨新全,王彩霞,等.不同硝铵比氮素供应对广藿香生长及药效成分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017, 23(5):1314-1325.Lu L L, Yang X Q, Wang C X, et al. Effects of nitrogen supply with different NO3-/NH4+ratios on growth and medicinal components of Pogostemon cablin[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2017,23(5):1314-1325.
[21]邹芳刚,张国伟,王友华,等.施氮量对滨海改良盐土棉花钾累积利用的影响[J].作物学报,2015,(1):80-88.Zou F G, Zhang G W, Wang Y H, et al. Effect of nitrogen application amounts on uptake and utilization of potassium in cotton grown in improved coastal saline land regions[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2015,(1):80-88.
[22]井涛,樊明寿,周登博,等.滴灌施氮对高垄覆膜马铃薯产量、氮素吸收及土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):654-661.Jing T, Fan M S, Zhou D B, et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on potato tuber yield, N uptake and soil NO3--N accumulation under plastic mulching with drip irrigation[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(3):654-661.
[23]李伶俐,房卫平,谢德意,等.施氮量对杂交棉干物质积累、分配和氮磷钾吸收、分配与利用的影响[J].棉花学报,2010, 22(4):347-353.Li L L, Fang W P, Xie D Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation and N, P, K uptake and distribution in different organs and utilization of hybrid cotton under high-yield cultivated condition[J]. Cotton Science, 2010, 22(4):347-353.
[2]段金省,李宗,周忠文.保护地栽培对黄花菜生长发育的影响[J].中国农业气象,2008, 29(2):184-187.Duan J S, Li Z Y, Zhou Z W. Influence of protected cultivation on growth and development of citron daylily(Hemerocallis citrina)[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2008, 29(2):184-187.
[3] Dong H Z, Kong X Q, Li W J, et al. Effects of plant density and nitrogen and potassium fertilization on cotton yield and uptake of major nutrients in two fields with varying fertility[J]. Field Crops Research, 2010, 119(1):106-113.
[4] Reid J B, Trolove S N, Tan Y, et al. Nitrogen or potassium preconditioning affects uptake of both nitrate and potassium in young wheat(Triticumaestivum)[J]. Annals of Applied Biology, 2016,168(1):66-80.
[5]Hu W, Lu X, Yang J, et al. Effects of potassium deficiency on antioxidant metabolism related to leaf senescence in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum, L.)[J]. Field Crops Research, 2016, 191:139-149.
[6]汪顺义,刘庆,史衍玺,等.氮钾配施对甘薯光合产物积累及分配的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017, 50(14):2706-2716.Wang S Y, Liu Q, Shi Y X, et al. Interactive effects of nitrogen and potassium on photosynthesis product distribution and accumulation of sweet potato[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(14):2706-2716.
[7]何萍,金继运.氮钾营养对春玉米叶片衰老过程中激素变化与活性氧代谢的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999, 5(4):289-296.He P, Jin J Y. Effect of N and K nutrition on changes of endogenous hormone and metabolism of active oxygen during leaf senescence in spring maize[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 1999, 5(4):289-296.
[8]Overman A R, Sanderson M A, Jones R M. Logistic response of bermudagrass and bunchgrass cultivars to applied nitrogen[J].Agronomy Journal,1993, 85:541-545.
[9]孙向丽,张启翔.一品红生物量及对水分、养分吸收利用的变化规律[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1191-1200.Sun X L, Zhang Q X. Study on the biomass and regularity of absorption and utilization of water and nutrition in Euphorbia pulcherrima[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(6):1191-1200.
[10]周玲玲,张黎杰,姜若勇.设施和露地栽培对金针菜产量和品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,2017, 33(3):105-108.Zhou L L, Zhang L J, Jiang R Y. Effects of protected and open cultivations on yield and quality of daylily[J]. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2017, 33(3):105-108.
[11]张国伟,杨长琴,刘瑞显,等.施氮量对麦后直播棉钾素吸收利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016, 27(10):3228-3236.Zhang G W, Yang C Q, Liu R X, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate on potassium uptake and utilization of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(10):3228-3236.
[12]李合生,孙群,赵世杰,等.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000. 66-218Li H S, Sun Q, Zhao S J, et al. The experiment principle and technique on plant physiology and biochemistry[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2000. 66-218.
[13]何书美,刘敬兰.茶叶中总黄酮含量测定方法的研究[J].分析化学,2007, 35(9):1365-1368.He S M, Liu J L. Study on the determination method of flavone content in tea[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2007,35(9):1365-1368.
[14] Liu H, Cao J, Jiang W. Evaluation and comparison of vitamin C,phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties and metal chelating activity of pulp and peel from selected peach cultivars[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2015, 63:1042-1048.
[15] Al-Fayyad M, Alali F, Alkofahi A, et al. Determination of colchicine content in Colchicum hierosolymitanum and Colchicum tunicatum under cultivation[J]. Natural Product Letters, 2002, 16:395-400.
[16]邹芳刚,郭文琦,王友华,等.施氮量对长江流域滨海盐土棉花氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015, 21(5):1150-1158.Zou F G, Guo W Q, Wang Y H, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate on the nitrogen uptake and utilization of cotton grown in coastal saline fields of Yangtze River Valley[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(5):1150-1158.
[17]赵晓玲.庆阳金针菜优势产区区划及配套栽培技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2005.Zhao X L. Study on the advantageous regional planning and planting technology of common yellow daylily in Qingyang City[D].Yangling:MS Thesis of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2005
[18]付开聪,许明,杨礼攀.氮、磷、钾对嘉兰植株生长和秋水仙碱含量的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2000, 25(3):144-145.Fu K C, Xu M, Yang L P. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on plant growth and colchicine content in Jialan[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2000, 25(3):144-145.
[19]臧小云,刘丽萍,蔡庆生.不同供氮水平对荞麦茎叶中黄酮含量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2006, 29(3):28-32.Zang X Y, Liu L P, Cai Q S. Effect of nitrogen supply on flavone and rutin accumulation in stems and leaves of common buckwheat(Fagopyrumes culentum Moench)[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2006, 29(3):28-32.
[20]卢丽兰,杨新全,王彩霞,等.不同硝铵比氮素供应对广藿香生长及药效成分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017, 23(5):1314-1325.Lu L L, Yang X Q, Wang C X, et al. Effects of nitrogen supply with different NO3-/NH4+ratios on growth and medicinal components of Pogostemon cablin[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2017,23(5):1314-1325.
[21]邹芳刚,张国伟,王友华,等.施氮量对滨海改良盐土棉花钾累积利用的影响[J].作物学报,2015,(1):80-88.Zou F G, Zhang G W, Wang Y H, et al. Effect of nitrogen application amounts on uptake and utilization of potassium in cotton grown in improved coastal saline land regions[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2015,(1):80-88.
[22]井涛,樊明寿,周登博,等.滴灌施氮对高垄覆膜马铃薯产量、氮素吸收及土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):654-661.Jing T, Fan M S, Zhou D B, et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on potato tuber yield, N uptake and soil NO3--N accumulation under plastic mulching with drip irrigation[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(3):654-661.
[23]李伶俐,房卫平,谢德意,等.施氮量对杂交棉干物质积累、分配和氮磷钾吸收、分配与利用的影响[J].棉花学报,2010, 22(4):347-353.Li L L, Fang W P, Xie D Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation and N, P, K uptake and distribution in different organs and utilization of hybrid cotton under high-yield cultivated condition[J]. Cotton Science, 2010, 22(4):347-353.