生物表面活性剂在石油污染土壤修复中的应用潜力
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摘要
陕北地区石油土壤污染不但给当地造成巨大的经济损失,而且严重威胁本已十分脆弱的生态环境,研究石油污染的土壤修复显得尤为迫切。目前,国内外治理石油污染土壤多采取生物修复技术。生物修复时,添加表面活性剂可以增强生物活性,降低固液表面张力,并加速石油烃的生物降解率。本文介绍了表面活性剂特性和分类,阐述了表面活性剂的卷曲、增溶和洗脱三种机理。通过对比化学表面活性剂,笔者研究了生物表面活性剂在石油污染土壤修复中的应用潜力。同时,针对目前其在修复中存在的主要问题,提出未来生物表面活性剂研究的六大方向。
In northern Shaanxi, the oil soil pollution not only causes huge economic losses to the local area, but also seriously threatens the fragile ecological environment. It is particularly urgent to study the remediation of soil polluted by oil. At present, bioremediation technologies are mainly used to treat soil contaminated with petroleum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at home and abroad. The addition of surfactant in bioremediation can enhance biological activity, reduce liquid surface tension, and accelerate the biodegradation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This paper introduced the characteristics and classification of surfactant, expounded the three mechanisms of surfactant curling, solubilization and elution. By comparing with chemical surfactant, the research potential of biosurfactant in repairing petroleum-contaminated soils was studied. The problems in the repair of biosurfactant and the six research directions for the future remediation of oil-contaminated soils were proposed.
In northern Shaanxi, the oil soil pollution not only causes huge economic losses to the local area, but also seriously threatens the fragile ecological environment. It is particularly urgent to study the remediation of soil polluted by oil. At present, bioremediation technologies are mainly used to treat soil contaminated with petroleum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at home and abroad. The addition of surfactant in bioremediation can enhance biological activity, reduce liquid surface tension, and accelerate the biodegradation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This paper introduced the characteristics and classification of surfactant, expounded the three mechanisms of surfactant curling, solubilization and elution. By comparing with chemical surfactant, the research potential of biosurfactant in repairing petroleum-contaminated soils was studied. The problems in the repair of biosurfactant and the six research directions for the future remediation of oil-contaminated soils were proposed.
引文
1李刚,蔡苗,魏样,等.陕北地区石油开采对土壤环境污染研究[J].广东化工,2016,43(23):47-49.
2惠云芳,王鸿飞.石油污染土壤的生物修复研究进展[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(4):451-458.
3祝红,张焕祯,毕璐莎,等.表面活性剂修复石油类污染土壤研究进展[J].环境工程,2016,34(1):1012-1015.
4王宏光,郑连伟.表面活性剂在多环芳烃污染土壤修复中的应用[J].化工环保,2006,26(6):471-474.
5 Wang H,Chen J J.Enhanced flushing of polychlorinated biphenyls contaminated sands using surfactant foam:Effect of partition coefficient and sweep efficiency[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(7):1270-1277.
6 Deshpande S,Shiau B J,Wade D,etal.Surfactant selection for enhancing ex situ soil washing[J].Water Research,1999,33(2):351-360.
7朱利中,冯少良.混合表面活性剂对多环芳烃的增溶作用及机理[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(6):774-778.
8 Hayworth J S,Burris D R.Nonionic surfactantenhanced solubilization and recovery of organic contaminants from within cationic surfactant-enhanced sorbent zones:I.Experiments[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1997,(31):1277-1283.
9 Park S K,Bielefeldt A R.Non-ionic surfactant flushing of pentachlorophenol from NAPL-contaminated soil[J].Water Research,2005,(39):1388-1396.
10 Makka R S.Synthesis of biosurfactants in extreme conditions[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,1998,(50):520-529.
11欧阳科,张甲耀,戚琪,等.生物表面活性剂和化学表面活性剂对多环芳烃蒽的生物降解作用研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(4):806-809.
12谢丹平,尹华,彭辉,等.生物表面活性剂对菌XD-1降解原油的作用[J].暨南大学学报,2004,25(3):365-369.
13牛明芬,李凤梅,韩晓日,等.生物表面活性剂产生菌的筛选及表面活性剂稳定性研究[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):631-634.
2惠云芳,王鸿飞.石油污染土壤的生物修复研究进展[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(4):451-458.
3祝红,张焕祯,毕璐莎,等.表面活性剂修复石油类污染土壤研究进展[J].环境工程,2016,34(1):1012-1015.
4王宏光,郑连伟.表面活性剂在多环芳烃污染土壤修复中的应用[J].化工环保,2006,26(6):471-474.
5 Wang H,Chen J J.Enhanced flushing of polychlorinated biphenyls contaminated sands using surfactant foam:Effect of partition coefficient and sweep efficiency[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(7):1270-1277.
6 Deshpande S,Shiau B J,Wade D,etal.Surfactant selection for enhancing ex situ soil washing[J].Water Research,1999,33(2):351-360.
7朱利中,冯少良.混合表面活性剂对多环芳烃的增溶作用及机理[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(6):774-778.
8 Hayworth J S,Burris D R.Nonionic surfactantenhanced solubilization and recovery of organic contaminants from within cationic surfactant-enhanced sorbent zones:I.Experiments[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1997,(31):1277-1283.
9 Park S K,Bielefeldt A R.Non-ionic surfactant flushing of pentachlorophenol from NAPL-contaminated soil[J].Water Research,2005,(39):1388-1396.
10 Makka R S.Synthesis of biosurfactants in extreme conditions[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,1998,(50):520-529.
11欧阳科,张甲耀,戚琪,等.生物表面活性剂和化学表面活性剂对多环芳烃蒽的生物降解作用研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(4):806-809.
12谢丹平,尹华,彭辉,等.生物表面活性剂对菌XD-1降解原油的作用[J].暨南大学学报,2004,25(3):365-369.
13牛明芬,李凤梅,韩晓日,等.生物表面活性剂产生菌的筛选及表面活性剂稳定性研究[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):631-634.