炼山后27年生杉木人工林生长及生物量分配格局
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摘要
选择炼山造林后27年生杉木人工林为研究对象,采用Monsi分层切割法对所选取的平均标准木进行生物量测定,并测定各营养器官的C、N、P、K含量,分析炼山对杉木人工林长期生产力的影响.结果表明:从长期来看,炼山对杉木人工林地生产力具有不利影响.尽管炼山在初期对杉木的树高、胸径生长有积极影响,但从第7年开始,不炼山的杉木林树高、胸径超过炼山后的杉木林,并且差距逐渐增大;至炼山后第27年,不炼山杉木林树高、胸径仍大于炼山杉木林.从生物量来看,不炼山处理林分生物量与炼山处理之间的差异虽未达显著水平,但叶、皮和根的生物量均明显大于炼山处理.未炼山的林分养分及C积累量均大于炼山处理后的林分,两种处理对于养分及C积累量的影响均无显著差异,对其他器官均未有明显的影响.
To evaluate the impact of controlled burning on the productivity of Chinese fir plantation in a long run, a 27-year-old Chinese fir plantation with single controlled burning in the initial stages was compared with plantation without burning on biomass and carbon(C), nitrogen(N), potassium(K), phosphorus(P) contents in nutrient different organs. Biomass of the selected standard wood was determined using Monsi stratified cutting method. The results showed that from a long-term perspective, the practice of controlled burning could adversely affect the productivity of Chinese fir plantations. Despite some positive effect on tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH) from controlled burning in the initial period, tree height and DBH of plantation without burning surpassed those with control burning from the 7 th year till the 27 th year. Although biomass was not significantly different between 2 ground clearance methods, individual quantity of leaf, bark, and root from plantation without burning was significantly higher than those with control burning. The overall nutrient and C accumulation of plantation without burning outnumbered the one with controlled burning, but only the difference on P contents was significant. No obvious pattern for nutrient allocation was detected between 2 ground clearance methods.
To evaluate the impact of controlled burning on the productivity of Chinese fir plantation in a long run, a 27-year-old Chinese fir plantation with single controlled burning in the initial stages was compared with plantation without burning on biomass and carbon(C), nitrogen(N), potassium(K), phosphorus(P) contents in nutrient different organs. Biomass of the selected standard wood was determined using Monsi stratified cutting method. The results showed that from a long-term perspective, the practice of controlled burning could adversely affect the productivity of Chinese fir plantations. Despite some positive effect on tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH) from controlled burning in the initial period, tree height and DBH of plantation without burning surpassed those with control burning from the 7 th year till the 27 th year. Although biomass was not significantly different between 2 ground clearance methods, individual quantity of leaf, bark, and root from plantation without burning was significantly higher than those with control burning. The overall nutrient and C accumulation of plantation without burning outnumbered the one with controlled burning, but only the difference on P contents was significant. No obvious pattern for nutrient allocation was detected between 2 ground clearance methods.
引文
[1] 马祥庆,范少辉,陈绍栓,等.杉木人工林连作生物生产力的研究[J].林业科学,2003,29(2):78-83.
[2] 林开敏,俞新妥.杉木人工林地力衰退与可持续经营[J].中国生态农业学报,2001,9(4):39-42.
[3] 杨尚东,吴俊,谭宏伟,等.红壤区桉树人工林炼山后土壤肥力变化及其生态评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7 788-7 797.
[4] YANG Y,HE Z,MA X,et al.On the advantages and disadvantages of the effects of controlled burning on the ecological system of Chinese fir plantation and the counter measures[J].Journal of Natural Resources,1997,12(2):153-159.
[5] 林思祖,林开敏,吴擢溪.炼山对杉木人工幼林养分流失影响的定量研究[J].自然资源学报,1997(3):48-54.
[6] CASTRO A C,PAULO C J,RIBEIRO S.Prescribed burning impact on forest soil properties-a Fuzzy Boolean Nets approach[J].Environmental Research,2011,111(2):199-204.
[7] SOMMER R,VLEK P L G,SA T D D A,et al.Nutrient balance of shifting cultivation by burning or mulching in the Eastern Amazon evidence for subsoil nutrient accumulation[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2004,68(3):257-271.
[8] 田野,牛树奎,陈锋,等.火干扰后的油松林地表死可燃物负荷及影响因子[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2018,47(6):691-697.
[9] 崔飞,邓湘雯,邓东华,等.炼山造林后不同年龄杉木人工林林下植物多样性动态[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(6):63-69.
[10] 吴鹏飞,马祥庆,蒋建,等.闽西不同杉木无性系子代测定林幼林生长的比较[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2009,38(4):371-375.
[11] 范少辉,盛炜彤,马祥庆,等.多代连栽对不同发育阶段杉木人工林生产力的影响[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(5):560-567.
[12] 黄云玲.炼山对不同立地5年生杉木幼林生长的影响[J].广西林业科学,2006,34(1):88-90.
[13] 陈养.林地不同清理方式对18年生杉木生长的效应[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(11):92-93.
[14] 林开敏,何智英,俞新妥,等.炼山后杉木幼林地土壤肥力动态研究[J].福建林学院学报,1992,12(3):290-295.
[15] 范海兰,洪伟,洪滔,等.炼山对南酸枣人工林林下物种多样性的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2005,22(5):495-500.
[16] 魏占才.森林调查技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[17] 李业清,沈德慧.森林生物量的调查方法[J].科学技术创新,2011(34):266.
[18] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[19] BROCKETT B F T,BETH F T,PRESCOTT S J,et al.Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2012,44(1):9-20.
[20] 陈礼清,罗承德,宫渊波,等.炼山对巨桉人工幼林土壤酶活性和有效养分的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014(3):89-92.
[21] ZHOU L,CAI L,HE Z,et al.Thinning increases understory diversity and biomass,and improves soil properties without decreasing growth of Chinese fir in southern China[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2016,23(23):1-16.
[22] 张玉红,覃炳醒,孙铭隆,等.林火对大兴安岭典型林型林下植被与土壤的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(2):7-13.
[23] 杨玉盛,何宗明.杉木幼林地水土肥流失研究[J].水土保持学报,1993(3):32-36.
[24] 陈东升,孙晓梅,张守攻.不同年龄日本落叶松人工林生物量、碳储量及养分特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(12):3 759-3 768.
[25] ZHANG Y,WEI Z,LI H,et al.Biochemical quality and accumulation of soil organic matter in an age sequence of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in southern China[J].Journal of Soils & Sediments,2017,17(9):2 218-2 229.
[26] 胡喜生,宋辛森,洪伟,等.不同年龄马尾松林能量及空间分布特征[J].森林与环境学报,2008,28(3):208-211.
[27] 楚秀丽,王艺,金国庆,等.不同生境、初植密度及林龄木荷人工林生长、材性变异及林分分化[J].林业科学,2014,50(6):152-159.
[28] 盛炜彤.关于我国人工林长期生产力的保持[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(1):1-14.
[29] 刘爱琴,严加亮,侯晓龙,等.武夷山自然保护区不同海拔土壤磷素的分布规律[J].森林与环境学报,2015,35(4):310-316.
[30] WU P,LAI H,TIGABU M,et al.Does phosphorus deficiency induce formation of root cortical aerenchyma maintaining growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata?[J].Trees,2018,32(11):1 633-1 642.
[31] ZOU X,WU P,CHEN N,et al.Chinese fir root response to spatial and temporal heterogeneity of phosphorus availability in the soil[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2015,45(2):402-410.
[32] WANG L,KATZENSTEINER K,SCHUME H,et al.Potassium fertilization affects the distribution of fine roots but does not change ectomycorrhizal community structure[J].Annals of Forest Science,2016,73(3):1-12.
[33] 陆昕,胡海清,孙龙,等.火干扰对森林生态系统土壤有机碳影响研究进展[J].土壤通报,2014,45(3):760-768.
[34] 刘俊祥,于永畅,郎蓬蓬,等.旱柳枝条皮层叶绿体的光化学特性及结构的特化[J].林业科学,2018,54(5):30-35.
[35] PERI P L,GARGAGLIONE V,PASTUR G M.Above-and belowground nutrients storage and biomass accumulation in marginal Nothofagus antarctica forests in Southern Patagonia[J].Forest Ecology & Management,2008,255(7):2 502-2 511.
[36] 罗梅,郑小贤,杜燕,等.福建将乐林场杉木人工林多功能评价初探[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2013,42(3):269-272.
[2] 林开敏,俞新妥.杉木人工林地力衰退与可持续经营[J].中国生态农业学报,2001,9(4):39-42.
[3] 杨尚东,吴俊,谭宏伟,等.红壤区桉树人工林炼山后土壤肥力变化及其生态评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7 788-7 797.
[4] YANG Y,HE Z,MA X,et al.On the advantages and disadvantages of the effects of controlled burning on the ecological system of Chinese fir plantation and the counter measures[J].Journal of Natural Resources,1997,12(2):153-159.
[5] 林思祖,林开敏,吴擢溪.炼山对杉木人工幼林养分流失影响的定量研究[J].自然资源学报,1997(3):48-54.
[6] CASTRO A C,PAULO C J,RIBEIRO S.Prescribed burning impact on forest soil properties-a Fuzzy Boolean Nets approach[J].Environmental Research,2011,111(2):199-204.
[7] SOMMER R,VLEK P L G,SA T D D A,et al.Nutrient balance of shifting cultivation by burning or mulching in the Eastern Amazon evidence for subsoil nutrient accumulation[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2004,68(3):257-271.
[8] 田野,牛树奎,陈锋,等.火干扰后的油松林地表死可燃物负荷及影响因子[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2018,47(6):691-697.
[9] 崔飞,邓湘雯,邓东华,等.炼山造林后不同年龄杉木人工林林下植物多样性动态[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(6):63-69.
[10] 吴鹏飞,马祥庆,蒋建,等.闽西不同杉木无性系子代测定林幼林生长的比较[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2009,38(4):371-375.
[11] 范少辉,盛炜彤,马祥庆,等.多代连栽对不同发育阶段杉木人工林生产力的影响[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(5):560-567.
[12] 黄云玲.炼山对不同立地5年生杉木幼林生长的影响[J].广西林业科学,2006,34(1):88-90.
[13] 陈养.林地不同清理方式对18年生杉木生长的效应[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(11):92-93.
[14] 林开敏,何智英,俞新妥,等.炼山后杉木幼林地土壤肥力动态研究[J].福建林学院学报,1992,12(3):290-295.
[15] 范海兰,洪伟,洪滔,等.炼山对南酸枣人工林林下物种多样性的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2005,22(5):495-500.
[16] 魏占才.森林调查技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[17] 李业清,沈德慧.森林生物量的调查方法[J].科学技术创新,2011(34):266.
[18] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[19] BROCKETT B F T,BETH F T,PRESCOTT S J,et al.Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2012,44(1):9-20.
[20] 陈礼清,罗承德,宫渊波,等.炼山对巨桉人工幼林土壤酶活性和有效养分的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014(3):89-92.
[21] ZHOU L,CAI L,HE Z,et al.Thinning increases understory diversity and biomass,and improves soil properties without decreasing growth of Chinese fir in southern China[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2016,23(23):1-16.
[22] 张玉红,覃炳醒,孙铭隆,等.林火对大兴安岭典型林型林下植被与土壤的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(2):7-13.
[23] 杨玉盛,何宗明.杉木幼林地水土肥流失研究[J].水土保持学报,1993(3):32-36.
[24] 陈东升,孙晓梅,张守攻.不同年龄日本落叶松人工林生物量、碳储量及养分特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(12):3 759-3 768.
[25] ZHANG Y,WEI Z,LI H,et al.Biochemical quality and accumulation of soil organic matter in an age sequence of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in southern China[J].Journal of Soils & Sediments,2017,17(9):2 218-2 229.
[26] 胡喜生,宋辛森,洪伟,等.不同年龄马尾松林能量及空间分布特征[J].森林与环境学报,2008,28(3):208-211.
[27] 楚秀丽,王艺,金国庆,等.不同生境、初植密度及林龄木荷人工林生长、材性变异及林分分化[J].林业科学,2014,50(6):152-159.
[28] 盛炜彤.关于我国人工林长期生产力的保持[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(1):1-14.
[29] 刘爱琴,严加亮,侯晓龙,等.武夷山自然保护区不同海拔土壤磷素的分布规律[J].森林与环境学报,2015,35(4):310-316.
[30] WU P,LAI H,TIGABU M,et al.Does phosphorus deficiency induce formation of root cortical aerenchyma maintaining growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata?[J].Trees,2018,32(11):1 633-1 642.
[31] ZOU X,WU P,CHEN N,et al.Chinese fir root response to spatial and temporal heterogeneity of phosphorus availability in the soil[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2015,45(2):402-410.
[32] WANG L,KATZENSTEINER K,SCHUME H,et al.Potassium fertilization affects the distribution of fine roots but does not change ectomycorrhizal community structure[J].Annals of Forest Science,2016,73(3):1-12.
[33] 陆昕,胡海清,孙龙,等.火干扰对森林生态系统土壤有机碳影响研究进展[J].土壤通报,2014,45(3):760-768.
[34] 刘俊祥,于永畅,郎蓬蓬,等.旱柳枝条皮层叶绿体的光化学特性及结构的特化[J].林业科学,2018,54(5):30-35.
[35] PERI P L,GARGAGLIONE V,PASTUR G M.Above-and belowground nutrients storage and biomass accumulation in marginal Nothofagus antarctica forests in Southern Patagonia[J].Forest Ecology & Management,2008,255(7):2 502-2 511.
[36] 罗梅,郑小贤,杜燕,等.福建将乐林场杉木人工林多功能评价初探[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2013,42(3):269-272.
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