特质性调节定向、感知机会创新性与创业意图
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摘要
创业意图是预测创业行为的最好指标,但现有研究更多的考察个人因素和环境因素对创业意图的影响,忽略了创业机会的性质对创业意图的影响。基于个人因素和机会因素整合的视角,构建了特质性调节定向、感知机会创新性与创业意图之间的关系模型,探讨了感知机会创新性对创业意图的影响及作用机制,以及调节定向在其间的调节作用。研究结果表明:(1)感知机会创新性与创业意图呈正相关;(2)创业者特质性促进定向正向调节感知机会创新性和创业意图之间的关系;(2)创业者特质性防御定向负向调节感知机会创新性和创业意图之间的关系。研究结论从新的研究视角丰富了创业意图研究,有助于探寻感知机会创新性转化为创业意愿的有效途径,对创业政策的制定有引导作用。
Entrepreneurial intention is the best indicator for predicting entrepreneurial behaviors. The researchers with different academic backgrounds have different perspectives on entrepreneurial intention. Based on an integrated perspective of personal factor and opportunity factor,this paper discusses the influence and mechanism among perceived innovation of opportunity,chronically regulatory focus and entrepreneurial intention. The results show that:(1) perceived innovation of opportunities is positively correlated with entrepreneurial intention;(2) the chronical promotion focus strengthens the positive relation between perceived innovation of opportunities and entrepreneurial intention,which means in terms of the strong promotion focus,the higher newness of opportunity will be more likely to stimulate entrepreneurial intention;(3) the chronical prevention focus weakens the positive relation between perception on innovation of opportunities and entrepreneurial intention. This paper further enriches regulatory focus theory and the relevant researches about entrepreneurial intention,and it helps to explore the effective ways to transfer opportunities for innovation into entrepreneurial intention.What's more,it plays a guiding role in the formulation of entrepreneurship policy.
Entrepreneurial intention is the best indicator for predicting entrepreneurial behaviors. The researchers with different academic backgrounds have different perspectives on entrepreneurial intention. Based on an integrated perspective of personal factor and opportunity factor,this paper discusses the influence and mechanism among perceived innovation of opportunity,chronically regulatory focus and entrepreneurial intention. The results show that:(1) perceived innovation of opportunities is positively correlated with entrepreneurial intention;(2) the chronical promotion focus strengthens the positive relation between perceived innovation of opportunities and entrepreneurial intention,which means in terms of the strong promotion focus,the higher newness of opportunity will be more likely to stimulate entrepreneurial intention;(3) the chronical prevention focus weakens the positive relation between perception on innovation of opportunities and entrepreneurial intention. This paper further enriches regulatory focus theory and the relevant researches about entrepreneurial intention,and it helps to explore the effective ways to transfer opportunities for innovation into entrepreneurial intention.What's more,it plays a guiding role in the formulation of entrepreneurship policy.
引文
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[13]罗勇,周庭锐,唐小飞.产品创新性对消费者情境性调节定向的影响研究[J].预测,2013,32(2):12-17.
[14]李根强.伦理型领导、组织认同与员工亲组织非伦理行为:特质调节焦点的调节作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(12):125-135.
[15]孙永磊,宋晶,谢永平.调节定向对创新网络惯例的影响——基于组织间信任的情景分析[J].科研管理,2016,37(8):1-7.
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[17]段锦云,孙建群,简丹丹,等.创业特征框架对创业意向的影响——创业认知的视角[J].南开管理评论,2016,19(5):182-192.
[18] Gamache D L,McNamara G,Mannor M J,et al. Motivated to acquire? The impact of ceo regulatory focus on firm acquisitions[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2015. 58(4):1261-1282.
[19] McMullen J S,Kier A. Trapped by the entrepreneurial mindset:Opportunity seeking and escalation of commitment in the Mount Everest disaster[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2016,31(6):663-686.
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[22]陈寒松,陈宣雨,林晨.创业学习与创业意向的关系:社会网络与创业自我效能感的作用[J].经济与管理评论,2017,(5):28-33.
[23]鲁喜凤.机会创新性、知识获取对企业绩效的影响研究——以科技型企业为例[J].情报科学,2017,(5):160-164.
[24] Bird B. Implementing entrepreneurial ideas:The case for intention[J]. Academy of Management Review,1988,21(3):442-453.
[25]范巍,王重鸣.创业意向维度结构的验证性因素分析[J].人类工效学,2006,12(1):14-16.
[26]梁祺,张纯.社会网络影响个体创业意图的传导机制研究[J].管理评论,2017,29(4):59-67.
[27]龙丹,张玉利,李姚矿.经验与机会创新性交互作用下的新企业生成研究[J].管理科学,2013,(5):1-10.
[28]郭骁.创业机会属性对创新绩效的影响:三种领导方式的交互作用比较[J].理论月刊,2011,33(6):85-89.
[29]郭骁.创业机会的创新性、员工心理授权与企业绩效的实证研究[J].上海管理科学,2011,33(2):72-77.
[30]梅德强,龙勇.不确定性环境下创业能力与创新类型关系研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(9):1413-1421.
[31]姚琦,马华维,乐国安.期望与绩效的关系:调节定向的调节作用[J].心理学报,2010,42(6):704-714.
[32] Dimov D. From opportunity insight to opportunity intention:The importance of person-situation learning match[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2007,31(4):561-583.
[2] Eckhardt J T,Shane S A. Opportunities and entrepreneurship[J]. Journal of Management,2003,29(3):333-349.
[3]张玉利,杨俊,任兵.社会资本、先前经验与创业机会——一个交互效应模型及其启示[J].管理世界,2008,(7):91-102.
[4] Shane S,Venkataraman S. The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research[J]. Academy of Management Review,2000,25(1):217-226.
[5]林嵩,张帏,邱琼.创业过程的研究评述及发展动向[J].南开管理评论,2004,7(3):47-50.
[6]刘万利,胡培,许昆鹏.创业机会真能促进创业意愿产生吗——基于创业自我效能与感知风险的混合效应研究[J].南开管理评论,2011,14(5):83-90.
[7] Higgins E T,Friedman R S,Harlow R E,et al. Achievement orientations from subjective histories of success:Promotion pride versus prevention pride[J]. European Journal of Social Psychology,2001,31(1):3-23.
[8] Fitzsimmons J R,Douglas E J. Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(4):431-440.
[9] Tumasjan A,Braun R. In the eye of the beholder:How regulatory focus and self-efficacy interact in influencing opportunity recognition[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing,2012,27(6):622-636.
[10] Burmeister-Lamp K,Lévesque M,Schade C. Are entrepreneurs influenced by risk attitude,regulatory focus or both? An experiment on entrepreneurs'time allocation[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2012,27(4):456-476.
[11] Brockner J,Higgins E T,Low M B. Regulatory focus theory and the entrepreneurial process[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2004,19(2):203-220.
[12]李磊,尚玉钒,席酉民.基于调节焦点理论的领导对下属影响机制研究[J].外国经济与管理,2010,32(7):49-56.
[13]罗勇,周庭锐,唐小飞.产品创新性对消费者情境性调节定向的影响研究[J].预测,2013,32(2):12-17.
[14]李根强.伦理型领导、组织认同与员工亲组织非伦理行为:特质调节焦点的调节作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(12):125-135.
[15]孙永磊,宋晶,谢永平.调节定向对创新网络惯例的影响——基于组织间信任的情景分析[J].科研管理,2016,37(8):1-7.
[16]宋成程.调节焦点、先验知识对创业机会识别的影响机制研究[D].浙江大学,2016.
[17]段锦云,孙建群,简丹丹,等.创业特征框架对创业意向的影响——创业认知的视角[J].南开管理评论,2016,19(5):182-192.
[18] Gamache D L,McNamara G,Mannor M J,et al. Motivated to acquire? The impact of ceo regulatory focus on firm acquisitions[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2015. 58(4):1261-1282.
[19] McMullen J S,Kier A. Trapped by the entrepreneurial mindset:Opportunity seeking and escalation of commitment in the Mount Everest disaster[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2016,31(6):663-686.
[20] Sarasvathy S D. Entrepreneurship as a science of the artificial[J]. Journal of Economic Psychology,2003,24(2):203-220.
[21]郭红东,丁高洁.关系网络、机会创新性与农民创业绩效[J].中国农村经济,2013,(8):78-87.
[22]陈寒松,陈宣雨,林晨.创业学习与创业意向的关系:社会网络与创业自我效能感的作用[J].经济与管理评论,2017,(5):28-33.
[23]鲁喜凤.机会创新性、知识获取对企业绩效的影响研究——以科技型企业为例[J].情报科学,2017,(5):160-164.
[24] Bird B. Implementing entrepreneurial ideas:The case for intention[J]. Academy of Management Review,1988,21(3):442-453.
[25]范巍,王重鸣.创业意向维度结构的验证性因素分析[J].人类工效学,2006,12(1):14-16.
[26]梁祺,张纯.社会网络影响个体创业意图的传导机制研究[J].管理评论,2017,29(4):59-67.
[27]龙丹,张玉利,李姚矿.经验与机会创新性交互作用下的新企业生成研究[J].管理科学,2013,(5):1-10.
[28]郭骁.创业机会属性对创新绩效的影响:三种领导方式的交互作用比较[J].理论月刊,2011,33(6):85-89.
[29]郭骁.创业机会的创新性、员工心理授权与企业绩效的实证研究[J].上海管理科学,2011,33(2):72-77.
[30]梅德强,龙勇.不确定性环境下创业能力与创新类型关系研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(9):1413-1421.
[31]姚琦,马华维,乐国安.期望与绩效的关系:调节定向的调节作用[J].心理学报,2010,42(6):704-714.
[32] Dimov D. From opportunity insight to opportunity intention:The importance of person-situation learning match[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2007,31(4):561-583.
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