烤烟上部鲜烟叶多糖的结构及保润性能
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摘要
为研究烤烟上部烟叶多糖的结构和保润性能,用碱提法提取大田烤烟上部鲜烟叶多糖并精制后,分别采用HPLC法测定其单糖组分、FTIR法对其官能团进一步表征、SEC/MALLS/RI法测定多糖的分子量及构象,并研究了多糖的热裂解产物和保润性能。结果表明:(1)烟叶多糖为由42.91%葡萄糖醛酸、8.89%葡萄糖、32.31%甘露糖和15.89%阿拉伯糖组成的酸性杂多糖;为酸性β-吡喃糖。(2)烟叶多糖的重均分子量为6.587×104;多分散系数MW/Mn为1.557,均方根旋转半径与重均分子量双对数模型中的α值为0.279,表明多糖分子量分布较为均一,在水溶液中为球形并高度分支的构象。(3)烟叶多糖在600℃和900℃下的裂解产物分别有17和21种。(4)烟叶多糖具有一定的保润性,其效果低于丙二醇。
In order to investigate the structure and moisture retentivity of polysaccharides in fresh upper leaf of flue-cured tobacco, the polysaccharides in fresh upper leaves sampled from tobacco fields were extracted by alkali extraction method and purified. The monosaccharide composition was determined by HPLC, and functional group was characterized by FTIR. The molecular weight and conformation of the polysaccharides were determined by SEC/MALLS/RI, and the pyrolysis products and moisture retentivity were studied. The results showed that: 1) The polysaccharides were composed of 42.91% glucuronic acid, 8.89% glucose, 32.31%mannose and 15.89% arabinose, and they were acidic β-pyranose. 2) The average molecular weight of tobacco polysaccharides was 6.587 × 104, and the polydispersity coefficient MW/Mn was 1.557, and the α value for the double logarithm model of root mean square(RMS) radius of gyration was 0.279, which indicated that the molecular weight distribution of the polysaccharides was relatively homogeneous with spherical and highly branched conformation in aqueous solution. 3) The numbers of pyrolysis products of polysaccharides were identified to be 17 and 21 at 600 ℃ and 900 ℃, respectively. 4) The polysaccharides in tobacco leaf had a certain moisture retentivity, however their retention effect was lower than that of propylene glycol.
In order to investigate the structure and moisture retentivity of polysaccharides in fresh upper leaf of flue-cured tobacco, the polysaccharides in fresh upper leaves sampled from tobacco fields were extracted by alkali extraction method and purified. The monosaccharide composition was determined by HPLC, and functional group was characterized by FTIR. The molecular weight and conformation of the polysaccharides were determined by SEC/MALLS/RI, and the pyrolysis products and moisture retentivity were studied. The results showed that: 1) The polysaccharides were composed of 42.91% glucuronic acid, 8.89% glucose, 32.31%mannose and 15.89% arabinose, and they were acidic β-pyranose. 2) The average molecular weight of tobacco polysaccharides was 6.587 × 104, and the polydispersity coefficient MW/Mn was 1.557, and the α value for the double logarithm model of root mean square(RMS) radius of gyration was 0.279, which indicated that the molecular weight distribution of the polysaccharides was relatively homogeneous with spherical and highly branched conformation in aqueous solution. 3) The numbers of pyrolysis products of polysaccharides were identified to be 17 and 21 at 600 ℃ and 900 ℃, respectively. 4) The polysaccharides in tobacco leaf had a certain moisture retentivity, however their retention effect was lower than that of propylene glycol.
引文
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[18]许春平,杨琛琛,郝辉,等.香料烟烟叶多糖的热裂解产物研究[J].轻工科技,2014(8):18-21.XU Chunping,YANG Chenchen,HAO Hui,et al.Study on the pyrolysis products of oriental tobacco polysaccharide[J].Light Industry Science and Technology,2014(8):18-21.
[19]Kiho T,Sakushima M,Wang S R,et al.Polysaccharides in fungi.XXVI.Two branched(1-3)-β-D-glucans from hot water extract of Yuěr[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin.1991,39(3):798-800.
[20]李盛,许淑琴,张俐娜.菌类多糖链构象及其表征方法研究进展[J].高分子学报,2010(12):1359-1375.LI Sheng,XU Shuqin,ZHANG Lina.Advances in conformations and characterizations of fungi polysaccharides[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2010(12):1359-1375.
[2]董占能,白聚川,张皓东.烟草废弃物资源化[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(1):39-42.DONG Zhanneng,BAI Juchuan,ZHANG Haodong.Comprehensive utilization of tobacco waste[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2008,29(1):39-42.
[3]张发明,杨虹琦,何伟,等.不同品种烤烟烟叶调制前后理化特性分析[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(1):30-33.ZHANG Faming,YANG Hongqi,HE Wei,et al.Physicochemical characteristics of tobacco leaves before and after flue-curing from different tobacco cultivars[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2010,36(1):30-33.
[4]刘燮,罗健,张燕,等.正交法优化废次烟叶中水溶性多糖提取工艺[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(32):175-177.LIU Xie,LUO Jian,ZHANG Yan,et al.Optimization of polysaccharides extraction process from discarded tobacco leaves by orthogonal experiment[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(32):175-177.
[5]舒俊生,田振峰,陈开波,等.烟叶中多糖的分离及单糖组成[J].食品与机械,2013,29(3):34-36.SHU Junsheng,TIAN Zhenfeng,CHEN Kaibo,et al.Isolation of tobacco leaf polysaccharides and its monosaccharides composition analysis[J].Food&Machinery,2013,29(3):34-36.
[6]许春平,杨琛琛,王铮,等.低次烟叶多糖的提取及生物活性分析[J].烟草科技,2013(11):52-55.XU Chunping,YANG Chenchen,WANG Zheng,et al.Extraction and biological activity analysis of polysaccharides from low grade tobacco[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013(11):52-55.
[7]XU Chunping,YANG Chenchen,MAO Duobin.Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Pharmacognosy Magazine,2014,10(37):66-69.
[8]宫长荣.烟草调制学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:154-175.
[9]陶红,于立梅,郭文,等.柚皮多糖在不同烟叶载体上保润特性的变化[J].现代食品科技,2014,30(2):84-88.TAO Hong,YU Limei,GUO Wen,et al.Moisturizing change of polysaccharide from pomelo peel on different tobacco carriers[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2014,30(2):84-88.
[10]黄芳芳,蒋健,李雪青,等.卤地菊多糖超声波提取工艺技术及其卷烟保润性[J].烟草科技,2014(2):44-48.HUANG Fangfang,JIANG Jian,LI Xueqing,et al.Ultrasonic extraction technique for polysaccharide from Wedelia prostrate and moisture retentivity of polysaccharide in cigarettes[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2014(2):44-48.
[11]邢占厂.茶树菇多糖作为烟草保润剂的研究[D].昆明:云南大学,2014.XING Zhanchang.Study on the Agrocybe aegerita polysaccharide as cigarette humectant[D].Kunming:Yunnan University,2014.
[12]李跃平,徐兴阳,高福宏,等.烤烟成熟鲜烟叶10种化学成分受海拔与叶位的影响研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(5):1620-1624.LI Yueping,XU Xingyang,GAO Fuhong,et al.Study on 10 chemical components of fresh mature tobacco leaves impacted by leaf positions and altitudes[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,25(5):1620-1624.
[13]李盛.香菇三螺旋葡聚糖氢键键合作用及其功能化研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2013.LI Sheng.The functionalization of triple helical lentinan based on hydrogen bonding association[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2013.
[14]Du Bois M,Gilles K A,Hamilton J K.Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances[J].Analytical Chemistry,1956,28(3):350-356.
[15]陈丹红.HPLC法测定酒糟水解液中单糖、有机酸和糖醛酸的研究[J].福建轻纺,2010(8):20-25.
[16]刘绍华,刘远上,孙斯文,等.超声法提取香料烟花蕾多糖及其抗氧化活性[J].烟草科技,2015,48(8):25-30.LIU Shaohua,LIU Yuanshang,SUN Siwen,et al.Ultrasound-assisted extraction and antioxidative activities of polysaccharides from oriental tobacco buds[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(8):25-30.
[17]伊芳,郭丽,杜先锋.SEC-MALLS-RI体系测定魔芋胶分子结构特性的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(36):22585-22588.YI Fang,GUO Li,DU Xianfeng.Study on molecular structure characteristics of Konjac glucomannan by using SEC-MALLS-RI system[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(36):22585-22588.
[18]许春平,杨琛琛,郝辉,等.香料烟烟叶多糖的热裂解产物研究[J].轻工科技,2014(8):18-21.XU Chunping,YANG Chenchen,HAO Hui,et al.Study on the pyrolysis products of oriental tobacco polysaccharide[J].Light Industry Science and Technology,2014(8):18-21.
[19]Kiho T,Sakushima M,Wang S R,et al.Polysaccharides in fungi.XXVI.Two branched(1-3)-β-D-glucans from hot water extract of Yuěr[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin.1991,39(3):798-800.
[20]李盛,许淑琴,张俐娜.菌类多糖链构象及其表征方法研究进展[J].高分子学报,2010(12):1359-1375.LI Sheng,XU Shuqin,ZHANG Lina.Advances in conformations and characterizations of fungi polysaccharides[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2010(12):1359-1375.