肥料对延胡索品质和重金属积累的影响

详细信息    查看全文 | 推荐本文 |

英文篇名：Effects of Fertilizer on Corydalis yanhusuo Quality and Heavy Metal Accumulation 作者：余顺慧 ; 刘雷 ; 戚文华 ; 谭燕淑 ; 张静 英文作者：YU Shunhui;LIU Lei;QI Wenhua;TAN Yanshu;ZHANG Jing;Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Green Planting and Deep Processing of Famous-region Drug in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing Three Gorges College;Wanzhou District Ecological Environment Monitoring Station; 关键词：施肥 ; 延胡索 ; 重金属 ; 品质 英文关键词：fertilizing;;Corydalis yanhusuo;;heavy metal;;quality 中文刊名：FJKS 英文刊名：Environmental Science & Technology 机构：重庆三峡学院三峡库区道地药材绿色种植与深加工重庆市工程实验室;重庆市万州区生态环境监测站; 出版日期：2019-03-15 出版单位：环境科学与技术 年：2019 期：v.42 基金：重庆市应用开发计划项目(cstc2014yykfA110024);; 重庆三峡学院2018年度大学生创新训练项目(2018034) 语种：中文; 页：FJKS201903009 页数：4 CN：03 ISSN：42-1245/X 分类号：75-78

摘要

为了探讨肥料中氮磷和有机质对延胡索(Corydalis yanhusuo)品质和重金属积累的影响,文章以延胡索为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,研究了氮磷和有机质对延胡索块茎药性品质、产量及积累重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的影响。结果表明:施用适宜浓度的氮肥,能促使延胡索块茎生长旺盛,与对照CK(不施用氮磷和有机质)相比可显著增加延胡索产量和(药性)品质(显著增加块茎中延胡索乙素含量46.34%),显著增加延胡索块茎的产量50.64%。而磷和有机质对延胡索药性品质和产量与CK相比无显著差异;施用适宜浓度氮磷和有机质时,随着延胡索块茎生长,重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn含量呈下降趋势,到了收获期重金属含量达到最低,均低于国家食品卫生标准;在收获期,与对照CK相比,施用适宜浓度的氮肥显著增加延胡索块茎中Cd、Pb含量23.40%和30.43%,施用适宜浓度有机肥显著降低延胡索块茎Cd、Cr和Zn含量41.67%、54.17%和10.36%。因此,在生产实践中应权衡药用植物经济产量和药性品质与药用植物重金属积累之间的平衡,并通过减量施氮和施用适宜浓度有机质的施肥措施既增产和提高其品质,又能减少药用植物对重金属的吸收,从而保障中药材的安全。
        In order to identify the quality and heavy metal accumulation effect involving the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter, pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter on Corydalis yanhusuo tuber of the medicinal quality, production and accumulation of heavy metal Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Results of the field experiment are encouraging. A significant change was obtained in the medicinal quality and production of C. yanhusuo under different fertilizer application rates. The content of tetrahydroxene of C. yanhusuo in nitrogen fertilizer treatments were significantly improved which were 46.34% higher than CK.Production of C. yanhusuo in nitrogen fertilizer treatments were significantly improved which were 50.64% higher than CK. On the other hand, phosphorus and organic matter treatment had no obvious influence on the medicinal quality and production of C. yanhusuo than CK. In the harvest period, compared with the control CK, the suitable concentration of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the content of Cd, Pb in the tuber of C. yanhusuo by 23.40% and 30.43%, and the suitable concentration of organic fertilizer significantly decreased the Cd, Cr and Zn content of 41.67%,54.17% and 10.36% respectively. Therefore the economic yield and heavy metal accumulation of C. yanhusuo in planting practice should be well balanced, then the heavy metal uptake of C. yanhusuo would be reduced which could ensure the safety of agricultural products by modest reducing nitrogen and applying appropriate concentrations of organic matter.

引文

[1]李志贤,向言词,李会东,等.施氮水平对玉米吸收和富集重金属Cd、Pb的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):143-147.Li Zhixian,Xiang Yanci,Li Huidong,et al.Effects of nitrogen application levels on Cd,Pb uptake and accumulation by maize[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(6):143-147.
    [2]张静,余顺慧,祁俊生,等.钙和钾对延胡索幼苗镉毒害的缓解作用[J].草业学报,2017,26(8):123-130.Zhang Jing,Yu Shunhui,Qi Junsheng,et al.Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Corydalis yanhusuo seedings by exogenous calcium or potassium[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(8):123-130.
    [3]李波,青长乐,周正宾,等.肥料中氮磷和有机质对土壤重金属行为的影响及在土壤治污中的应用[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(6):375-377.Li Bo,Qing Changle,Zhou Zhengbin,et al.Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter on heavy metal behavior in soils and its application of controlling pollution[J].Agroenvironmental Protection,2000,19(6):375-377.
    [4]张静,周浓,祁俊生,等.HPLC同时测定不同产地延胡索中的6种生物碱[J].华西药学杂志,2016,31(4):415-419.Zhang Jing,Zhou Nong,Qi Junsheng,et al.A new HPLCmethod established to determinate 6 alkaliods in Corydalis yanhusuo from different habitats[J].West China Journal of Parmaceutical Science,2016,31(4):415-419.
    [5]余顺慧,蒙明珠,潘杰.氮肥和钾肥对铬污染土壤延胡索幼苗生长及品质的影响[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,42(10):61-68.Yu Shunhui,Mong Mingzhu,Pan Jie.Effects of N fertilizer and K fertilizer on Corydalis yanhusuo seedings growth and quality in chromium polluted soil[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2017,42(10):61-68.
    [6]胡超,徐国华,奇学斌,等.再生水分根交替地下滴灌对马铃薯品质和重金属积累影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(3):43-46.Hu Chao,Xu Guohua,Qi Xuebin,et al.The effect of APRIon quality and heavy metal accumulation of potato by reclaimed water irrigation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2011,30(3):43-46.